2023-2024學(xué)年黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市九校高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

2023—2024學(xué)年度上學(xué)期龍西北高中名校聯(lián)盟高三開學(xué)考試英語本試卷共5頁滿分150分考試用時(shí)120分鐘注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)、用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3．非選擇題答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆、修正帶和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。寫在試卷上無效。4．考生必須保持答題卡的整潔，答題卡不要折疊?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回.第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分1.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C.1．Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A．OnSeptember15th.B．OnSeptember9th.C．OnSeptember6th.2．Howdoesthewomanfeel?A．Annoyed.B．Sympathetic.C．Confused.3．Whereareprobablythespeakers?A．Athome.B．Inacoffeeshop.C．Inarestaurant.4．WhyisthemanangrywithLinda?A．Shelosthisdocument.B．Shegavehimawarning.C．Sheviolatedhisprivacy.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theman’sfavoriteplayer.B．Thegameresults.C．Apopularsport.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A．Totalkaboutthemeetingtime.B．Totellhimherschedule.C．Toaskaboutaclass.7．Whatwillthewomandointhemorning?A．Changealessonwithanotherteacher.B．Meetthemanattheusualplace.C．Meethercompanyleader.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9、10題，8．Wherearethespeakers?A．AtaHalloweenparty.B．Atafriend’shome.C．Atacoffeeshop.9．Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A．Theybothlikebaseball.B．Theybothlikedressingup.C．Theybothlikeparties.10．WhatisthemangoingtodothisSaturday?A．Learntomakecoffee.B．Travelwiththewoman.C．Listentothewoman’sstory.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Designerandclient.B．Shopassistantandcustomer.C．Interviewerandinterviewee.12．Whatdoesthewomansayabouthanfu?A．Itsstyleisthebest.B．Itcontainsphilosophicalideas.C．Itischarmingineveryaspect.13．Whathasthewomanfoundfromhanfu?A．Unexploredthingsinherlife.B．Hertalentfordesigning.C．Herinspirationforstories.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題.14．WhatdoweknowaboutMaori?A．Theyrubeachother’snosesasagreeting.B．Theymakeagesturetosayhello.C．Itsimpoliteforthemtogiveathumbs-up.15．Whatisthewoman’snationality?A．Nigerian.B．British.C．Chinese.16．Howmanycountriesdothespeakersmentionintotal?A．5.B．6.C．7.17．Howdoesthemansuggestthewomanwriteherpaper?A．Bygivingmoredetailedinformation.B．Bywritingtheabstractfirst.C．Bygivingaprofoundconclusion.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題.18．WhywasYaguasNationalParkfounded?A．Todevelopthetourismindustry.B．Todoresearchonplants.C．Tofightclimatechange.19．WheredoesNigelPitmanwork?A．Inthemuseum.B．Attheuniversity.C．Inthepark.20．HowmanyspeciesofbirdsarethereinYaguasNationalPark?A．Around160.B．Over500.C．Morethan3,000.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng).AForchildren,spaceismagical—awholeworldisoutthere,withsomanythingstolearnandstoriestoread.Herearesomechildren’sbooksaboutspaceandthesolarsystem.MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurringtonThisbeautifullyillustratedpicturebookisattractivetoyoungkids.ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace,MaeJemison.IttellsthestoryofMaeasalittlegirl,whoalwaysknewshehadbigdreamsaboutspace.Thisisagreatadditiontoayoungkid’scollection,asaremindertoholdtighttodreamsandnevergiveup.SpacebyLibbyJacksonThisbeautifullyillustratedbookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspaceinsomeway,fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday.Thisisaperfectgiftforyoungkidswhowanttoknowmoreaboutsomeofthelesser-knownscientificachievementsrelatedtospaceexploration.ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvinThisisMelvin’sstoryaboutbeingafootballplayer-turned-astronaut,alongwithhisrecoveryfromaninjurythatnearlylefthimdeaf.Kidswilllovereadinghisstoryabouthowhefacedchallengesandadvancedahead,andhealsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry,andasectionoffull-colorphotographs.SystemandBeyondbyDavidA.AguilarThebookisfullofbeautifulillustrationsofspace,andisperfectforkidsofallages,exploringvariousplanetsandthesolarsystem.Unlikeotherkids’spacebook,thisisaNationalGeographicbookwrittenandillustratedbyanaward-winningastronomerandspaceartist.AguilarisalsotheformerDirectorofScienceInformationandPublicOutreachattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics.1.WhatdoMaeamongtheStarsandSpacehaveincommon?A.Theyincludeless-knownastronauts. B.Theytellaboutscientists’childhood.C.Theycoverwomenexploringspace. D.Theyaresuitableforchildrenofallages.2.Whosebookattractschildrenshowinginterestinexperiments?A.StasiaBurrington’s. B.LibbyJackson’s.C.LelandMelvin’s. D.DavidA.Aguilar’s.3.WhatisuniquetoSystemandBeyond?A.Ithasbeautifulpictures. B.Ittellsaboutspaceartists.C.Ithaswonmanygrandawards. D.Itwaswrittenbyanastronomer.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本關(guān)于太空和太陽系的兒童讀物?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurrington第二、三句“ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace,MaeJemison.IttellsthestoryofMaeasalittlegirl,whoalwaysknewshehadbigdreamsaboutspace.(它的靈感來自第一位進(jìn)入太空的非裔美國女性梅·杰米森。它講述了梅作為一個(gè)小女孩的故事，她一直知道她對(duì)太空有很大的夢(mèng)想。)”，而SpacebyLibbyJackson的第一句“Thisbeautifullyillustratedbookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspaceinsomeway,fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday.(這本精美的插圖書讓孩子們看到了從19世紀(jì)到現(xiàn)在，來自世界各地的50位女性，她們以某種方式參與了太空探索。)”可知，《星際漫游》和《太空漫游》的共同之處是：它們都涉及到那些探索太空的女性。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvin的“Kidswilllovereadinghisstoryabouthowhefacedchallengesandadvancedahead,andhealsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry,andasectionoffull-colorphotographs.(孩子們會(huì)喜歡讀他關(guān)于他如何面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和前進(jìn)的故事，他還包括DIY實(shí)驗(yàn)供孩子們嘗試，以及一組全彩照片。)”可知，對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)感興趣的孩子會(huì)被LelandMelvin的書吸引。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SystemandBeyondbyDavidA.Aguilar的“Unlikeotherkids’spacebook,thisisaNationalGeographicbookwrittenandillustratedbyanaward-winningastronomerandspaceartist.AguilarisalsotheformerDirectorofScienceInformationandPublicOutreachattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics.(與其他兒童太空書不同，這是一本由獲獎(jiǎng)的天文學(xué)家和太空藝術(shù)家撰寫和插圖的國家地理書。阿吉拉爾還是哈佛-史密森天體物理中心的前科學(xué)信息和公共宣傳主任。)”可知，這本《系統(tǒng)及其他》與其他讀物的不同之處是作者本人的身份是天文學(xué)家，能為讀者提供專家的觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)主題的見解。故選D項(xiàng)。BTheLouvreisthemostpopularmuseumintheworld.Lastyear,about10millionvisitors,morethan75%ofwhomwereforeigntourists,cametothemuseum.About80%ofthemwerehereforMonaLisa-andmostofthemleftunhappy.AccordingtoasurveyofBritishtouristsearlierthisyear,MonaLisawasvotedtheworld’smostdisappointingattraction,beatingoutCheckpointCharlie,SpanishSteps,andUrinatingBoyinBrussels.Ifthemuseumthinksthatitisinspiringthenextgenerationofartlovers,itisinfactdoingtheopposite,thankstothehugecrowdsinfrontofthepicture.TheovercrowdingherewassobadthatJean-LucMartinez,themuseum’sdirector,hastoadmit,“Wehavetotakestepstodealwiththeovercrowdinginthecomingyears:newentrancesandtimedticketsforthemuseum.”Hemisunderstandstheproblem-fortheLouvre,withmoregalleryspacethananymuseumontheplanet,isn’tthatcrowed.Onmylastvisit,theFrenchpaintingwinghadjustafewvisitors.EvenVenusdeMilo,perhapsthesecondmostfamousworkofartinthemuseum,onlydrewacomfortablefewdozenvisitors.Inotherwords,theLouvredoesnothaveanovercrowdingproblem.IthasaMonaLisaproblem.Nootherfamouspaintingcomesanywhereclosetomonopolizing(壟斷)amuseumlikeshedoes.ItistimefortheLouvretoadmititsfailure.Themuseumdoesnotneednewentrancesortimedtickets.Instead,itonlyneedstosetupamovingwalkwayinfrontofMonaLisaandletSamsungoranothersmartphonecompanytofixitscutestcamerasaroundher.Sovisitorscanstrikeaposeonthemovingwalkway,anddownloadtheircutestselfies(自拍像)withMonaLisalater.IcanevenpicturethemovingwalkwaysmoothlyguidingtouristspasttheMonaLisaintothegiftshops,wheremillionsofselfierscantaketimetoenjoytheirpictures,andspendmoney.Itistimetosetitupnowsincethe2024SummerOlympicsisaroundthecomer.4.Whichwasthemostdisappointingattractionaccordingtothesurvey?________A.MonaLisa. B.VenusdeMilo. C.SpanishSteps. D.UrinatingBoy.5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofJean-LucMartinez’ssolution?________AAmazing. B.Practical. C.Expensive. D.Unworkable.6.WhyisitsocrowdedinfrontofMonaLisa?________A.Alotofvisitorsstaytheretoappreciateit. B.Theroomhousingthepictureistoosmall.C.Toomanyvisitorswanttotakeapicturewithit. D.Theticketforthefamouspaintingistoocheap.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?________A.TosharehisunpleasantvisittotheLouvre.B.Tointroduceafamouspaintinginamuseum.C.ToofferasimplesolutiontotheMonaLisaproblem.D.Toshowtheopportunitybroughtbythe2024Olympics.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了盧浮宮是世界上最受歡迎的博物館。大約80%的人是為了《蒙娜麗莎》而來的，大多數(shù)人離開時(shí)都不開心。主要是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)景點(diǎn)前過度擁擠，作者為這個(gè)景點(diǎn)的擁擠提出來自己的解決方案?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AccordingtoasurveyofBritishtouristsearlierthisyear,MonaLisawasvotedtheworld’smostdisappointingattraction,beatingoutCheckpointCharlie,SpanishSteps,andUrinatingBoyinBrussels.”（根據(jù)今年早些時(shí)候?qū)τ慰偷囊豁?xiàng)調(diào)查，蒙娜麗莎擊敗查理檢查站、西班牙臺(tái)階和布魯塞爾的撒尿男孩，被評(píng)為世界上最令人失望的景點(diǎn)。）可知，根據(jù)調(diào)查蒙娜麗莎是最令人失望的景點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hemisunderstandstheproblem-fortheLouvre,withmoregalleryspacethananymuseumontheplanet,isn’tthatcrowed.”(他誤解了盧浮宮的問題，盧浮宮的畫廊空間比地球上任何一座博物館都大，并不是很擁擠。)根據(jù)“Themuseumdoesnotneednewentrancesortimedtickets.”（博物館不需要新的入口或限時(shí)門票）可知，作者認(rèn)為他誤解了盧浮宮的問題，可見作者對(duì)Jean-LucMartinez的解決方案的看法是覺得不可行的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Sovisitorscanstrikeaposeonthemovingwalkway,anddownloadtheircutestselfies(自拍像)withMonaLisalater.”（所以游客們可以在移動(dòng)的走道上擺姿勢(shì)，稍后還可以下載他們與蒙娜麗莎最可愛的自拍照。）可知，從這個(gè)解決擁擠的辦法可知，蒙娜麗莎面前如此擁擠是因?yàn)樘嗟挠慰拖牒退嫌?。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“About80%ofthemwerehereforMonaLisa-andmostofthemleftunhappy.”（大約80%的人來這里是為了《蒙娜麗莎》，但大多數(shù)人都不高興地離開了。）根據(jù)“Instead,itonlyneedstosetupamovingwalkwayinfrontofMonaLisaandletSamsungoranothersmartphonecompanytofixitscutestcamerasaroundher.”（相反，它只需要在蒙娜麗莎面前設(shè)置一條移動(dòng)通道，讓三星或其他智能手機(jī)公司在她周圍安裝最可愛的攝像頭）可知，主要是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)景點(diǎn)前過度擁擠，作者為這個(gè)景點(diǎn)的擁擠提出來自己的解決方案，所以作者的寫作目的是為蒙娜麗莎問題提供一個(gè)簡單的解決方案。故選C項(xiàng)。CPeoplealwaysunderestimate(低估)others’desireforconstructivefeedback(反饋)andthereforedon’tprovideit,evenwhenitcanimproveanotherperson’sperformance.accordingtoresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Previousresearchsuggestspeopleavoidgivingfeedbackbecausethey’reafraidthatitwillembarrassorupsettheotherperson,orthatdoingsomayharmtheirrelationships.NicoleAbi-EsberofHarvardBusinessSchoolandhercolleaguestheorizedtheremightbeanotherreasonwhypeoplerefusetogivefeedback:Theysimplydon’tfullyrecognizethepotentialoftheirinputtoimproveothers’outcomes,leadingthemtounderestimateothers’desireforsuchfeedback.Totesttheirtheory,theresearchersconductedaseriesofexperimentsinvolving1,984participants.Inoneexperiment.participantswerepresentedwith10imaginaryawkwardsocialsituationsatwork,wheretheycouldeithergiveorreceiveconstructivefeedback,Inanotherexperiment,participantswereaskedtorecallasituationwheretheycouldeitherhavegivenorreceivedconstructivefeedback.Inthefinalexperiment,participantswerepaired,withonepractisingaspeechforacompetitionandtheotherassignedtolistenandprovidefeedback.Acrossalltheexperiments,peopleinapositiontogivefeedbackconsistentlyunderestimatedpotentialreceivers’desireforit.Themoreconsequentialthefeedbackwas,themorelikelyparticipantsweretounderestimatetheother’sneedforfeedbackandthelesslikelytheyweretoofferit.Thegapwassmallerinmoreeveryday,lessimportantsituations,suchaswhentheotherpersonhadfoodontheirface.Theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatsimplyaskingpeopletoquicklyreflect“Ifyouwerethisperson,wouldyouwantfeedback?”helpedparticipantsrecognizethevalueoffeedbacktotheotherpersonandhelpedclosethegiver-receivergap.“Takeasecondandaskyourselfifyouwouldwantfeedbackifyouwerethem.Mostlikelyyouwould,andthisrealizationcanhelpempoweryoutogivethemfeedback,”saidAbi-Esber.“Feedbackiskeytopersonalgrowthandimprovement.”saidcoauthorFrancescaGino,alsoofHarvardBusinessSchool.“Thenexttimeyouhearsomeonemispronounceaword,orseeadirtymarkontheirshirt,pointitouttothem—theyprobablywantfeedbackmorethanyouthink.”8.Whatmakespeoplefailtogivefeedbackaccordingtopreviousresearch?A.Theirownsenseofembarrassment. B.Theirfearofunpleasantoutcomes.CTheirpoorabilitytointeractwithothers. D.Theirfailuretorealizeothers’needs.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consequential”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Regular. B.Understandable.C.Important. D.Achievable.10.Howcanpeoplebemademorewillingtoofferconstructivefeedback?A.Urgethemtorecallgreatfeelingsofhelpingothers.B.Trainthemtopayattentiontomuchbiggerproblems.C.Encouragethemtoaskabouttheotherpersons’desire.D.Getthemtoimaginethey’reintheotherpersons’shoes.11.WhatdoesFrancescaGinomainlytrytodointhelastparagraph?A.Presentafact. B.Givewarnings.C.Provideadvice. D.Makeasummary.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。美國心理學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們總是低估他人對(duì)建設(shè)性反饋的渴望，因此不會(huì)提供反饋，即使這種反饋可能會(huì)有助于提高他人的表現(xiàn)。【詳解】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Previousresearchsuggestspeopleavoidgivingfeedbackbecausethey’reafraidthatitwillembarrassorupsettheotherperson,orthatdoingsomayharmtheirrelationships.(之前的研究表明，人們避免給予反饋是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε逻@會(huì)讓對(duì)方感到尷尬或不安，或者這樣做可能會(huì)損害他們的關(guān)系。)”可知，之前的研究表明，人們未能給出反饋是因?yàn)楹ε聲?huì)帶來不好的結(jié)果。故選B。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Themoreconsequentialthefeedbackwas,themorelikelyparticipantsweretounderestimatetheother’sneedforfeedbackandthelesslikelytheyweretoofferit.(反饋越consequential，參與者越有可能低估對(duì)方對(duì)反饋的需求，他們就越不可能提供反饋。)”及畫線詞后“Thegapwassmallerinmoreeveryday,lessimportantsituations,suchaswhentheotherpersonhadfoodontheirface.(在更日常、更不重要的情況下，比如當(dāng)對(duì)方臉上有食物時(shí)，這種差距會(huì)更小。)”可推斷，反饋不太重要，人們就比較愿意給出反饋，反饋越重要，參與者越可能低估對(duì)方的需求，不可能提供反饋，畫線詞的意思與Important的意思最為接近。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容“Theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatsimplyaskingpeopletoquicklyreflect“Ifyouwerethisperson,wouldyouwantfeedback?”helpedparticipantsrecognizethevalueoffeedbacktotheotherpersonandhelpedclosethegiver-receivergap.“Takeasecondandaskyourselfifyouwouldwantfeedbackifyouwerethem.Mostlikelyyouwould,andthisrealizationcanhelpempoweryoutogivethemfeedback,”saidAbi-Esber.(研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，簡單地讓人們快速反思“如果你是這個(gè)人，你想要反饋嗎?”幫助參與者認(rèn)識(shí)到反饋對(duì)他人的價(jià)值，并幫助縮小了給予者和接受者之間的差距?！盎c(diǎn)時(shí)間問問自己，如果你是他們，你是否需要反饋。很有可能你會(huì)，這種認(rèn)識(shí)可以幫助你給他們反饋，”阿比-埃斯伯說。)”可推斷，問問自己如果你是這個(gè)人，你想要反饋嗎，可能會(huì)有助于給別人反饋，因此推斷如果想讓人們更樂意給出建設(shè)性的反饋，讓其換位思考是個(gè)辦法。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容,尤其是“Thenexttimeyouhearsomeonemispronounceaword,orseeadirtymarkontheirshirt,pointitouttothem—theyprobablywantfeedbackmorethanyouthink.(下次你聽到別人發(fā)錯(cuò)音的時(shí)候，或者在他們的襯衫上看到一個(gè)臟的標(biāo)記，指出給他們看——他們可能比你想象的更需要反饋。)”可推斷，F(xiàn)rancescaGino建議人們要積極給出反饋、提供建議。故選C。DTesla’sself-drivingcarshaverecentlycomeunderinvestigationasareportoncrashesraisesquestionsabouttheirsafety.DespiteTeslaCEOElonMusk’sclaimthattheirAutopilotcapabilitymakestheircars“unequivocally(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.AccordingtoTheWashingtonPost,thenumberofdeathsandseriousinjuriesassociatedwithTesla’sdriver-assistancetechnologyishigherthanpreviouslyreported.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA)recorded736crashessince2019,withatleast17ofthembeingfatal.ThesefiguresincludecrashesinvolvingbothAutopilot,whichallowscarstodriveonhighwayswithouthumanintervention,andthenewerFullSelf-Drivingfeature,whichextendsautomationtocitystreets.However,thesestatisticscan’trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’safetyfeatures.Additionally,whencomparedtothetotalnumberofcarcrashesthatoccurredlastyear,thenumberofcrashesinvolvingdriver-assistancevehiclesappearsrelativelysmall,butactuallyit’snot.Tesla’ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,whilemostaccidentsoccurinmorecomplexenvironmentswithcross-traffic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover,Tesla’scustomerbaseconsistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveincommunitieswithloweraccidentrates.ConcernsareraisedbyTesla’srequesttotheNHTSAnottorevealwhetherAutopilotorFullSelf-Drivingwasinuseduringfatalcrashes.Thislackoftransparency(透明)preventsacomprehensiveanalysisoftheincidentsandraisesquestionsaboutresponsibility.Safetyexaggerations(夸大)combinedwithTesla’saggressivemarketinghaveledtoaccidentscausedbydriversrelyingtooheavilyonthesystem.FullSelf-Drivingdoesnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversareexpectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.However,Tesla’smessagingmaymisleadsomeusersintobelievingotherwise.Whileadriverlessfuturehasthepotentialtobesafer,itiscrucialnottoconvincethepublicthatunderdevelopedcapabilitiesarereadyforwidespreaduse.Teslashouldaddresspastproblems,ensuretheirautomationsetcandetectemergencyvehicles,andbetransparentwiththepublicaboutthelimitationsoftheirtechnology.Rushingtheimplementationofsuchtechnologywithoutaddressingitslimitationscouldleadtoseriousconsequencesontheroad.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutTesla’sdriver-assistance-relatedcrashesfromparagraph2?A.736fatalcasesofself-drivingarerecorded.B.NHTSAfocusedonthecrashesonhighways.C.Thetotalnumberofcarcrashesisextremelysmall.D.Theincidentsavoidedarenotcountedinthecrashstatistics.13.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTesla’ssafetyclaims?A.Theyaresupportedbycomprehensivedata.B.Theyarebasedonlimiteddrivingenvironment.C.Theyarerestrictedtotheexperiencesofsatisfiedcustomers.D.TheyhavebeenproventobeaccurateandreliablebyNHTSA.14.WhatcanweknowaboutFullSelf-Driving?A.Itisill-received. B.Itiswell-developed.C.Itneedsthedrivertostayfocused. D.Itreducestheaccidentsgreatly.15.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthecontentofthistext?A.ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“Self-Driving”CarsB.Tesla’sSelf-DrivingCars:TheSafestOptionofDrivingontheRoadC.TheFutureofSelf-DrivingCars:ACloserLookatTesla’sTechnologyD.ReconstructionandRevolutionofTesla’sAutopilotandFullSelf-Driving【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是特斯拉的自動(dòng)駕駛車輛所受到的一些質(zhì)疑和它自身存在的一些問題。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“However,thesestatisticscan’trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’safetyfeatures.(然而，這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)并不能記錄由于汽車的安全特性而避免的事故。)”可知，避免的事故不計(jì)入撞車統(tǒng)計(jì)。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Tesla’ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,whilemostaccidentsoccurinmorecomplexenvironmentswithcross-traffic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover,Tesla’scustomerbaseconsistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveincommunitieswithloweraccidentrates.(特斯拉的安全聲明缺乏背景，因?yàn)樽詣?dòng)駕駛儀主要是為高速公路設(shè)計(jì)的，而大多數(shù)事故發(fā)生在更復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中，有交叉交通、行人和騎自行車的人。此外，特斯拉的客戶群主要是生活在事故率較低社區(qū)的富裕人士。)”可知，特斯拉的安全聲明是基于有限的駕駛環(huán)境。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“FullSelf-Drivingdoesnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversareexpectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.(全自動(dòng)駕駛不允許汽車完全自動(dòng)駕駛，司機(jī)需要保持注意力，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備干預(yù)。)”可知，全自動(dòng)駕駛需要司機(jī)保持專注。故選C。15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Tesla’sself-drivingcarshaverecentlycomeunderinvestigationasareportoncrashesraisesquestionsabouttheirsafety.DespiteTeslaCEOElonMusk’sclaimthattheirAutopilotcapabilitymakestheircars“unequivocally(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.(特斯拉的自動(dòng)駕駛汽車最近受到調(diào)查，因?yàn)橐环蓐P(guān)于車禍的報(bào)告引發(fā)了對(duì)其安全性的質(zhì)疑。盡管特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官ElonMusk聲稱，他們的自動(dòng)駕駛功能使他們的汽車“絕對(duì)更安全”，但數(shù)據(jù)顯示并非如此。)”及后文的描述可知，本文主要講的是特斯拉的自動(dòng)駕駛車輛所受到的一些質(zhì)疑和它自身存在的一些問題，因此最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“Self-Driving”Cars(圍繞特斯拉“自動(dòng)駕駛”汽車的擔(dān)憂和問題)”。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MakingtheMostofLifeExperiencesIfyouaskanyonewhatthepurposeoflifeis,you’lllikelyreceivewildlydifferentresponses.Theanswerisdeeplypersonalbecausedifferentthingsareimportanttousthroughoutthecourseofourlives.____16____Findingwaystomakethemostofourexperiencesisachallengewefaceeveryday.Herearesomewaystomakeyourexperiencesmeaningful.Followyourdreams.Thenumberonewaytolivealifefreeofregretistofollowyourdreams.Enthusiasmwilldiewithoutactionssupportingthem.____17____Everydaytakeanaction,nomatterhowsmall,toachieveyourgoals.Eachdayisastepforwardandnoneofitiswasted.Makelotsofmistakes.____18____ManyofmystrongestmemoriescomefromthetimesI’vefailed,andthoselessonshavestayedwithme.Failureisbeneficialtous.Andtimeallowsmetoseethevalueofeventhemostpainfulsituation.____19____Difficultandpainfulexperiencesshapeourcharacterbutcanalsoletusfeeldown.Thesestopusfrommovingforward.Somuchofourprogressinlifereliesonwillpowerandahealthystateofmind.Ifyou’reunderstress,yourbodyandmindbothrequiretimetorecover.____20____Forme,lifeisaboutexperiences.Weallhavetodream,workhard,andfailbeforewecanachievesuccess.Maybewe’lldiscoveralongthewaythatthejourneyismoreimportantthanthedestination.A.Takecareofyourself.B.Improveyourpersonality.C.Makingmistakesisthesurestpathtogrowasaperson.D.It’sbesttorest,recover,andslowlybuildbackupyourstrength.E.Yetonethingstayswithusnomatterwherewego:ourexperiences.F.Thoughwetryourbesttomakefewermistakes,itisimpossibletoavoidthem.G.Thoughwecan’tchoosetheresultofouractions,wecanchoosetokeeppursuing.【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.A20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了如何充分利用自己的經(jīng)歷，讓經(jīng)歷變得有意義。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyouaskanyonewhatthepurposeoflifeis,you’lllikelyreceivewildlydifferentresponses.Theanswerisdeeplypersonalbecausedifferentthingsareimportanttousthroughoutthecourseofourlives.(如果你問任何人生活的目的是什么，你可能會(huì)得到截然不同的回答。答案因人而異，因?yàn)樵谖覀兊囊簧校煌氖虑閷?duì)我們都很重要)”以及后文“Findingwaystomakethemostofourexperiencesisachallengewefaceeveryday.Herearesomewaystomakeyourexperiencesmeaningful.(想辦法充分利用我們的經(jīng)歷是我們每天都要面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)。下面是一些讓你的經(jīng)歷變得有意義的方法)”可知，后文提到了利用經(jīng)歷，可見本句是在說明經(jīng)歷的意義。故E選項(xiàng)“然而有一樣?xùn)|西無論我們走到哪里都會(huì)陪伴著我們：那就是我們的經(jīng)歷”符合語境。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thenumberonewaytolivealifefreeofregretistofollowyourdreams.Enthusiasmwilldiewithoutactionssupportingthem.(讓生活沒有遺憾的首要方法就是追隨你的夢(mèng)想。沒有行動(dòng)的支持，熱情就會(huì)消失)”以及后文“Everydaytakeanaction,nomatterhowsmall,toachieveyourgoals.Eachdayisastepforwardandnoneofitiswasted.(每天采取一個(gè)行動(dòng)，不管多小，都要實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。每一天都是前進(jìn)的一步，沒有一分浪費(fèi))”可知，上文提到要追求夢(mèng)想，且付出行動(dòng)，G選項(xiàng)中keeppursuing對(duì)應(yīng)上文中followyourdreams。故G選項(xiàng)“雖然我們不能選擇行為的結(jié)果，但我們可以選擇繼續(xù)追求”符合語境。故選G。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文“ManyofmystrongestmemoriescomefromthetimesI’vefailed,andthoselessonshavestayedwithme.Failureisbeneficialtous.Andtimeallowsmetoseethevalueofeventhemostpainfulsituation.(我的許多最強(qiáng)烈的記憶都來自于我的失敗，這些教訓(xùn)一直伴隨著我。失敗對(duì)我們有益。時(shí)間讓我看到即使是最痛苦的處境的價(jià)值)”可知，本段的主旨是從錯(cuò)誤中成長，故C選項(xiàng)“犯錯(cuò)誤是一個(gè)人成長最可靠的途徑”符合語境。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Difficultandpainfulexperiencesshapeourcharacterbutcanalsoletusfeeldown.Thesestopusfrommovingforward.Somuchofourprogressinlifereliesonwillpowerandahealthystateofmind.(困難和痛苦的經(jīng)歷塑造了我們的性格，但也會(huì)讓我們感到沮喪。這些阻礙了我們前進(jìn)。我們生活中的進(jìn)步很大程度上依賴于意志力和健康的心態(tài))”可知，后文提到了健康的重要性，可見要照顧好自己。故A選項(xiàng)“照顧好自己”符合語境。故選A。20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyou’reunderstress,yourbodyandmindbothrequiretimetorecover.(如果你處于壓力之下，你的身體和精神都需要時(shí)間來恢復(fù))”可知，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說明如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力：休息、恢復(fù)，然后慢慢恢復(fù)體力。故D選項(xiàng)“最好是休息、恢復(fù)，然后慢慢恢復(fù)體力”符合語境。故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Oneofthemostpowerfulforcesofnatureismotherlylove.Itisfoundnotjustinhumansbutis____21____amongmanyothertypesofcreatures.Itiswellknownthemotherbearsarefiercely____22____oftheiryoungandcaneasilyattackany____23____humanbeing.About20yearsago,ahomeless____24____drewinternationalheadlines.InArgentinaamanwaswalkingona____25____nightwhenheheardthecriesofababy.Followingthesound,hefoundanewbornhumanbabybeingwarmedbyadog.Thebaby,whohadbeen____26____byhermother,waslatertakentohospitalwithonlyminor____27____Ananimal'smaternal(母性的)instinctcanbesostrongthatthemotherwilloften____28____herownlifetosaveheryoung.Whencasesofthistypeof____29____arereported,thestoriescanbeheartwarmingor_____30_____,dependingonthecircumstances.OnestoryrelatedtoAustralia'sdeadlywildfirestouchedpeopleacrosstheworld.Afirefighter_____31_____afemalekoala(考拉)lyingontopofheryoung,_____32_____itsbabyfromsmoke.Anotherstoryhowever,endedsadly.Lastyear,peopleinAmericafoundanopossum(負(fù)鼠)thathadbeen_____33_____byacar,lyinginthestreet,but_____34_____thepocketofskinonitsstomachwerenineprotectedbabies,stilldrinkingmilkfromtheirdeadmother'sbody.Theloveofamotherindeedknowsno_____35_____.21.A.complex B.crucial C.specific D.evident22.A.proud B.protective C.skeptical D.sick23.A.threatening B.inspiring C.annoying D.striking24.A.man B.woman C.dog D.bear25.A.hot B.cold C.clear D.quiet26.A.abandoned B.protected C.tended D.wrapped27.A.setbacks B.concerns C.errors D.injuries28.A.cherish B.risk C.lengthen D.change29.A.romances B.fantasies C.sacrifices D.memories30.A.tragic B.funny C.thrilling D.scary31.A.lookedinto B.raninto C.burstinto D.gotinto32.A.distinguishing B.separating C.sheltering D.releasing33.A.seized B.carried C.killed D.stopped34.A.inside B.outside C.over D.beyond35.A.benefits B.boundaries C.resu