2023-2024學(xué)年湖南省永州一中高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語試題 （解析版）

永州一中2024屆高三第一次月考試題英語科第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howwillthewomangototheman’shouse?A.Bytaxi.B.Bytrain.C.Bybus.2.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Havelunchfirst.B.BuyanotherT-shirt.C.Wearwarmerclothes.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Helikesdarkness.B.Heisgoingblind.C.Hecan’tstandthestronglight.4.Wheremaytheconversationtakeplace?A.Inagym.B.Onamountain.C.Athome.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.SelectingaTVprogram.B.Improvingpeople’shealth.C.Livinginthecountryside.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.WhydoesSusanwanttoliveinasmalltown?A.Foraneasyjob.B.Foritsquietenvironment.C.Foritslowhousingprice.7.WhatisChristopherdoingnow?A.Topurchaseahouse.B.Tolandajob.C.Toemployaperson.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個小題。8.Whydoesthewomanthinkyoungpeoplepreferpublictransportation?A.Decreaseinincome.B.Difficultyofparking.C.Convenienceoforderingtaxis.9.Whydoesthewomanlikecars?A.Theyrunfast.B.Theyarefreesometimes.C.Theycangoanywhere.10.Whendidthemangetridofhisvehicle?A.Onemonthago.B.Halfayearago.C.Ayearago.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個小題。11.Whatdoesthemanshowthewoman?A.Hisvisa.B.Hispassport.C.HisIDcard.12.Wheredoesthemanprefertosit?A.Awayfromthewindow.B.Ontheleftsideoftheplane.C.Bytheemergencyexit.13.Whatwillthemandowithhisluggage?A.Takeitwithhim.B.Makeitlighter.C.Checkitin.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第17四個小題。14.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Toreportherachievements.B.Toaskforahigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.15.Howisthebusinessofthecompany?A.Betterthanbefore.B.Asgoodasbefore.C.Worsethanbefore.16.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Hercontributionstothecompany.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Herfinancialpressure.17.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Justso-so.B.Disappointing.C.Content.聽下面一段獨白，回答第18至第20三個小題。18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewpublicswimmingpool?ATherewillbelifeguardstoensuresafety.B.Itwillbebuiltnearthecitypark.C.Theindoorandoutdoorpoolsareseparated.19.WhatisElizabethGreenfield?A.Anofficial.B.Ahostess.C.Areporter.20.Whenwilltheconstructionbefinished?A.InJanuary.B.InApril.C.InMay.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AExploreScenicTrainJourneysThefourmostscenictrainjourneysprovidenotonlybeautifulsceneriesatdestinationcities,butalsocharmingviewsoutsidethetrains’windowsontheway.Route1:XiningtoLhasaLength:around1,900kmDuration:22hoursThistrainrouteisthelongesthighaltitudetraintripintheworld—namedasthewaytothesky.Mostofthisrouteisover4,000metersanditgoesabove5,000metersseveraltimes.AfterthetrainhasleftXiningRailwayStationforaboutanhour,youcanseetheboundlesslake—QinghaiLake.Route2:LhasatoRikazeLength:around250kmDuration:2.5hoursThisrailwayhasanaveragehighaltitudeofabove3,600meters.ItmakesTibettravelmoreconvenientfortravelers,especiallythosewhowanttoseeMountQomolangma.Alongtherailwayline,youcanseelocalfarmersandyaks(牦牛).Andmostofthetime,youcanappreciateaplateau(高原)landscapeofmountainsandmeadows.Route3:ChengdutoKunmingLength:around1,100kmDuration:6hours(high-speedtrain)FromChengdu’splainsarea,withanaltitudeofabout400meters,thetraingoesuptoaltitudesofabout2,000meters,travelingthroughtunnelsandacrossmountains.ThecomplexgeographyalongtherailwaylinegivesthisroutethenameofGeologicalMuseum.Route4:BeijingtoShanghaiLength:around1,300kmDuration:5.5hoursBeijingandShanghaiaretwoofthemostpopularcitiesforforeigntravelerswhocometoChinaforthefirsttime.ItisatripthatcombinessomeofChina’smainurbanlandscapeswithcultivatedcountrysidesceneryandmountainsinbetween.Thenewandmodernfacilitiesonthetrainensureyouhaveacomfortablejourney.1.Whichroutetakestheleasttime?A.LhasatoRikaze. B.ChengdutoKunming.C.XiningtoLhasa. D.BeijingtoShanghai.2WhatmakesRoute3special?A.Itsconveniencefortravelers. B.Itswidepopularityamongforeigners.C.Itscomplicatedgeographyalongtheroute. D.Itsnewandmodernfacilitiesonthetrain.3.Whatdothefourrouteshaveincommon?A.Travelerscanexperiencehighaltitudetraintrips.B.Travelerscanwitnessaplateauviewandsomeyaks.C.TravelerscanappreciatethesceneryofQinghaiLake.D.Travelerscanadmirebeautifulviewsfromthetrainwindows.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了四條風(fēng)景最優(yōu)美的火車之旅。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從每段旅程的“Duration”中可知，Route1:XiningtoLhasa需22小時，Route2:LhasatoRikaze需2.5小時，Route3:ChengdutoKunming需6小時，Route4:BeijingtoShanghai需5.5小時。所以Route2:LhasatoRikaze所需的時間是最少的。故選A項。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Route3:ChengdutoKunming下的段落中“FromChengdu’splainsarea,withanaltitudeofabout400meters,thetraingoesuptoaltitudesofabout2,000meters,travelingthroughtunnelsandacrossmountains.ThecomplexgeographyalongtherailwaylinegivesthisroutethenameofGeologicalMuseum.(從海拔約400米的成都平原地區(qū)出發(fā)，列車將上升到海拔約2000米的地方，穿過隧道和山脈。鐵路沿線復(fù)雜的地理環(huán)境使這條線路被稱為地質(zhì)博物館)”可知，這條鐵路線沿線地形復(fù)雜，被稱為“地質(zhì)博物館”。故選C項。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thefourmostscenictrainjourneysprovidenotonlybeautifulsceneriesatdestinationcities,butalsocharmingviewsoutsidethetrains’windowsontheway.(這四條風(fēng)景最優(yōu)美的火車之旅不僅提供了目的地城市的美景，還提供了沿途車窗外迷人的景色)”可知，旅客們在這四條鐵路線上都可以欣賞到窗外美麗的風(fēng)景。故選D項。BAcrossthegardensofBritain,peoplearebuildingsheds(工棚).Peoplehavegonecrazyaboutsheds.TheTimberTradeFederationreportsthatinOctober,thelastmonthforwhichstatisticswereavailable,importsofsoftwoodwere34%higherthanayearearlier.Withstocks(庫存)runninglow,whatwoodisavailableisquicklysoldout.Agardenshedusedtobemostlyaplacetostoretools,oraplacetodiscusshowtogrowflowersandenjoyteaandsnackswhiletherainfallsoutside,accordingtoMichaelRand,anexpertgardener.Butthecreativebrain-workerhaslongputittomoreproductiveuse.RoaldDahlandDylanThomaswroteinsheds.GeorgeBernardShawhadoneinhisHertfordshiregardenthatfacedthesun.Besidesgrowingflowers,theshedsnowbeingbuiltarealsooftenintendedforwork.However,theyaregranderthantheonesthosepioneershed-writersused.GreenRetreats,whichmostlybuildsgardenoffices,saysthatoverallsalesonbuildingshedsgrewby113%between2019and2020.Largerandfancierstructuresareespeciallypopular.Thishasanimportantimpactoncities.UrbanscholarslikeRichardFloridaandEdwardGlaeserarebusytryingtoworkoutwhethertheriseinhome-workingthathasoccurredduringtheCOVID-19pandemicwillcontinuewhenthevirusdeclines.Ifitdoes,manyservicejobsincities,fromwaiterstotaxidrivers,willdisappear.Publictransportsystemswillstruggle.Thevalueofcity-centrehousingwilldrop.Theshedboommakesthatoutcomemorelikely.Awhite-collarworkerwhohastriedtoworkfromthekitchentableforthepastninemonthsmightbekeentoreturntotheoffice.AworkerwhohasabeautifulgardenshedwithWi-Fiwillnothopeso.JoelBird,whobuildspersonalizedsheds,iscertainthathiscustomersexpectalong-termchangeintheirworkinghabits.“Theydon’tconsiderhome-workingtobetemporary,”hesays.“They’respendingtoomuchmoneyonsheds.”4.WhydidBritainbuymoresoftwoodfromothercountries?A.Softwoodwascheaperthisyear.B.Demandsforshedswereontherise.C.Softwoodsupplierswerefewerthanbefore.D.BritonsstoredsoftwoodlikecrazyduetoCOVID-19.5.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Previousshed-writers. B.Variousfunctionsofsheds.C.Improvementsonshed-building. D.Thedevelopmentofshed-offices.6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Theshedboommightthreateneconomyincities.B.Workersareeagertoreturntoworkintheiroffices.C.Morepeopleprefergardeningintheirbeautifulsheds.D.People’sworkinghabitsremainthesameafterCOVID-19.7.WhatisJoelBird’sattitudetoreturningtoworkinofficeafterCOVID-19?A.Unclear. B.Optimistic. C.Indifferent. D.Pessimistic.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了如今英國流行的在自家的花園棚屋辦公的現(xiàn)象?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“AcrossthegardensofBritain,peoplearebuildingsheds(工棚).Peoplehavegonecrazyaboutsheds.TheTimberTradeFederationreportsthatinOctober,thelastmonthforwhichstatisticswereavailable,importsofsoftwoodwere34%higherthanayearearlier.(在英國的花園中，人們正在建造棚屋。人們?yōu)榕镂荻偪?。木材貿(mào)易聯(lián)合會(TheTimberTradeFederation)報告稱，10月份，也就是可獲得統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的最后一個月，軟木進(jìn)口量比去年同期增長了34%)”可知，英國人“瘋狂地”在花園里搭建棚屋，所以對softwood的需求在增加。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Besidesgrowingflowers,theshedsnowbeingbuiltarealsooftenintendedforwork.However,theyaregranderthantheonesthosepioneershed-writersused.GreenRetreats,whichmostlybuildsgardenoffices,saysthatoverallsalesonbuildingshedsgrewby113%between2019and2020.Largerandfancierstructuresareespeciallypopular.(除了種植花卉，現(xiàn)在正在建造的棚屋也經(jīng)常用于工作。然而，它們比那些先驅(qū)棚戶作家使用的更宏偉。主要建造花園辦公室的GreenRetreats表示，在2019年至2020年期間，建造棚屋的總銷售額增長了113%。更大、更華麗的建筑尤其受歡迎)”可知，作者主要介紹的是現(xiàn)在的棚屋在建設(shè)上的提升。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ifitdoes,manyservicejobsincities,fromwaiterstotaxidrivers,willdisappear.Publictransportsystemswillstruggle.Thevalueofcity-centrehousingwilldrop.Theshedboommakesthatoutcomemorelikely.(如果是這樣的話，城市里從服務(wù)員到出租車司機等許多服務(wù)性工作將會消失。公共交通系統(tǒng)將舉步維艱。市中心房屋的價值將會下降。棚戶區(qū)的繁榮使這種結(jié)果更有可能出現(xiàn))”可知，棚屋的興起可能會對城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來一定的威脅。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“JoelBird,whobuildspersonalizedsheds,iscertainthathiscustomersexpectalong-termchangeintheirworkinghabits.“Theydon’tconsiderhome-workingtobetemporary,”hesays.“They’respendingtoomuchmoneyonsheds.”(建造個性化棚屋的喬爾·伯德(JoelBird)確信，他的客戶希望長期改變他們的工作習(xí)慣?！八麄儾徽J(rèn)為在家工作是暫時的，”他說?！八麄冊谂镂萆匣颂噱X。”)”可推知，他對疫情后回歸辦公室工作是不看好的。故選D。CWhenyouthinkaboutit,foodisanimportantpartofourlives.Familygatheringscenteraroundfoodandthecelebrationofmajorlifeeventsandmilestonesinvolvesfoodinonewayoranother.ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.Foodisimportantandendsupusuallybeingatopicofdiscussionforalmosteverycrew.ThefoodthatwehavehereonISShastomeetmanydifferentrequirements.Whataboutvariety?Howdoyoumeetallofthepeculiaritiesofthepeoplethatyoucomeacross,especiallywhentheyarefromdifferentcultures?Whataboutthelogistics(物流)ofgettingtherightfoodhereattherighttime?Sothereareacoupleofdifferentquestionsyouhavetoconsiderwhenyoutalkaboutfoodandlong-durationspaceflight.OntheU.S.sidewehavegonetoastandardmenu,meaningthatevery16daysyoustartoverwiththesamemenu.Tocompensatethecrews,weareallowedtopickone“preference”containerwhichconsistsofourpickofanythingontheU.S.menulist.Thisallowsussomevarietyinourmenu,withthechoicesuptous.Oneofthedesirableoptionsforanycrewistomakesurethatenoughtortillas(墨西哥玉米粉薄餅)getonboard.Youcandosomuchwithatortilla;itbecomesthevehiclewithwhichtoeatalmostanything.Ourfoodalsocomespackagedinmanyways.Butnomatterwhattheformofthefoodthough,youstillhavethesameproblemeatingit--youdonotwantitflyingawayfromyouandmakingamesswhenyouopenitup.Inthiscasealittlebitofextrawaterisextremelyhelpful.Itkeepsthefoodkindofstickingtogetherandtothepackageandtoyourspoon.Smallthingsdoescapefromtimetotime,butwereallytryhardtominimizetherandomflyingfoodproblem.Thatisenoughfornow!NexttimeIwillwriteabouthowtocookinspace.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Afoodmagazine. B.Anastronaut’sjournal.C.Asci-fihandbook. D.Aspacehistorywebsite.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“peculiarities”meaninparagraph2?A.Ambitioustargets. B.Similarrequests.C.Unusualhabits. D.Harshconditions.10.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtortillas?A.Toillustratethepreferencecontainer. B.Togiveanexampleofstandardmenu.C.Toadvocatetortillastothereaders. D.Toshowthevarietyoffoodoptions.11.Whatcanbeinferredabouteatinginspace?A.Foodpackagingisoptional. B.Sufficientwaterhelpstransportfood.C.Flyingfoodproblemisunavoidable. D.Eatinginspaceiseasierthanmostimagine.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了太空飲食中食物種類、食物包裝等的相關(guān)內(nèi)容?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.(對于在空間站的我們而言也是如此。)”,以及最后一段中的“NexttimeIwillwriteabouthowtocookinspace.(下次我會寫一寫在太空烹飪的事情。)”可以得知,本文以第一人稱來陳述太空飲食方面的內(nèi)容，因此本文應(yīng)該是一篇宇航員的太空日志。故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。第二段第一句提到“ThefoodthatwehavehereonISShastomeetmanydifferentrequirements.Whataboutvariety?”（我們在國際空間站上的食物必須滿足許多不同的要求。多樣性怎么樣?）以及后文中“thepeoplethatyoucomeacross,especiallywhentheyarefromdifferentcultures”（當(dāng)你遇到不同文化背景的人時）由此判斷，在太空中可能會遇見文化習(xí)俗不一樣的宇航員，每一個人的習(xí)慣都有可能不一樣的，對于“你”可能是很正常的，但是對于別人而言有可能不尋常，因此可以得知,peculiarities的意思應(yīng)是“不尋常的習(xí)慣”。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。第三段第二、三句提到“Tocompensatethecrews,weareallowedtopickone“preference”containerwhichconsistsofourpickofanythingontheU.S.menulist.Thisallowsussomevarietyinourmenu,withthechoicesuptous.”（為了補償機組人員，我們可以選擇一個“偏好”集裝箱，其中包括我們在美國菜單上選擇的任何東西。這讓我們在菜單上有了一些多樣性，選擇由我們自己決定。）可以得知，美國宇航員在太空中更喜歡吃玉米粉薄餅，因此作者提到tortillas的用意是舉例解釋宇航員們的“preferencecontainer(偏好食盒)”。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Smallthingsdoescapefromtimetotime,butwereallytryhardtominimizetherandomflyingfoodproblem.(細(xì)小食物的確時不時逃逸出來,但我們盡力把食物亂飛的情況降至最低。)”可以得知，食物亂飛的情況是不可避免的。故選C。DIt’snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedonresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeiscrowdedwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms.Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores,areknowntocausedisease.Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposesthousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfungithatotherwisemightnoteasilybecomeairborne(空氣傳播的).Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplypost-fire.Scientistssaytheorganismsattachtosmokeparticles,allowingthemtotravelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,isinterestedinthetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactuallycauseinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon’tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit’scertainlypossiblethatasignificantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.“Ialwaysthoughtitwastheparticlesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,”saysChen.“ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking:Coulditbethemicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillnesses?”Whetherthemicroorganismsinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory(呼吸的)issues,thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis“certainlyalarming”,saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromparagraph2?A.Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat.B.Theycouldreproduceinlargenumbersafterfires.C.Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves.D.Theycaneasilyattachthemselvestosmokeparticles.13.HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?A.Theymightworsenlungdiseases. B.Theywillcauselunginfections.C.Theywilldestroylivingenvironments. D.Theymightdamagerespiratorysystems.14.Whyarelow-incomepeoplesufferingmorethanothers?A.Theyliveinpoorareas.B.Theydrivetoandfromwork.C.Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease.D.Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Resultsofthenewresearch.B.Suggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality.C.DisagreementsbetweentheauthorandChen.D.Benefitsofpreventingsmokefrompollutingtheair.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為煙霧也可能攜帶和傳播傳染病。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的這一理論基于一項研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)野火煙霧中充滿了數(shù)千種微生物。其中一些微生物會引起疾病。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplypost-fire.(你可能會認(rèn)為火的高溫會殺死這些生物，但文章中提到的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些細(xì)菌甚至?xí)诨鸷蠓敝?”可知，從第二段我們可以了解到有些微生物在火災(zāi)后還能繁殖。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Manybacteriaandfungidon’tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit’scertainlypossiblethatasignificantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.(陳說，許多細(xì)菌和真菌不會引起肺部感染，但對于已經(jīng)存在肺部疾病的人來說，大量的細(xì)菌和真菌肯定會加重癥狀)”可知，陳彼得博士認(rèn)為大多數(shù)微生物可能會加重肺部疾病。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.(杰克說，對于低收入人群來說尤其如此，因為收入較少的人往往更容易受到環(huán)境的影響。如果煙霧影響了某個地區(qū)的空氣質(zhì)量，那么在外面工作的人，或者必須步行或騎自行車去辦公室的人，會比開車的人吸入更多的煙霧)”可知，煙霧會傳播疾病這件事對低收入的人群有更大的影響，是因為他們更多地直接接觸被污染的空氣。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.(但在更多的研究完成之前，陳說，人們能做的最好的事情就是在空氣質(zhì)量差的時候遵循現(xiàn)有的建議，包括呆在室內(nèi)，關(guān)閉門窗，使用高效微?？諝膺^濾器和開空調(diào))”可知，最后一段主要陳述了應(yīng)對被污染空氣的建議。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit’svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast.___16___Isitreallythatimportant?Inasense,itreallymatters.EnergyrestorationTheword“breakfast”comesfrom“breakingthefast”—theideaofendingtheperiodinwhichwedidn’teatduringthenight.Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreservestohealourbodies.___17___So,inthatway,ahealthybreakfastmakessense.WeightmanagementTherearealsomanyoften-quotedstudieswhichseemtolinkastateofobesitywithskippingbreakfast.___18___InaUSstudy,50,000peopleweremonitoredoversevenyears,andthosewhoateahealthybreakfastwerefoundtohavealowerBMI,whichseemstosuggestthatbreakfastmayindeedhelppeoplemaintainahealthyweight.Betterbrainfunction___19___Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguage.Areviewof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,thoughtheeffectsonotherbrainfunctionswereinconclusive.However,oneoftheresearcherssaysthereisreasonableevidencethatbreakfastdoesimproveconcentration.What’smostimportantiswhatweeatforbreakfast.High-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingfoodcravingsandconsumptionlaterintheday.However,studiesfoundthatthereisnoagreementonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier.___20___A.Breakfasthelpsusrefilltheexhaustedstores.B.Thisfeastisnecessarilygivesusanewstart.C.Weight-lossislikelytocausethemhealthproblems.D.Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.E.Thus,itissuggestedthatahealthybreakfastcanregulateandloseweight.F.Manypeoplearerecommendedtomanagetheirweightbyskippingmeals.G.Breakfasttypesdon’tmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.【答案】16.B17.A18.E19.D20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了早餐的作用?！?6題詳解】上文“Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit’svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast.(你是否聽過有人說，“早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”，或者給你建議為什么以健康的早餐開始新的一天是至關(guān)重要的。)”提出有人說早餐的重要性，B項“Thisfeastisnecessarilygivesusanewstart.(這場“盛宴”必然給了我們一個新的開始。)”承接上文，繼續(xù)強調(diào)早餐的作用，上下文語意連貫。故選B項?！?7題詳解】上文“Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreservestohealourbodies.(在我們睡覺時進(jìn)行的再生過程會消耗一些我們的天然食物儲備來治愈我們的身體。)”提出晚上睡覺會消耗身體中的食物儲備，A項“Breakfasthelpsusrefilltheexhaustedstores.(早餐幫助我們補充耗盡的儲備。)”承接上文，說明早餐可以補充消耗的儲備，照應(yīng)主題“Energyrestoration”。故選A項。【18題詳解】上文“Therearealsomanyoften-quotedstudieswhichseemtolinkastateofobesitywithskippingbreakfast.(還有許多經(jīng)常被引用的研究似乎將肥胖狀態(tài)與不吃早餐聯(lián)系起來。)”提出關(guān)于肥胖與早餐的研究，E項“Thus,itissuggestedthatahealthybreakfastcanregulateandloseweight.(因此，表明健康的早餐可以調(diào)節(jié)體重和減肥。)”給出研究的結(jié)論：健康的早餐可以調(diào)節(jié)體重和減肥。上下文語意連貫。故選E項?！?9題詳解】第三段中介紹了健康的早餐可以調(diào)節(jié)體重和減肥，設(shè)空句下文“Breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,includingconcentrationandlanguage.(早餐還能改善大腦功能，包括注意力和語言能力。)”提出新的功能：改善大腦功能。D項“Breakfasthasbeenfoundtoaffectmorethanjustweight.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，早餐影響的不僅僅是體重。)”承上啟下，句中“morethanjustweight”照應(yīng)第三段內(nèi)容。故選D項?！?0題詳解】上文“However,studiesfoundthatthereisnoagreementonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier.(然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于哪種類型的早餐更健康，人們并沒有一致的看法。)”提出對于早餐類型沒有確定的說法，G項“Breakfasttypesdon’tmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.(早餐的種類并不重要，重要的是吃點東西。)”承接上文，說明早餐類型并不重要，但是一定要吃早餐，上下文語意連貫。故選G項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenIwasinsixthgrade,Ijoinedthebandprogramtolearntoplaytheclarinet(單簧管).Thebeginningoftheyearhadgone____21____.Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.Oneday,whenmyteachertoldustoplayinfrontoftheotherstudents.Iwasfilledwithfear.IknewIwould____22____.WhenIbegantoplay,myrhythms(節(jié)奏)weregood,butmytonewasanother____23____.“Didyoupracticeyourlesson?”theteacherbarkedatme.Ifeltsoashamedandmyworldcame____24____downinaninstant.Fromthenon,IhatedplayingtheclarinetandIkeptgetting____25____.Withthedayofthenewperformanceapproaching,Igrewincreasinglyupset.Inamomentof____26____,Iaskedforsickleave.Itwassorelievingandsucha(n)easywayout.Theavoidanceofmylessonscontinueduntilmymumaskedmeaboutit.“Iwanttoquit.”Mytearsstarted____27____.“Ifyoureallywanttoquit,whyareyoucrying?”askedMum.She____28____andIrealizedIwantedtostayinbandand,bynotfacingmyfears,Ihadcreatedablackholethatwouldbedifficultto____29____outof.Imadearesolutionnottohidefrommyfearsandtostanduptoeventheworstofthem,soa_____30_____couldbeachieved.ThenextdayImetwithmybandteacherandtoldherIwashavingaproblemandcouldn’t_____31_____why.Sheaskedmegentlytoplayforher.Itried,butonlyanunpleasantsoundcameout.Shedidn’tshoutatmeandhandedmeanewreed(簧片).Iputitinplaceandtriedagain.Tomygreat_____32_____Icouldplaywell.Myproblemwassolvedandmyfearwas_____33_____alotthatyear.Lookingback,I’mgladthatIovercamemyfear.Fearcan_____34_____everythinginaperson’slife.Hidingfromthoseveryfearsonlycreatesahole,whichmakesapersonstay_____35_____inside.Afterfacinguptoafear,onemayfindlifeeasierandmuchmoreenjoyable.21.A.badly B.endlessly C.randomly D.smoothly22.A.messup B.moveon C.setout D.takeoff23.A.impression B.essay C.story D.factor24.A.crashing B.moving C.selling D.bending25.A.stricter B.worse C.happier D.smarter26.A.joy B.panic C.doubt D.sympathy27.A.drying B.disappearing C.flowing D.separating28.A.hadapoint B.madeachange C.reachedalevel D.tookabreak29.A.send B.bring C.pick D.climb30.A.balance B.degree C.position D.solution31.A.figureout B.giveaway C.thinkover D.makeup32.A.anger B.sorrow C.disappointment D.surprise33.A.felt B.shown C.removed D.voiced34.A.consume B.examine C.reflect D.rescue35.A.unknown B.unpunished C.interested D.trapped【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.A25.B26.B27.C28.A29.D30.D31.A32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過克服了演奏單簧管的恐懼領(lǐng)悟到了恐懼會消耗人的生活，逃避它，只會創(chuàng)造一個無法爬出來的洞，面對它，人生會變得更加輕松和愉快?！?1題詳解】考查副詞短語辨析。句意：年初過得很順利。A.badly糟糕地；B.endlessly無止境地；C.randomly隨機地；D.smoothly順利地。根據(jù)下句“Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.(但隨著大多數(shù)學(xué)生的進(jìn)步，我似乎落后了)”可知，But前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，But后說慢慢地自己落后了，所以這里應(yīng)是說這一年剛開始的時候很順利。故選D。【22題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我知道我會搞砸的。A.messup搞砸，弄糟；B.moveon繼續(xù)前進(jìn)；C.setout出發(fā)；D.takeoff起飛。根據(jù)前句“Iwasfilledwithfear.(我充滿了恐懼。)”可知，作者內(nèi)心恐懼，感覺自己會演奏不好，把事情搞砸。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我開始演奏時，我的節(jié)奏很好，但我的音調(diào)是另一回事。A.impression印象；B.essay文章；C.story故事，描述；D.factor。but前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，前面“myrhythms(節(jié)奏)weregood”講作者的節(jié)奏好，所以這里是說自己的音調(diào)不好。anotherstory意為“另一回事，不同情況(通常指不好的一面)”。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到非常羞愧，我的世界瞬間崩潰了。A.crashing崩潰，坍塌；B.moving移動；C.selling出售；D.bending彎曲。根據(jù)句中的“Ifeltsoashamed”可知，受到老師的指責(zé)后，作者很羞愧，世界崩潰了。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：從那時起，我討厭吹單簧管，而且我越來越糟。A.stricter更嚴(yán)厲的；B.worse更糟的；C.happier更開心的；D.smarter更聰明的。根據(jù)句中的“hatedpla