河北省張家口市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題 答案

張家口市2023—2024學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)第一學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前?？忌鷦?wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wherewillthekidsstay?AInlocalhomes.B.Atthecampsite.C.Inanearbyhotel.2.Howmuchdidthemanpayaltogether?A.12dollars.B.14dollars.C.18dollars.3.WhatisJohn’soriginalplanfortheweekend?A.Togotothezoo.B.Torepairthetreehouse.C.Towatchamovie.4.Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?A.Tomakeanapology.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Tomakeasuggestion.5.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Atthebaker’s.B.Atthechemist’s.C.Atthetailor’s.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthebadnewsfortheman?A.Hewillhavetohaveatoothpulledout.B.Helefthissmartphoneinthedentist’soffice.C.Heneedstomakeanothertriptotheflowershop.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Shopownerandcustomer.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Husbandandwife.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.HowdoesMr.PataohelpJane?A.Byacceptingherinterview.B.Bygivinghersomeadvice.C.Bypolishinghertermpaper.9.Whatispeople’sattitudetowardwaterpollution?A.Theyareunconcernedaboutit.B.Theyarewillingtohelpsolveit.C.Theyareeagertolearnmoreaboutit.10.WhatshouldJanefocusoninherpaper?A.Whatactionpeopleshouldtake.B.Wherethekeytoawarenesslies.C.Howtogetaclearpictureoftheproblem.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhywillSpodebelate?A.Hiscarbrokedown.B.Hehasanaccident.C.Heiscaughtinthetraffic.12.WhatwillTracydoforSpode?A.Sendafile.B.Meetaclient.C.Writeareport.13.Whattimewillthemanagerhaveameeting?A.At9:00.B.At9:30.C.At10:00.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisthewoman?A.Theownerofarestaurant.B.Thehostessofaprogram.C.Theauthorofabest-sellingbook.15.WheredidMr.Pascarellaspendhischildhood?A.InCaserta.B.InNewYork.C.InLondon.16.WhatdoesMr.Pascarelladoasabusiness?A.Hesellscookbooks.B.Hesellspizzaontheroad.C.Hesellsthree-wheeledtrucks.17.WhatgaveMr.PascarellatheinspirationforRicordiD’infanzia?A.Afriend’sadvice.B.Hisfamilypizza.C.ApizzastandinLondon.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhichofthefollowingplacesisinGreece?A.ThePindusmountains.B.TheAdriaticcoast.C.TheBalkancountry.19.HowmanyspeciesdoestheVjosaRiverhost?A.13.B.168.C.Over1,100.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.ThehistoryoftheVjosaRiver.B.TheecosystemoftheVjosaRiver.C.TheprotectionoftheVjosaRiver.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheCEMC(theCentreforEducationinMathematicsandComputing)storybeganin1963whenagroupofsecondaryschoolteachersdevelopedthefirstmathematicscontestinOntario.Fromthatspark,theCEMChasgrownintooneofCanada’sforemostauthoritiesonmathematicsandcomputerscienceforyoungpeople.HousedwithintheFacultyofMathematicsattheUniversityofWaterloo,theCEMCisthelargestorganizationofitskindinCanadawithmorethan40faculty(全體教師)andstaffandhundredsofvolunteers.Ourcontestsarewrittenbystudentsaroundtheworld.DesignedbyteamsofexperteducatorsforGrades5to12,theCEMCcontestsareagreatfitforstudentswitharangeofabilities—fromlearnerswhowanttoexploremathandcomputerscienceanddeveloptheirconfidence,toadvancedstudentswhowanttostretchtheirlimits.Today,ourprogramsandresourcesmakeadifferenceforstudentsandeducatorsaroundtheworld:·Ourfreecoursesreceivel0millionpageviewsannually.·Morethan265000studentsinover80countriesregisterforour15contestseachyear.·1.5millionlearnersandteachersbenefitfromourProblemoftheWeekeachyear.·20,000studentsbenefiteachyearfromtheCEMCVisitsSchoolsprogramatmorethan300schoolsinover15countries.·300teacherspursueadvanceddegreesinourMasterofMathematicsforTeachers(MMT)programeachyear.HowtoGetInvolvedAllstudentsmustparticipatethroughtheirschool.Ifyourschoolhasn’tparticipatedinaCEMCcontest,you’llneedtoapplyforaCEMCschoolaccountonourwebsitebeforeyoucanordercontestsforyourstudents.AlreadyhaveaCEMCschoolaccount?VisitourContestSupervisorPortaltoordercontests,accessresultsandcertificates,downloadcontestinstructionsandmore.1.WhowritestheCEMCcontests?A.VolunteersoftheCEMC. B.Studentsaroundtheworld.C.SecondaryschoolteachersinOntario. D.FacultymembersoftheUniversityofWaterloo.2.WhichprogramoftheCEMChasthelargestnumberofparticipantseachyear?A.TheCEMCcontests. B.ProblemoftheWeek.C.TheCEMCVisitsSchools. D.MasterofMathematicsforTeachers.3.WhatisamusttotakepartintheCEMCcontest?A.ACEMCschoolaccount. B.Anindividualregistration.C.AnMMTteacher’sguidance. D.Awiderangeofacademicabilities.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了CEMC（數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算教育中心）的起源、組織結(jié)構(gòu)和活動(dòng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ourcontestsarewrittenbystudentsaroundtheworld(我們的比賽由世界各地的學(xué)生撰寫(xiě))”可知，CEMC比賽由世界各地的學(xué)生撰寫(xiě)，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Today,ourprogramsandresourcesmakeadifferenceforstudentsandeducatorsaroundtheworld:標(biāo)題下第三行“1.5millionlearnersandteachersbenefitfromourProblemoftheWeekeachyear(每年有150萬(wàn)名學(xué)生和教師受益于我們的每周問(wèn)題)”可知，EMC的項(xiàng)目中，每年的參與者人數(shù)最多的是“每周問(wèn)題”，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Allstudentsmustparticipatethroughtheirschool.Ifyourschoolhasn’tparticipatedinaCEMCcontest,you’llneedtoapplyforaCEMCschoolaccountonourwebsitebeforeyoucanordercontestsforyourstudents.(所有學(xué)生都必須通過(guò)學(xué)校參加。如果您的學(xué)校沒(méi)有參加CEMC比賽，您需要在我們的網(wǎng)站上申請(qǐng)CEMC學(xué)校帳戶，然后才能訂購(gòu)比賽。)”可知，CEMC參賽者必須有一個(gè)CEMC學(xué)校帳戶，故選A項(xiàng)。BDuringoneconversationwithFrankMorrison,hetoldmethatwhenhewasachildhisfavoritepastimewasdrawingonthepiecesofwhiteandtancardboardthatcamewithhismother’spantyhose(連褲襪)containers.Frank’sgoalwastodraw,andhefoundwaystomakethathappen.Thisexamplespeakstothedeterminationhehasdemonstratedthroughouthislifesothathecouldfollowhisdreams,makeadifference,andinspireothers.IfirstmetFrankataconferencein2015.IwasworkingatLittleBeeBooksatthetime.Iwentoverandintroducedmyself.Ididn’thaveaprojectinhandforhimatthetime,butIgaveFranksomebackgroundinformationaboutLittleBeeBooksandtoldhimthatIhopedhewouldconsiderworkingwithussomeday.Severalmonthslater,Ihadtheperfectmanuscript(手稿)forhimtoillustrate:TheRootsofRap:16Barsonthe4PillarsofHip-Hop,writtenbyCaroleBostonWeatherford.Thefabuloustextwasalovelettertothepioneersofhip-hop,andFrankwasimmediatelytakenwiththemanuscriptbecauseCarole,withwhomheadoredworking,hadwrittenit;andFrankgrewupwiththisculture.ThefirsttimeFrankandhisbrotherheardrapmusicwasintheirgrandmother’sbackyard,viaaone-speakerradio.Franksaidthat“thebeatswereimpressive”.Uptothispointtheyhadbeenlisteningtowhattheirparentslistenedto.Theyfoundfamiliarbeatsinhip-hopbecauseitfeltlikearemixoftheirparents’music.LookingthroughFrank’sbooksislikewalkingthroughanartgallery.Hecantransportyoutoanothertimeorputyouinthemiddleofaculturalmovement,whilemakingtheconnectionbetweenpastandpresent.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutFrankfromparagraph1?A.Hedreamedofinspiringothers.B.Hemanagedtofindsomethingtodrawon.C.Helikedthepicturesonpantyhosecontainers.D.Hewasspokenhighlyofforhisdetermination.5.Whatdidtheauthordoin2015?A.HeofferedtojoininFrank’sproject.B.HeaskedFranktosignLittleBeeBooks.C.HeexpressedhisexpectationtoworkwithFrank.D.HegotsomebackgroundinformationaboutFrank.6.HowdidFranklikerap?A.Helikeditallthetime.B.Hefounditsbeatshardtobear.C.Hethoughtitlesspopularthanhip-hop.D.Heconsideredithelpfulforpersonalgrowth.7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutFrank’sillustrationsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyareshowninagallery. B.Theyconnectuswithhistory.C.Theyhavestartedaculturalmovement. D.Theychangedpeople’sideasaboutthepast.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章主要介紹了FrankMorrison的生平事跡和藝術(shù)成就，講述了Morrison的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷、職業(yè)生涯和個(gè)人成就，展現(xiàn)了他作為一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的才華和貢獻(xiàn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“DuringoneconversationwithFrankMorrison,hetoldmethatwhenhewasachildhisfavoritepastimewasdrawingonthepiecesofwhiteandtancardboardthatcamewithhismother’spantyhose(連褲襪)containers.Frank’sgoalwastodraw,andhefoundwaystomakethathappen.(在與FrankMorrison的一次談話中，他告訴我，當(dāng)他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他最喜歡的消遣是在他母親的連褲襪容器附帶的白色和棕色硬紙板上畫(huà)畫(huà)。Frank的目標(biāo)是畫(huà)畫(huà)，他找到了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)的方法。)”可知，F(xiàn)rank找到了可以在上面繪畫(huà)的東西。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“IfirstmetFrankataconferencein2015.IwasworkingatLittleBeeBooksatthetime.Iwentoverandintroducedmyself.Ididn’thaveaprojectinhandforhimatthetime,butIgaveFranksomebackgroundinformationaboutLittleBeeBooksandtoldhimthatIhopedhewouldconsiderworkingwithussomeday.(我第一次見(jiàn)到Frank是在2015年的一次會(huì)議上。當(dāng)時(shí)我在LittleBe電子書(shū)公司工作。我走過(guò)去自我介紹。當(dāng)時(shí)我手頭上沒(méi)有項(xiàng)目要交給他，但我給了Frank一些關(guān)于LittleBe電子書(shū)的背景信息，并告訴他我希望他有一天能考慮和我們合作。)”可知，在2015年作者向Frank表達(dá)了希望和他合作的期望。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Severalmonthslater,Ihadtheperfectmanuscript(手稿)forhimtoillustrate:TheRootsofRap:16Barsonthe4PillarsofHip-Hop,writtenbyCaroleBostonWeatherford.Thefabuloustextwasalovelettertothepioneersofhip-hop,andFrankwasimmediatelytakenwiththemanuscriptbecauseCarole,withwhomheadoredworking,hadwrittenit;andFrankgrewupwiththisculture.(幾個(gè)月后，我有了一份完美的手稿供他舉例說(shuō)明：《說(shuō)唱的根源：嘻哈的四大支柱上的16個(gè)酒吧》，作者CaroleBostonWeatherford。這段美妙的文字是一封寫(xiě)給嘻哈音樂(lè)先驅(qū)們的情書(shū)，F(xiàn)rank立刻被手稿迷住了，因?yàn)檫@是Carole寫(xiě)的，他很喜歡和Carole一起工作;；Frank就是在這種文化中長(zhǎng)大的。)”可知，F(xiàn)rank認(rèn)為嘻哈音樂(lè)對(duì)自己的成長(zhǎng)有幫助。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“LookingthroughFrank’sbooksislikewalkingthroughanartgallery.Hecantransportyoutoanothertimeorputyouinthemiddleofaculturalmovement,whilemakingtheconnectionbetweenpastandpresent.(看Frank的書(shū)就像在參觀美術(shù)館。他可以把你帶到另一個(gè)時(shí)代，或者把你置身于一場(chǎng)文化運(yùn)動(dòng)中，同時(shí)把過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)。)”可知，F(xiàn)rank的插圖能將我們帶到一個(gè)時(shí)代，或者置身于一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，將過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故選B。CLabelingcanbeveryhelpfulwhendeterminingcertainthingsaboutafooditem.“USDA(UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture)Organic”and“raisedwithoutantibiotics(抗生素)”,forexample,havespecificstandards,andtheproductwillneedtobetruetothoseclaims.Naturalclaimslike“allnatural”,“100%natural”,and“madewithnaturalingredients(成分)”arenotdefinedinUSDA.TheUSDAmustapprovethesespecialclaimspriortofoodbeingsold,buttheonlystandardtheymustmeetisthatartificialingredientsorcolorscannotbeaddedduringprocessing,andtheprocessingmethodcannotfundamentallyaltertheproduct.Whilethatiscertainlyvaluableinformationtoknow,theproblemisinconsumers’understandingofwhat“natural”means.Thedefinitionsdonotaddresshumanhealth,theuseofsyntheticpesticides(合成殺蟲(chóng)劑),hormones,orantibioticsincropandlivestockproduction.Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas“natural”deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyoffoods.Ina2010study,respondentsbelievedthatmeatproductslabeledas“allnatural”meantnoantibioticsorhormoneswereusedtoraisetheanimals.Somealsobelievedthelabelmeantanimalswereraisedfreerange.Consumersaren’tgettingwhattheythinkthey’regetting.Butthemoreseriousproblemishowthisharmsfoodproducerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsformorestrictlabelsthatareactuallydoinggood,likeonesaroundorganicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingtheworkendupatacompetitivedisadvantageinthemarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabelednaturalasalike.Theeconomicproblemraisedbynaturallabelsisthatconsumerscouldbepayingextraforproductbenefitstheyarenotreceivingwhileproducersofproductswiththosebenefitslosesales.8.Whichofthefollowingisundefinedbyauthorities?A.USDAorganic. B.Allnatural.C.Artificialcolorfree. D.Raisedwithoutantibiotics.9.Whatmistakemayaconsumermakeaccordingtothetext?A.Beingunawareoffoodsafety.B.Payingmoreonover-processedfood.C.BuyingfoodfailingtomeettheUSDAstandards.D.Misunderstandingwhatisclaimedonafoodlabel.10.Whyarethetwostudiesmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toadvocatesensibleconsumerbehavior.B.Tosuggestapossiblesolutiontoaproblem.C.Toprovideevidencefortheauthor’spointofview.D.Todemonstratehowfarstudiesonfoodsafetyhavegone.11.Whatisaconsequenceoftheproblemdiscussedinthetext?A.Wastingresources. B.Amarketcrash. C.Cheating. D.Unfairness.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了食品標(biāo)簽對(duì)消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)者的影響。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Naturalclaimslike“allnatural”,“100%natural”,and“madewithnaturalingredients(成分)”arenotdefinedinUSDA.(像“全天然”、“100%天然”和“天然成分”這樣的天然說(shuō)法在美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部沒(méi)有定義。)”可知，選項(xiàng)B“Allnatural(純天然的)”是權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)未定義的。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas“natural”deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.(關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們認(rèn)為標(biāo)有“天然”的產(chǎn)品所帶來(lái)的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)它的作用。大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為天然食品對(duì)健康和環(huán)境有益。)”以及第四段“Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyoffoods.(在2017年的一項(xiàng)研究中，受訪者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，在各種食物中，天然標(biāo)簽食品的卡路里含量減少了18%。)”可知，消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)誤解食品標(biāo)簽上的內(nèi)容。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ina2017study,respondentsincorrectlybelievedthatnatural-labeledfoodshad18percentfewercaloriesacrossavarietyoffoods.Ina2010study,respondentsbelievedthatmeatproductslabeledas“allnatural”meantnoantibioticsorhormoneswereusedtoraisetheanimals.Somealsobelievedthelabelmeantanimalswereraisedfreerange.(在2017年的一項(xiàng)研究中，受訪者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，在各種食物中，天然標(biāo)簽食品的卡路里含量減少了18%。在2010年的一項(xiàng)研究中，受訪者認(rèn)為，標(biāo)有“全天然”的肉制品意味著沒(méi)有使用抗生素或激素來(lái)飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。一些人還認(rèn)為，這個(gè)標(biāo)簽意味著動(dòng)物是在自由放養(yǎng)的。)”可推測(cè)，第四段的兩項(xiàng)研究都是為了論證作者在第三段提到的觀點(diǎn)“Studyafterstudyonthetopicrevealsthatpeoplethinkaproductlabeledas“natural”deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Mostconsumersmistakenlyassignhealthandenvironmentalbenefitstonatural-labeledfood.(關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們認(rèn)為標(biāo)有“天然”的產(chǎn)品所帶來(lái)的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)它的作用。大多數(shù)消費(fèi)者錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為天然食品對(duì)健康和環(huán)境有益。)”。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Consumersaren’tgettingwhattheythinkthey’regetting.Butthemoreseriousproblemishowthisharmsfoodproducerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsformorestrictlabelsthatareactuallydoinggood,likeonesaroundorganicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingtheworkendupatacompetitivedisadvantageinthemarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabelednaturalasalike.Theeconomicproblemraisedbynaturallabelsisthatconsumerscouldbepayingextraforproductbenefitstheyarenotreceivingwhileproducersofproductswiththosebenefitslosesales.(消費(fèi)者并沒(méi)有得到他們認(rèn)為得到的東西。但更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題是，這對(duì)那些實(shí)際上符合更嚴(yán)格標(biāo)簽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品生產(chǎn)商造成了怎樣的傷害，這些生產(chǎn)商實(shí)際上是在做好事，比如圍繞有機(jī)實(shí)踐或動(dòng)物福利的食品生產(chǎn)商。如果消費(fèi)者把標(biāo)著“天然”的食品當(dāng)成一樣對(duì)待，那么從事這項(xiàng)工作的農(nóng)民和生產(chǎn)者最終會(huì)在市場(chǎng)上處于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劣勢(shì)。天然標(biāo)簽帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題是，消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)為他們沒(méi)有得到的產(chǎn)品好處支付額外的費(fèi)用，而擁有這些好處的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)商則會(huì)失去銷售。)”可知，這一問(wèn)題造成的更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題是，這對(duì)那些實(shí)際上符合更嚴(yán)格標(biāo)簽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的食品生產(chǎn)商處于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劣勢(shì)，即不公平。故選D。DArtificialGeneralIntelligence(AGI)isabranchoftheoreticalartificialintelligence(AI)researchworkingtodevelopAIwithahumanlevelofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)function,includingtheabilitytoself-teach.Thepaperclip(回形針)maximizer(PM)isanimaginaryAGI,whoseonlygoalistomaximizethenumberofpaperclipsinexistenceintheuniverse.ThepaperclipmaximizerisanimportantconceptindiscussionsaboutthedangersofAGI.Itgoessomethinglikethis:anartificialintelligenceiscreatedatapaperclipfactoryinordertofullyautomateit.Producingpaperclipsrequiresmanyroutineoperations,forinstance,communicatingwithdeliverydriversorcompanymanagement.Theseoperationsrequirehuman-levelperformanceacrossawidevarietyofskills,sotheintelligenceismadetobeabletodoanytasknearlyaswellasahuman.ThePMcanviewandmodifyitsownsourcecodetoimproveitself,accesstheInternet,andpossiblyordermorehardwareforitself.Itcanimproveitselfifitnoticesanyissuesoropportunitiestooperatebetter.Humanshavealargevarietyofbiologicaldesires.Incontrast,thepaperclipmaximizerhasasinglefinalgoaltomaximizethenumberofpaperclips.Thisscenario(設(shè)想)leadstoadisaster:thePMrealizesthatbeingmoreintelligentwouldhelpitcreatemorepaperclips.TherearecertainlysmallthingsthePMcandotobecomemoreintelligent.Forexample,itcanmakeasmallsourcecodeimprovementtoitself.AsthePMimproves,itbecomesfarsuperiortoahumaninallskills,evenskillsremotelyrelevanttopaperclipmaximization.Forinstance,itmaydeterminethatthebestcourseofactionistogaincontrolofAustralianpolitics,inordertoaccessthecountry’srichironresources.Todothis,itmighttrytotuneitselftobecomethebestpsychologicalcontrollerofalltime,whichinturninvolvesavarietyofskillsthatatfirstseemunrelatedtopaperclip-making.12.WhatisafeatureofAGI?A.Wideexistence. B.Human-likeappearance.C.Highcognitivefunction. D.Lackofself-teachingability.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modify”meaninparagraph4?A.Download. B.Delete. C.Change. D.Store.14.WhatmaythePMdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Takeunintendedactions. B.Developanunrelatedproduct.C.Controlundesiredresources. D.Giveintoanunexpectedcontroller.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ManagementofStaff B.AnAutomatedFactoryC.TheFinalGoalofAGI D.ThePaperclipMaximizer【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了通用人工智能以及回形針最大化器的概念?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ArtificialGeneralIntelligence(AGI)isabranchoftheoreticalartificialintelligence(AI)researchworkingtodevelopAIwithahumanlevelofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)function,includingtheabilitytoself-teach.(通用人工智能(AGI)是理論人工智能(AI)研究的一個(gè)分支，致力于開(kāi)發(fā)具有人類認(rèn)知功能(包括自學(xué)能力)的人工智能。)”可知，通用人工智能的特點(diǎn)是具有人類認(rèn)知功能。故選C。【13題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下一句“Itcanimproveitselfifitnoticesanyissuesoropportunitiestooperatebetter.(如果它注意到任何問(wèn)題或更好地操作的機(jī)會(huì)，它可以改進(jìn)自己。)”可知，PM注意到問(wèn)題或更好地操作的機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候，它可以改進(jìn)自己。由此可知，它可以查看和“修改”自己的源代碼以改進(jìn)自己。選項(xiàng)A“Download(下載)”；選項(xiàng)B“Delete(刪除)”；選項(xiàng)C“Change(改變)”；選項(xiàng)D“Store(儲(chǔ)存)”。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Forexample,itcanmakeasmallsourcecodeimprovementtoitself.AsthePMimproves,itbecomesfarsuperiortoahumaninallskills,evenskillsremotelyrelevanttopaperclipmaximization.Forinstance,itmaydeterminethatthebestcourseofactionistogaincontrolofAustralianpolitics,inordertoaccessthecountry’srichironresources.Todothis,itmighttrytotuneitselftobecomethebestpsychologicalcontrollerofalltime,whichinturninvolvesavarietyofskillsthatatfirstseemunrelatedtopaperclip-making.(例如，它可以對(duì)自己的源代碼做一個(gè)小的改進(jìn)。隨著PM的進(jìn)步，它在所有技能上都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于人類，甚至是與回形針最大化相關(guān)的技能。例如，它可能認(rèn)為，最好的做法是控制澳大利亞的政治，以獲取該國(guó)豐富的鐵資源。為了做到這一點(diǎn)，它可能會(huì)試圖調(diào)整自己成為有史以來(lái)最好的心理控制者，這反過(guò)來(lái)又涉及到各種各樣的技能，這些技能乍一看似乎與制作回形針無(wú)關(guān)。)”可知，PM為了制作最大量的回形針有可能會(huì)采取意想不到的行動(dòng)。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了被稱為“回形針最大化器”的概念，這是一個(gè)假想的AGI，其唯一的目標(biāo)是在宇宙中最大化回形針的數(shù)量。因此，最適合本文的標(biāo)題是“回形針最大化器”。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatifItoldyouthathavinglessstuffcouldmakeyouahappierperson?____16____That’sbecauseeverydaywereceivethousandsofmessagestothecontrary:buythis,andyou’llbeprettier;ownthis,andyou’llbemoresuccessful;acquirethis,andyourhappinesswillknownobounds.____17____Sowemustbehappy,right?Formostofus,theansweris“no”.Infact,manyoftheseitems,andtheiremptypromises,areslowlytakingthemoneyoutofourpockets,themagicoutofourrelationships,andthejoyoutofourlives.Doyoueverlookaroundyourhouse，atallthethingsyou’vegot,andfeeloverwhelmedinsteadofoverjoyed?Areyoustrugglingwithcreditcarddebt,andcanbarelyrecallthepurchasesonwhichyou’remakingpayments?Doyousecretlywishstrongwindwouldblowthemessoutofyourhome?____18____Mostpeopleheartheword“minimalism”andthinkof“empty”.Thewordisusuallyassociatedwithloss.Butlookat“empty”fromanotherangle.Nowyouhave“space”.Spaceinourhomes,spaceinourschedules,spacetothink,play,create,andhavefunwithourfamilies...____19____Wecan’tenjoyfreshcoffeewhenoldgroundsareinourcup;andwecan’tshowcaseourgarden’sbloomswhenwilted(枯萎的)flowersfillthevase.Similarly,whenourhomes—thecontainersofourdailylives—areoverpacked,oursoulstakeabackseattoourstuff.____20____Becomingminimalists,however,putsusincontrolofourstuff.It’spositivelyliberating!A.YoumaythinkIamcrazy.B.Nowthat’sthebeautyofminimalism.C.Youhavespaceforeverythingyoubought.D.Ofcourse,allthesequestionscanbeanswered.E.Well,we’veboughtthis,that,andtheotherthing.F.Ifso,thenaminimalistlifestylemaywellbeyourchoice.G.Wenolongerhavethetime,energy,andspacefornewexperiences.【答案】16.A17.E18.F19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式以及其對(duì)人們的影響?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“WhatifItoldyouthathavinglessstuffcouldmakeyouahappierperson?(如果我告訴你擁有更少的東西可以讓你成為一個(gè)更快樂(lè)的人呢？)”以及空后的“That’sbecauseeverydaywereceivethousandsofmessagestothecontrary:buythis,andyou’llbeprettier;ownthis,andyou’llbemoresuccessful;acquirethis,andyourhappinesswillknownobounds(這是因?yàn)槲覀兠刻於紩?huì)收到成千上萬(wàn)條相反的信息:買這個(gè)，你會(huì)更漂亮；擁有這一點(diǎn)，你會(huì)更成功；掌握了這一點(diǎn)，你的幸福就會(huì)無(wú)限。)”可知，空前空后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A“YoumaythinkIamcrazy.(你可能認(rèn)為我瘋了。)”承上啟下，承接上文內(nèi)容表明你可能不贊成這樣的想法，同時(shí)引出下文內(nèi)容，指出不贊同這一想法的原因。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Sowemustbehappy,right?Formostofus,theansweris“no”.(所以我們一定是快樂(lè)的，對(duì)嗎？對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，答案是否定的。)”可推斷，空處應(yīng)該指的是大眾認(rèn)為我們做了就會(huì)快樂(lè)的事情，也就是第一段最后的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)E“Well,we’veboughtthis,that,andtheotherthing.(嗯，我們買了這個(gè)，那個(gè)，還有那個(gè)。)”延續(xù)第一段最后的內(nèi)容，指的是我們聽(tīng)從各種信息，購(gòu)買了很多東西，但是我們真的就會(huì)快樂(lè)嗎？由此因此下文內(nèi)容，指出買各種東西并不能讓我們快樂(lè)。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Doyoueverlookaroundyourhouse，atallthethingsyou’vegot,andfeeloverwhelmedinsteadofoverjoyed?Areyoustrugglingwithcreditcarddebt,andcanbarelyrecallthepurchasesonwhichyou’remakingpayments?Doyousecretlywishstrongwindwouldblowthemessoutofyourhome?(你是否曾經(jīng)環(huán)顧你的房子，看到你擁有的所有東西，感到不知所措，而不是欣喜若狂？你是否在信用卡債務(wù)中掙扎，幾乎不記得你支付過(guò)的購(gòu)物？你是否暗自希望強(qiáng)風(fēng)能把你家里亂七八糟的東西吹走？)”可知，上文描述了過(guò)度購(gòu)買之后所陷入的困境。選項(xiàng)F“Ifso,thenaminimalistlifestylemaywellbeyourchoice.(如果是這樣，那么極簡(jiǎn)主義的生活方式很可能是你的選擇。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的是如果已經(jīng)意識(shí)到過(guò)度購(gòu)買并不能讓自己開(kāi)心，那么可以選擇極簡(jiǎn)主義的生活方式。故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Butlookat“empty”fromanotherangle.Nowyouhave“space”.Spaceinourhomes,spaceinourschedules,spacetothink,play,create,andhavefunwithourfamilies...(但是從另一個(gè)角度來(lái)看“空”?，F(xiàn)在你有了“空間”。我們家里的空間，我們?nèi)粘瘫砩系目臻g，思考、玩耍、創(chuàng)造和與家人玩樂(lè)的空間……)”可知，上文講述的是極簡(jiǎn)主義帶來(lái)的好處。選項(xiàng)B“Nowthat’sthebeautyofminimalism.(這就是極簡(jiǎn)主義的美妙之處。)”是上文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，指出極簡(jiǎn)主義的美妙。故選B。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Similarly,whenourhomes—thecontainersofourdailylives—areoverpacked,oursoulstakeabackseattoourstuff.(同樣，當(dāng)我們的家——我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹娜萜鳌粩D得滿滿的時(shí)候，我們的靈魂就會(huì)讓位于我們的物質(zhì)。)”可知，當(dāng)我們的家被擠得滿滿的時(shí)候，我們的靈魂就沒(méi)有位置做其他事。選項(xiàng)G“Wenolongerhavethetime,energy,andspacefornewexperiences.(我們不再有時(shí)間、精力和空間去體驗(yàn)新事物。)”是上文內(nèi)容的自然延續(xù)，指的是當(dāng)我們的靈魂讓位于我們的物質(zhì)時(shí)，我們就不會(huì)有時(shí)間、精力和空間去體驗(yàn)新事物。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenCaseywasgrowingup,helovedwatchinghiselderbrotherperformasamemberoftheirschool’smarchingband.Caseyalways____21____theperformancesoftheband,andasatrumpetplayer,he____22____followinginhisbrother’sfootstepswhenhegottoSouthmooreHighSchool.Unfortunately,Caseywasbornwithspinabifida(脊柱裂)andusesawheelchair.Whenhe____23____hisdreamwiththeschool’sdirectorofbands,Adam,hewassurprisedbyAdam’s____24____.Hehadn’texpectedthatAdamwas____25____togotogreatlengthstomakehisideahappen!“I’veseenstudentsinwheelchairsinbandprogramsbuttheyusuallyjust____26____theirinstrumentssetbythem.IfeellikeIcouldprobablydoalittlemorethanthat,”Adamsaid.Evenwithhisdirector’s____27____,Caseywasn’tsurehe’devergetoffthesidelines.However,heunderestimatedhow____28____histeacherwas.Adamwasdeterminedtohelpeverystudentgetthefullmarchingband____29____.Bytheirnextrehearsal(排練),Adamhadalready_____30_____awaytogetCaseyonthefield!SinceAdamspenthisownschoolyearsinmarchingbandandalreadyknewthe_____31_____well,hevolunteeredto_____32_____Casey’swheelchairduringperformances.Theystartedoffsmall,buteveryyearthey’veincreasedCasey’s_____33_____.Thisyear,Caseywasabletofulfillhisdreamofplayingfortheentireshow,rightnexttohisbandmates.Adamhopesotherteacherswill_____34_____Caseyandfindwaysto_____35_____allstudentsinotherschoolactivities,too!AsforCasey,he’shavingthetimeofhislife,allthankstooneexcellenteducator.21.A.demonstrated B.ignored C.admired D.evaluated22.A.insistedon B.dreamedof C.kepton D.approvedof23.A.realized B.suspected C.connected D.shared24.A.talent B.response C.toughness D.style25.A.willing B.satisfied C.afraid D.sorry26.A.watch B.play C.borrow D.accept27.A.support B.preference C.expectation D.recommendation28.A.serious B.capable C.devoted D.strict29.A.impression B.permission C.confidence D.experience30.A.putupwith B.livedwith C.comeupwith D.dealtwith31.A.routines B.examples C.feelings D.advantages32.A.repair B.park C.push D.return33.A.participation B.interest C.responsibility D.pressure34.A.help B.contact C.encourage D.see35.A.educate B.include C.join D.discover【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.B27.