大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（一）Classified

advertising

is

that

advertising

which

is

grouped

in

certain

sections

of

the

paper

and

is

thus

distinguished

from

display

advertising.

Such

groupings

as

“Help

Wanted”,

“Real

Estate”,

“Lost

and

Found”

are

made,

the

rate

charged

being

less

than

for

display

advertising.

Classified

advertisements

are

a

convenience

to

the

reader

and

a

saving

to

the

advertiser.

The

reader

who

is

interested

in

a

particular

kind

of

advertisement

finds

all

advertisements

of

that

type

grouped

for

him.

The

advertisers

may,

on

this

account,

use

a

very

small

advertisement

if

it

were

placed

among

larger

advertisements

in

the

paper.

It

is

evident

that

the

reader

approaches

the

classified

advertisement

in

a

different

frame

of

mind

from

that

in

which

he

approaches

the

other

advertisements

in

the

paper.

He

turns

to

a

page

of

classified

advertisements

to

search

for

the

particular

advertisement

that

will

meet

his

needs.

As

his

attention

is

voluntary,

the

advertiser

does

not

need

to

rely

too

much

extent

on

display

type

to

get

the

reader’s

attention.

Formerly

all

classified

advertisements

were

of

the

same

size

and

did

not

have

display

type.

With

the

increase

in

the

number

of

such

advertisements,

however,

each

advertiser

within

a

certain

group

is

competing

with

others

in

the

same

group

for

the

reader’s

attention.

In

many

cases,

the

result

has

been

an

increase

in

the

size

of

the

space

used

and

the

addition

of

headlines

and

pictures.

In

that

way,

the

classified

advertisement

has

in

reality

advertisement.

This

is

particularly

true

of

real

estate

advertising?

1.

All

of

the

following

facts

are

advantages

of

classified

advertisement

for

advertisers

EXCEPT

that

____.

A)

classified

advertisement

charges

less

money

B)

it

is

easier

to

attract

the

attention

of

the

target

consumers

C)

it

provides

more

information

for

the

readers

D)

it

does

not

have

to

rely

too

much

on

display

type

2.

One

of

the

examples

given

of

types

of

classified

advertisement

is

____

A)

houses

for

sale

B)

people

who

are

asking

for

help

C)

people

who

are

lost

D)

job

vacancies

3.

What

sort

of

attitude

do

people

have

when

they

look

at

classified

advertisement,

according

to

the

writer?

A)

They

are

in

the

frame

of

mind

to

buy

anything.

B)

They

are

looking

for

something

they

need.

C)

They

feel

lost

because

there

are

so

many

advertisements.

D)

They

feel

the

same

as

when

they

look

at

display

advertisements.

4．According

to

the

passage,

in

which

way

have

the

classified

advertisements

changed

nowadays?

A)

They

depend

more

on

display

type.

B)

More

money

is

charged

for

them.

C)

They

are

divided

into

more

groups.

D)

They

are

less

formal.

D)

Be

more

lenient

to

students

when

mistakes

are

made.

4.

It

can

be

inferred

from

the

passage

that

major

universities

are

trying

to

tighten

their

grading

standards

because

they

believe

____.

A)

rewarding

poor

performance

may

kill

the

creativity

of

students’

B)

punishment

is

more

effective

than

rewarding

C)

failing

uninspired

students

helps

improve

their

overall

academic

standards

D)

discouraging

the

students

anticipation

for

easy

rewards

is

matter

of

urgency

5．Which

of

the

following

facts

about

“token

economics”

is

not

correct?

A)

Students

are

assigned

challenging

tasks.

B)

Rewards

are

given

for

good

performances.

C)

Students

are

evaluated

according

to

the

effort

they

put

into

the

task.

D)

With

token

economics,

students’

creativity

can

be

enhanced.

答案與解析：

1.

D

心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為外界的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生會(huì)有不同的影響。事實(shí)辨析題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Psychologists

take

opposing

views

of

how

external

re

wards,

from

warm

praise

to

old

cash,

affect

motivation

and

creativity”可知，心理學(xué)家的分歧在于來(lái)自外界的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生的積極性和創(chuàng)造性究竟有什么影響，故選項(xiàng)D正確.

2.

C

許多教育家對(duì)外界的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)持懷疑態(tài)度。

文章第二段第一句話提到，后一種觀點(diǎn)得到了許多教育工作者的支持，從第一段中可知，后一種觀點(diǎn)是：獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)會(huì)促使學(xué)生對(duì)別人的贊許和饋贈(zèng)產(chǎn)生依賴心理，因此獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)會(huì)破壞創(chuàng)造精神。由此可知，他們對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的正面作用持懷疑態(tài)度。故選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.

A

根據(jù)文中的研究結(jié)果表明，教育家通過(guò)給予學(xué)生應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)提高他們的積極性和創(chuàng)造性。文章第三段指出，給予學(xué)生恰當(dāng)?shù)莫?jiǎng)勵(lì)，可使他們發(fā)揮更大的創(chuàng)造性，但如果對(duì)糟糕的表現(xiàn)也給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，或讓學(xué)生對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有太多的期許，反而會(huì)扼殺創(chuàng)造性。故選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.

B

從文中可以得知，一些重點(diǎn)大學(xué)試圖加強(qiáng)等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈艖土P比獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)更有效。事實(shí)辨析題。從文中第四段可知，許多大學(xué)之所以嚴(yán)格考試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是因?yàn)椤癆

teacher

...

who

hands

out

high

grades

for

ordinary

achievement

ends

up

with

uninspired

students”。選項(xiàng)B

與此意相同。

5.

C

根據(jù)學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)對(duì)他們作出評(píng)價(jià)。事實(shí)辨析題。根據(jù)最后一段的意思，在這種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度下，要根據(jù)學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)對(duì)他們做出評(píng)價(jià)，而不僅僅是他們花費(fèi)了多少精力來(lái)完成任務(wù)，故選項(xiàng)C正確。

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（三）

country.This

may

occur

as

an

attempt

to

over-identify

with

the

new

culture

in

order

to

be

accepted

by

the

people

in

it.

1.The

expression

"he

or

she

is

like

fish

out

of

water"suggests

______.

a.people

away

from

their

cultures

can

hardly

survive

in

a

new

culture

b.a

fish

can

not

survive

without

water

c.people

away

from

their

culture

experience

mental

isolation

d.people

away

from

their

culture

have

difficulties

in

new

environment

2.In

order

to

identify

with

the

new

environment,some

people

may

______.

a.give

an

exaggerated

picture

of

their

own

country

b.criticize

the

positive

aspects

of

their

own

county

c.abandon

their

original

beliefs

d.accept

a

temporary

set

of

values

3.Which

of

the

following

statements

is

true

according

to

the

author?

a.Perplexity

results

in

culture

shock.

b.A

typical

symptom

of

cultur

shock

is

confusion.

c.Culture

shock

is

the

explanation

of

anxiety.

d.Culture

shock

happens

to

foreign

students

only.

4.Newcomer

may

worry

about

______.

a.their

ignorance

of

the

alien

customs

b.their

knowledge

of

"Yes"

in

the

native

language

c.their

understanding

of

friendship

d.their

control

of

their

behavior

5.When

the

foreign

visitor

is

immersed

in

new

problems

he

finds

hard

to

cope

whith,he

is

most

likely

to

feel

______.

a.uninsured

b.deprived

c.alienated

d.baffled

答案：c

d

a

d

b

c

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（八）

Social

change

is

more

likely

to

occur

in

societies

where

there

is

a

mixture

of

different

kinds

of

people

than

in

societies

where

people

are

similar

in

many

ways.

The

simple

reason

for

this

is

that

there

are

more

different

ways

of

looking

at

things

present

in

the

first

kind

of

society.

There

are

more

ideas,

more

disagreements

in

interest,

and

more

groups

and

organizations

with

different

beliefs.

In

addition,

there

is

usually

a

greater

worldly

interest

and

greater

tolerance

in

mixed

societies.

All

these

factors

tend

to

promote

social

change

by

opening

more

areas

of

life

to

decision.

In

a

society

where

people

are

quite

similar

in

many

ways,

there

are

fewer

occasions

for

people

to

see

the

need

or

the

opportunity

for

change

because

everything

seems

to

be

the

same.

And

although

conditions

may

not

be

satisfactory,

they

are

at

least

customary

and

undisputed.

Within

a

society,

social

change

is

also

likely

to

occur

more

frequently

and

more

readily

in

the

material

aspects

of

the

culture

than

in

the

non-material,

for

example,

in

technology

rather

than

in

values;

in

what

has

been

learned

later

in

life

rather

than

what

was

learned

early;

in

the

less

basic

and

less

emotional

aspects

of

society

than

in

their

opposites;

in

the

simple

elements

rather

than

in

the

complex

ones;

in

form

rather

than

in

substance;

and

in

elements

that

are

acceptable

to

the

culture

rather

than

in

strange

elements.

Furthermore,

social

change

is

easier

if

it

is

gradual.

For

example,

it

comes

more

readily

in

human

relations

on

a

continuous

scale

rather

than

one

with

sharp

dichotomies.

This

is

one

reason

why

change

has

not

come

more

quickly

to

Black

Americans

as

compared

to

other

American

minorities,

because

of

the

sharp

difference

in

appearance

between

them

and

their

white

counterparts.

1.The

passage

is

mainly

discussing

__________

.

a.the

necessity

of

social

change

b.certain

factors

that

determine

the

ease

with

which

social

changes

occur

c.two

different

societies

d.certain

factors

that

promote

social

change

2.______

is

one

of

the

factors

that

tend

to

promote

social

change.

a.Joint

interest

b.Different

points

of

view

c.Less

emotional

people

d.Advanced

technology

3.According

to

the

passage,

which

of

the

following

is

NOT

true?

a.Social

change

tends

to

meet

with

more

difficulty

in

basic

and

emotional

aspects

of

society.

b.Disagreement

with

and

argument

about

conditions

tend

to

slow

down

social

change.

c.Social

change

is

more

likely

to

occur

in

the

material

aspect

of

society.

d.Social

change

is

less

likely

to

occur

in

what

people

learned

when

they

were

young.

4.The

expression

"greater

tolerance"(paragraph

1)

refers

to

_____

.

a."greater

willingness

to

accept

social

change"

b."quicker

adaptation

to

changing

circumstances"

c."more

respect

for

different

beliefs

and

behavior"

d."geeater

readiness

to

agree

to

different

opinions

and

ideas"

5.Social

change

is

less

likely

to

occur

in

a

society

where

people

are

quite

similar

in

many

ways

because

________

.

a.people

there

have

got

so

accustomed

to

their

conditions

that

they

seldom

think

it

necessary

to

change

b.people

there

have

identical

needs

that

can

be

satisfied

without

much

difficulty

c.people

there

are

easy

to

please

d.people

there

are

less

disputed

答案：b

b

b

c

a

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（九）

As

a

reliable

travel

agency,

we

really

do

try

to

describe

our

centers

and

accommodation

as

realistically

as

possible.

All

our

Super

Centers

and

Main

Centers

have

been

extensively

investigated

during

the

winter

season

1975-1976.

As

a

result

we

have

first-hand

information

on

the

way

in

which

hotels,

life

networks

and

ski

schools,

etc.

operate

during

the

season.

We

have

not

been

able

to

investigate,

at

first

hand,

all

our

Independent

Centers

during

the

last

season

but

all

have

been

visited

during

the

past

three

seasons.

Should

you

need

any

more

information

about

these

centers

we

will

try

to

get

it

for

you.

Our

American

centers

have

been

investigated

on

our

behalf

by

United

Airlines

Tours

Department

and

by

the

U.

S.

tour

operators

who

are

assisting

United

and

ourselves

to

offer

you

this

novel

program

to

the

Where

possible

we

have

eliminated

the

use

of

superlatives

from

the

text

(possibly

making

our

brochure(小冊(cè)子)

less

attractive

to

read

than

it

might

be)

and

have

concentrated

on

as

accurate

a

description

as

possible.

Nevertheless

you

should

bear

in

mind

that

your

opinion

and

the

opinion

of

our

investigator

might

differ

and

there

may

be

changes

between

the

time

of

a

visit

by

our

investigator

and

the

visit

of

one

of

our

customers.

We

trust

that

it

is

evident

to

you

that

we

have

done

all

in

our

power

to

eliminate

misdescription

and

that

there

really

is

no

question

of

misrepresenta-tion

on

our

part—either

careless

or

otherwise.

We

welcome

your

constructive

criticism—it

is

the

best

way

we

know

of

improving

our

brochures

and

our

service.

Although

complaints

are

very

expensive

to

handle,

your

complaint

or

criticism

will

be

thoroughly

investigated

and

a

refund

(退賠

)

made

if

it

is

justified—none

will

be

made

if

it

isn"t.

26.

The

firm

claims

that

all

its

winter

sports

centers

have

been

the

recent

target

of

A.

a

program

of

personal

visits

B.

intensive

enquiries

about

facilities

C.

attempts

to

increase

hotel

accommodation

D.

an

improved

information

service

27.

The

"Independent

Centers"

were

personally

inspected_______.

A.

the

year

before

last

B.

three

years

ago

C.

between

1975

and

1976

D.

within

the

last

three

seasons

28.

The

program

of

tours

to

the

United

States

appears

to

be_______.

A.

a

new

collaboration

with

U.

S.

travel

firms

B.

newly

taken

over

by

U.

S.

tour

operations

C.

a

new

independent

venture

D.

organized

by

United

Airlines

29.

Their

brochure

would

be

more

attractive

to

read,

they

say,

if_______.

A.

it

were

less

truthful

B.

it

used

fewer

superlatives

C.

it

eliminated

description

D.

it

were

more

encouraged

30.

The

firm"s

claim

is

that

their

program

is

improved

by_______.

A.

helpful

fault-finding

by

customers

B.

attractive

description

of

the

centers

in

every

brochure

C.

a

standard

policy

of

prompt

repayment

D.

careful

control

of

the

hotels

答案：26.

A

27.

D

28.

A

29.

A

30.

A

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（十）

As

a

reliable

travel

agency,

we

really

do

try

to

describe

our

centers

and

accommodation

as

realistically

as

possible.

All

our

Super

Centers

and

Main

Centers

have

been

extensively

investigated

during

the

winter

season

1975-1976.

As

a

result

we

have

first-hand

information

on

the

way

in

which

hotels,

life

networks

and

ski

schools,

etc.

operate

during

the

season.

We

have

not

been

able

to

investigate,

at

first

hand,

all

our

Independent

Centers

during

the

last

season

but

all

have

been

visited

during

the

past

three

seasons.

Should

you

need

any

more

information

about

these

centers

we

will

try

to

get

it

for

you.

Our

American

centers

have

been

investigated

on

our

behalf

by

United

Airlines

Tours

Department

and

by

the

U.

S.

tour

operators

who

are

assisting

United

and

ourselves

to

offer

you

this

novel

program

to

the

Where

possible

we

have

eliminated

the

use

of

superlatives

from

the

text

(possibly

making

our

brochure(小冊(cè)子)

less

attractive

to

read

than

it

might

be)

and

have

concentrated

on

as

accurate

a

description

as

possible.

Nevertheless

you

should

bear

in

mind

that

your

opinion

and

the

opinion

of

our

investigator

might

differ

and

there

may

be

changes

between

the

time

of

a

visit

by

our

investigator

and

the

visit

of

one

of

our

customers.

We

trust

that

it

is

evident

to

you

that

we

have

done

all

in

our

power

to

eliminate

misdescription

and

that

there

really

is

no

question

of

misrepresenta-tion

on

our

part—either

c