2023屆北京市房山區(qū)高三一模英語試卷 （解析版）

房山區(qū)2023年高三年級第一次模擬考試

英語

本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無

效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。

第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題海小題1.5分,共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在

答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

IglancedtomyleftandrightasIgotreadyatthestartingline.Thesightofothercompetitorswhohadconfident

andfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumpsandIwasevenmore]thanbefore.

“Onyourmark,getset...Go!”shoutedtheraceofficial.Ipushedmyselfforwardwithallmy2and

startedrunningasthoughaprideofman-eatinglionswerecomingafterme.AsIran,Icouldseetheothercompetitors

catchingupwithme.Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.Ahundredpairsofeyesboredintome,watchingme

3togetup.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Ijustcouldnotdoit.

"No,itcannotendlikethis.Ihaveto4thisrace.^^Ithoughttomyself.However,thepainfrommyinjury

wassounbearablethatIfelttotally5.1reallywantedtogiveup.

Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor6herhandtome.

“Thankyou...”Iwhispered7asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup.

Shelentmehershoulderforsupport,andI8forward.Thecrowdcheeredatthisbrilliantdisplayof

9.Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.

EventhoughInevergotthechancetolearnhername,Iwillalwaysrememberherastheonewhostepped

forwardtohelpmewhenIwasin10.

1.A.tiredB.confusedC.nervousD.regretful

2.A.joyB.mightC.troubleD.shame

3.A.attemptB.hesitateC.waitD.pretend

4.A.organizeB.evaluateC.appreciateD.complete

5.A.defeatedB.inspiredC.shockedD.relaxed

6.A.wavedB.extendedC.showedD.pointed

7.A.proudlyB.cautiouslyC.awkwardlyD.gratefully

8.A.movedB.fellC.bentD.looked

9.A.partnershipB.sportsmanshipC.leadershipD.friendship

10.A.angerB.doubtC.needD.silence

【答案】l.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者在一次跑步比賽中，摔倒了，膝蓋的疼痛讓作者無法繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。就

在作者感到絕望時，旁邊的選手停下來，攙扶著作者走向終點(diǎn)線.這讓作者很是感動，并會永遠(yuǎn)記住這個在

他需要幫助時，及時向他伸出援助之手的人。

【1題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：看著旁邊充滿自信且表情兇神惡煞的其他競爭者，我感到渾身起雞皮疙瘩，

我比之前更加緊張。A.tired疲憊的;B.confused困惑的；C.nervous緊張的；D.regretful后悔的。根據(jù)前

文“Thesightofothercompetitorswhohadconfidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumps”可知，此處

指作者看著旁邊的人充滿自信感到更加緊張，故選C。

【2題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我用盡全身力氣向前沖，盡管后面一群吃人的獅子緊跟在我后面。A.joy高

興，喜悅;B.might強(qiáng)大力量,威力;C.trouble困難;D.shame羞愧。根據(jù)后文“andstartedrunning"可

知，此處指我用盡全身強(qiáng)大的力量先前沖，故選B。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一百雙眼睛盯著我看，看我努力試圖爬起來。A.attempt企圖，努力；B.

hesitate猶豫;C.wait等待；D.pretend假裝。根據(jù)前文“Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees."可知，此

處指我在賽跑時摔倒了，故努力試圖爬起來，故填A(yù)。

【4題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就這樣結(jié)束了。我必須完成這次比賽”。A.organize組

織；B.evaluate評估，評價；C.appreciate欣賞，感激；D.complete完成。根據(jù)前文“No,itcannotendlike

this.”可知，此處指不能就這樣結(jié)束，我必須完成這次比賽，故選D。

【5題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我膝蓋上的疼痛如此無法忍受，以至于我感覺很泄氣。A.defeated泄

氣的,受挫的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的；C.shocked震驚的；D.relaxed放松的。根據(jù)上文“However,the

painfrommyinjurywassounbearablen以及后文”Ireallywantedtogiveup.”可知,此處指我想放棄，因此

我是感覺很泄氣的，故選A。

【6題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時，一個善良的競爭者向我伸出了手。A.waved揮手；B.extended延

伸，伸出；C.showed展示;D.pointed指向。根據(jù)后文“asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup”可知，

此處指她向我伸出手，故選B。

【7題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我抓住她的手，她把我拉起來的時候，我感激地說著“謝謝你”。A.proudly

驕傲地；B.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；C.awkwardly尷尬地；D.gratefully感激地。根據(jù)前文“akindcompetitor

6herhandtome.”可知,此處指我很感激那個向我伸出手的競爭者，因此是感激地說著謝謝，故選

D,

【8題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她把肩膀借給我支撐，我向前移動。A.moved移動；B.fell摔，落；C.bent彎

腰；D.looked看。根據(jù)后文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline."可知，此處指我支撐著她的肩

膀，向終點(diǎn)線移動，故選A。

【9題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：觀眾為這種杰出的體育精神而歡呼。A.partnership合伙，合作關(guān)系；B.

sportsmanship體育精神；C.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能；D.friendship友誼。根據(jù)前文"Together,bothofuscrossed

thefinishingline.”可知，此處指我在比賽中摔倒了，旁邊的人扶著我走向終點(diǎn)，這是一種體育精神，故選

Bo

30題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我不知道她的名字，但我將永遠(yuǎn)記得她，因?yàn)樗窃谖矣行枰獣r，走上前

來幫助我的那個人。A.anger怒氣；B.doubt疑惑；C.need需要；D.silence沉默。根據(jù)前文“Outof

despair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor6herhandtome.”可知，此處指她在

我需要幫助時，向我伸出了援助之手，故選C。

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

WhenIwassevenyearsold,Icaughtacoldandhadtostayathome.Myparentshadtowork,somyneighbor

cameovertolookafterme.Shereadmanydifferentbookstome11(patient),includingadventuressetin

ancienttimes,travelstories,familydramas,historicalnovels,etc.Tomyjoy,12(listen)toeachbookmade

mefeellikewatchingamovie,butbetterbecausebooksgavemuchmoredetailsthanmovies.Shestartedmyinterest

inreading.Nextyear,aftergraduatingfromcollege,I13(have)ajobteachingEnglish.IhopethatIcan

transfertheloveofreadingtomystudents.

【答案】11.patiently

12.listening

13.willhave##amgoingtohave

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者小時候，鄰居激發(fā)了作者的閱讀興趣。

【II題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：她耐心地給我讀了很多不同的書，包括古代冒險故事、旅行故事、家庭劇、歷史小說

等。修飾動詞，用副詞形式。故填patiently。

【12題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：讓我高興的是，每聽一本書都讓我感覺像在看電影，但更好，因?yàn)闀入娪疤峁?/p>

了更多的細(xì)節(jié)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少主語，所以用動名詞作主語。故填listening。

【13題詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：明年，大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我將有一份教英語的工作。根據(jù)時間狀語Nextyear可知，用一般將

來時。故填willhave/amgoingtohave。

B

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

BeijingOlympicPark,also14(know)astheOlympicGreen,islocatedinChaoyangDistrict,Beijing,

withatotallandareaof11.59squarekilometers.ThefamousNationalStadiumor"Bird'sNest“isthecenterpiece

ofthepark,15theopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerehosted.The

NationalAquaticsCenteror“WaterCube“hostedtheswimming,divingandsynchronizedswimmingevents.Itwas

transformed16the"IceCube"fbrthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicandParalympicGames,anddetachable

curlingtrackswerebuiltontheswimmingpooltohostcurlingevents.

【答案】14.known

15.where16.into##to

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。介紹了北京奧林匹克公園。

【14題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：北京奧林匹克公園，又稱奧林匹克公園，位于北京市朝陽區(qū)，總土地面積11.59

平方公里。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處作定語，主語BeijingOlympicPark與know之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用

過去分詞作后置定語。故填known。

【15題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：著名的國家體育館或者“鳥巢”是公園的中心，在這里舉辦了2022年北京冬奧會

的開幕式和閉幕式。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為ThefamousNationalStadiumor

“Bird'sNest”，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。

【16題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：為2022年北京冬奧會和殘運(yùn)會，將它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆

卸的冰壺跑道，以舉辦冰壺比賽。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?，改變?yōu)?，表達(dá)為betransformed

into/tOo故填into/tOo

C

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

WorldEnvironmentDay(WED)isadayweallneedtoputinour17(diary).IthappensonJune5

everyyearandshouldbeoneofthemostimportantdaysoftheholidaycalendar.WED18(create)in1972

bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theenvironmentwasn'tsuchabigissuebackthen.Butitisoneofthe

hottesttopicsintheworldtoday.WEDhelpsraiseworldwideawarenessofthethreatstoourenvironment.

19peoplecandothatdayistostartchanginglifestylestoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Many

environmentalagenciesorganizeeventsbasedondifferentthemeseachyear.Theseeventsencourageboth

governmentsandlocalcommunitiestoworktogether20(handle)environmentalproblems.

【答案】17.diaries

18.wascreated

19.What20.tohandle

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界環(huán)境日。

【17題詳解】

考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：世界環(huán)境日是我們每個人都需要記在日記里的一天。名詞diary為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)

形容詞性物主代詞。ur可知，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填diaries。

【18題詳解】

考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：世界環(huán)境日由聯(lián)合國大會于1972年創(chuàng)立。根據(jù)時間狀語in1972可知，用一般過去

時。主語WED是單數(shù)，與create之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填wascreated。

【19題詳解】

考查名詞性從句。句意：人們在這一天能做的就是開始改變生活方式來減少碳足跡。本句為主語從句，從

句缺少賓語，指物，所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填What。

【20題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些活動鼓勵政府和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)共同努力解決環(huán)境問題。句中用不定式作目的狀

語。故填tohandle。

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Tohelpnewstudents,theInternationalBusinessInstitute（IBI）planstosetupabuddy（伙伴）peersupport

project.TheprojectwillhelpnewstudentsmeetcurrentstudentsatIBIwhocanprovidethemwithsomefriendly

companyduringtheirfirstmonthsinNewcastleandhelpthemwithanysmallproblemsthattheymayhave.

Whafsinitforyou?

Webelievethatbeingabuddywillberewardinginseveralways.Asavolunteer,itwillbepersonallysatisfying

toknowthatyouareabletohelpnewstudents.Itwillalsohelpyoumakecontactsthatmaybevaluableinyour

futureacademicandprofessionallives.Ifyouareanoverseasstudent,itwillgiveyouanotheropportunitytopractise

speakingEnglish.

Responsibilitiesofbuddies

?Telephoneandarrangetomakecontactwiththenewstudent.

?Meetthestudentandshowhim/heraroundthecampusandthelocalarea.Answerquestionsaboutlivingin

NewcastleandadministrationproceduresatIBI.

?Arrangetomeetthenewstudentonemorningorafternoononeweekendearlyinthesemester,andtakethe

studenttoplacesthatyouenjoyinNewcastle.

?Bepreparedtotakephonecallsfromthenewstudenttoanswerfurtherquestionsthathe/shemayhavefrom

timetotime.Meettoexplaininformationtothenewstudentinperson,ifrequired.

?Youwillbematchedtoanindividualnewstudent.However,ifyouhavefriendswhoarealsobuddies,you

mightprefertoformasupportgrouptogether.Thiswouldmeanthatyoumeetthenewstudentsasagrouprather

thanone-on-one.

?Beingabuddyisvoluntary.Thereisno“requirement”toprovideassistancebeyondthehelpoutlinedabove.

Pleasenotethatifyouagreetobecomeapeersupportbuddyyouwillbeexpectedtofulfilyourrole

conscientiouslyandcheerfully.Itwillbeimportanttobeconsiderateandreliablesothatthestudentcanfeelconfident

inyoursupport.

21.Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitcanyougetfrombeingabuddy?

A.Youcanlearnhowtobeaconfidentperson.

B.Itiseasyforyoutofindsomefriendlycompany.

C.Youcanberewardedwithbothmoneyandprizes.

D.Itmaybehelpfulforyourfuturestudiesandcareer.

22.Asabuddy,youneedto.

A.formasupportgroupwithothervolunteersatIBI

B.provideassistanceinstudyingeachsubjectafterclass

C.meetthenewstudenteverymorningearlyinthesemester

D.helpthenewstudentgetfamiliarwithhisorhersurroundings

23.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducecampuslifefornewstudents.

B.Toattractpotentialvolunteerstobepeersupporters.

C.ToofferanopportunitytopractisespeakingEnglish.

D.Toprovidesomeinformationaboutstudyingoverseas.

【答案】21.D22.D23.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了國際商業(yè)學(xué)院（IBI）計劃設(shè)立的‘幫助伙伴項(xiàng)目’的好處以及

其成員的責(zé)任。

[21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whafsinitforyou?部分中“Itwillalsohelpyoumakecontactsthatmaybevaluablein

yourfutureacademicandprofessionallives.（它還會幫助你建立對你未來的學(xué)術(shù)和職業(yè)生涯有價值的聯(lián)系）”可

知，成為伙伴幫助者可能對你未來的學(xué)習(xí)和職業(yè)有幫助。故選D。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Responsibilitiesofbuddies部分第二點(diǎn)中“Meetthestudentandshowhim/heraroundthe

campusandthelocalarea.（與學(xué)生見面，并帶他/她參觀校園和當(dāng)?shù)氐貐^(qū)）“可知，作為一名伙伴幫助者，你

需要幫助新生熟悉環(huán)境。故選D。

[23題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中"Tohelpnewstudents,theInternationalBusinessInstitute（1BI）

planslosetupabuddy（伙伴）peersupportproject.（為了幫助新生，國際商業(yè)學(xué)院（IBI）計劃設(shè)立'幫助伙伴

項(xiàng)目‘）”可知，文章主要介紹了國際商業(yè)學(xué)院（IBI）計劃設(shè)立的'幫助伙伴項(xiàng)目’的好處以及其成員的

責(zé)任，目的是吸引潛在的志愿者成為伙伴幫助者。故選B。

B

Bornwithseverehearingloss,Lihasfoundherwaytocommunicatewiththeworld—throughpainting.

Beforelearningtopaint,Lialwaysfeltlonelyinasilentworld.Sheknewshewasdifferentfromherpeers

becauseshecouldnothear.Butapaintingclassinprimaryschoolopenedforheradoortocreativityandawayof

expression.

“Istillremembermyfirstmural,whichwastohelpakindergartentodesignandpaintitswall,“Lisays."The

projectmademerealizehowhappyIwasimmersingmyselfintopainting.^^

Topursueherpassionforart,Liwenttostudyadvertisingdesignatavocationalandtechnicalschool.'Tainting

brushescanhelpmecreateacolorfulworldinmyimagination,tellingmythoughtsonpaper,insteadofthrough

voices,Lisaid.

Graduatingfromcollegein2005,Ligotajobasatypistatapublicinstitute.Butshecouldnotcommunicate

wellwithherothercolleagues.Herhusbandunderstoodhowshefeltbecausehelosthishearingduetomedication

whenhewas1yearold.Heisalsoanartlover.InMarch2016,underherhusband'ssuggestion,Liquitherjoband

joinedherhusband'scompany,whichspecializesin3Dwallandgroundpaintings.

Wallpaintingisademandingjobbecauseitrequirespeopletoworkoutdoors,whetherinextremelycoldorhot

weather.Asallthepeoplearehearing-impairedintheircompany,communicationwithclientsisthemostcommon

challengethattheteamfaces.

Nowinmanyparksandscenicspots,thecouplehavecreatedlarge-scalemuralsandinteractivepavement

paintingthatmakeonlookersapartofthedrawings.

“MyhusbandandIwanttointroducepaintingtomorepeoplelikeusandhelpthemfindtheirownwaytomake

aliving,9,Lisays.NowLihasanapprenticewhojustgraduatedfromcollege.Whilecoachingthenewcomer,Liis

exploringherownstyleandhopestobecomeanillustratorandopenherownexhibitiononeday.

“They'reenergeticyoungpeoplewithapassiontocreatenewthings,andyoucanfeelthatintheirpaintings,

oneoftheirclientssaid."They'realsoaprofessional,dedicatedteam,oftenworkinglateintothenightonthedesigns

forus.”

Lihopesthattheirstoriescanencouragemorehearing-impairedpeopletobuildtheirowncareersandachieve

theirgoals,regardlessofhowtoughitmaybe.

24.Accordingtothepassage,thepaintingclassinprimaryschool.

A.startedLi'sfirstadvertisingdesign

B.helpedLifindanewwaytoexpressherself

C.madeLilearnabout3Dwallandgroundpaintings

D.turnedLi'sdreamofopeninganexhibitionintoreality

25.Whatcanweknowfromthispassage?

A.Licancommunicatewithherclientseasily.

B.LilostherhearingwhenshewasIyearold.

C.Liandherhusbandhavecreatedmanywonderfulpaintings.

D.Liandherhusbandhopetobecomeillustratorsinthefuture.

26.Tohelppeoplewithhearingloss,whatdoesLiintendtodo?

A.Donatemoneytothem.B.Designpaintinggiftsforthem.

C.Inspirethemtocreatetheirowncareers.D.Supportthemtocompletecollegeeducation.

27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

C.Acceptingwhatyouhavemakesyouhappy.D.Nothingisimpossibletothemanwhowilltry.

【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Li天生聽力嚴(yán)重受損，但她通過繪畫找到了與世界交流的方式，

她希望她的故事能鼓勵那些與她一樣聽力受損的人建立自己的事業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Buiapaintingclassinprimaryschoolopenedforheradoortocreativityanda

wayofexpression.（但小學(xué)的繪畫課為她打開了一扇通往創(chuàng)造力和表達(dá)方式的大門。）”可知，小學(xué)的繪畫課

為她打開了創(chuàng)造力與表達(dá)自己的大門。故選B項(xiàng)。

[25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的"Nowinmanyparksandscenicspots,thecouplehavecreatedlarge-scale

muralsandinteractivepavementpaintingthatmakeonlookersapartofthedrawings/現(xiàn)在，在很多公園和景

區(qū)，這對夫婦創(chuàng)作了大型壁畫和互動路面繪畫，讓旁觀者成為繪畫的一部分。）”可知，在許多公園和景點(diǎn)

都能見到Li與她丈夫的作品，由此可知，她與她丈夫創(chuàng)作了許多美好的繪畫。故選C。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Lihopesthattheirstoriescanencouragemorehearing-impairedpeopleto

buildtheirowncareersandachievetheirgoals,regardlessofhowtoughitmaybe.（Li希望他們的故事可以鼓勵

更多的聽障人士建立自己的事業(yè)并實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)，無論多么艱難。）”可知，Li希望用自己的故事激勵

那些跟她一樣聽力受損的人無論有多難，要建立自己的事業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想。故選C項(xiàng)。

27題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段"Bornwithseverehearingloss,Lihasfoundherwaytocommunicatewiththeworld一

throughpainting4天生患有嚴(yán)重的聽力損失，李找到了與世界交流的方式——通過繪畫。）”可知，Li雖聽

力受損，但她仍找到了與世界溝通的方式---繪畫，根據(jù)第四段中的“Topursueherpassionforart,Liwent

tostudyadvertisingdesignatavocationalandtechnicalschool.（為了追求自己對藝術(shù)的熱情，李去一所職業(yè)技

術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)廣告設(shè)計。）”可知，她為追求自己對藝術(shù)熱愛，她上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)廣告設(shè)計，并順利畢業(yè)，找到一

份工作，但她不滿意自己的工作狀況，又辭職與她丈夫從事3D墻面和地面繪畫，并在各公園和旅游景點(diǎn)

創(chuàng)作許多的藝術(shù)作品，由此可知，本文主要告訴我們的是，只要肯努力，沒有什么不可能。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

Vastunderwatermeadows（草甸）ofgentlywavingseagrasscoverhundredsofmilesupanddowntheWest

Coast.Theseblue-greenfieldsperformavarietyofimportantservices.Theyprotecttheshorelinefromerosion,clear

pollutantsfromthewaterandprovidehabitatsforallkindsofmarineanimals.

Newresearchsuggestsseagrassmeadowsmayalsomitigateaseriousconsequenceofgreenhousegasemissions:

thesteadyacidificationofoceanwaters.ThestudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiologyfindsthatsea

grassforestscanraisepHlevelsincoastalwaters.Astheyperformphotosynthesis（光合作用），theyremovecarbon

dioxidefromthewater,counteractingtheacidifyingeffectofthegas.

“Ithinkweareallveryexcitedaboutit,“saidleadstudyauthorAuroraRicart,ascientistattheBigelow

LaboratoryforMarineSciences.

Oceanacidificationisasideeffectofrisingcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphere.SomeofthisCO2dissolves

outoftheairandintotheseacausingachemicalreactionthatlowersthewater'spH.Scientistssometimesreferto

itasglobalwarming's"eviltwin^^—aninvisiblecompaniontoclimatechange.

Oceanacidificationcanhaveharmfuleffectsonmarineorganismslikeshellfishandcoralbypreventingthem

fromproperlyformingthehardshellstheyneedtosurvive.Ifsathreatbothtonaturalecosystemsandtoshellfish

fisheriesaroundtheworld.Thestudypresentsanaturalwaytoaddresstheproblem.

Researchersanalyzedsixyearsofdatafromseagrassmeadowsspanningmorethan600milesofftheCalifornia

coastline.Itfocusedonthecommoneelgrass,oneofthemostwidespreadseagrassspeciesontheWestCoast.The

authorsclaimit'sthelargest,mostcomprehensivestudyofitskind.

Accordingtothestudy,seagrassecosystemscanraisepHlevelsbymorethan0.1unit,equivalenttoabouta

30%decreaseinacidity.Theeffectisn'tconstant.Itcomesinwavesandisinfluencedbytemperature,daylight,ocean

currentsandotherfactorsthataffectwaterchemistryandseagrassphotosynthesisrates.Butthetemperinginfluence

onacidificationcanbelasting,sometimespersistingforuptothreeweeksatatime.ThestudyalsoshowsthatpHis

higherinseagrassecosystems,comparedtonearbyareaswithnoseagrass,about65%ofthetime.

Thestudydidn'tinvestigatetheeffectsofhigherpHonmarineorganisms—that'saquestionforfutureresearch.

Butthere'sreasontobelievethesemeadowsmayhaveapositiveinfluenceonshellfishandotheroceananimals.

28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.SeagrassforestscanlowerpHlevelsofcoastalwaters.

B.Shellfishandcoralsarenotaffectedbyoceanacidification.

C.Seagrassmeadowscanhelpremovepollutantsfromtheseawater.

D.TheeffectsofhigherpHonmarineorganismswereinvestigatedinthisstudy.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Relieve.B.Present.C.Cause.D.Predict.

30.Paragraph7tellsustheresearch.

A.findingsB.processC.questionsD.reflection

31.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?

A.Toillustratetheserioussituationofclimatechange.

B.Topresentthelivingconditionsoftheunderwatermeadows.

C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofresearchonmarinepollution.

D.Tointroduceanaturalwaytosolvetheproblemofoceanacidification.

【答案】28.C29.A30.A31.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海草草甸還可以緩解由溫室氣體排放導(dǎo)致的海水

持續(xù)酸化。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一一段中“Theyprotecttheshorelinefromerosion,clearpollutantsfromthewaterand

providehabitatsforallkindsofmarineanimals』它們保護(hù)海岸線免受侵蝕，清除水中的污染物，為各種海洋

動物提供棲息地）”可知，海草草甸可以幫助去除海水中的污染物。故選C。

【29題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThestudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiologyfindsthatseagrass

forestscanraisepHlevelsincoastalwaters.Astheyperformphotosynthesis（光合作用），theyremovecarbon

dioxidefromthewater,counteractingtheacidifyingeffectofthegas.（這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《全球變化生物學(xué)》雜志上的

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海草林可以提高沿海水域的pH值。當(dāng)它們進(jìn)行光合作用時，它們會從水中去除二氧化碳，抵

消氣體的酸化作用）”可知，海草能去除水中的二氧化碳，從而抵消氣體的酸化作用，由此可推知，畫線詞

所在句意為“新的研究表明，海草草地還可以緩解溫室氣體排放的嚴(yán)重后果：海水的持續(xù)酸化"，mitigate

意為“緩解”。故選A。

【30題詳解】

段落大意題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合本段首句“Accordingtothestudy,seagrassecosystemscanraisepH

levelsbymorethan0.1unit,equivalenttoabouta30%decreaseinacidity.（根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以將

pH值提高0.1個單位以上，相當(dāng)于酸度降低30%左右）”以及末句“ThestudyalsoshowsthatpHishigherin

seagrassecosystems,comparedtonearbyareaswithnoseagrass,about65%ofthetime.（研究還表明，與附近沒

有海草的地區(qū)相比，海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的pH值在65%的時間里更高）”可知，本段主要告訴我們這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)

果。故選A。

【31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段中“Newresearchsuggestsseagrassmeadowsmayalsomitigatea

seriousconsequenceofgreenhousegasemissions:thesteadyacidificationofoceanwaters.（新的研究表明，海草

草地還可以緩解溫室氣體排放的嚴(yán)重后果：海水的持續(xù)酸化）”及第五段最后一句"Thestudypresentsa

naturalwaytoaddresstheproblem.（這項(xiàng)研究提出了一種解決這一問題的自然方法）”可知，文章主要介紹了

一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海草草甸可以緩解由溫室氣體排放導(dǎo)致的海水持續(xù)酸化，故本文目的是介紹一種解決海洋

酸化問題的自然方法。故選D。

D

Whenspecialoccasionssuchasbirthdaysorotherbigholidayeventscomearound,parentsoftenlookforthat

specialtoyfortheirchildren.Butthereisagrowingunderstandingthatgiftsoftimeandbonding,suchasvacations

andotherexperiences,makebetterandmorelastinggiftsforchildren.

Expertsagreethatgiftingchildrenwithmemorabletripsandfunexperiencesisbetterfortheirbodyandmind,

andhascorrespondingpositiveimpactsontherestofthefamily!

Ina2017studythatsurveyedabout500womenbetween18and93yearsold,Dr.Oravecz,ahumandevelopment

andfamilystudiesprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,asked,“Mostpeoplefeellovedwhen...”Thestudy

showedthatthemostpopularanswershadnothingtodowithanymaterialitem.Dr.Oraveczsaid,“Ourresearch

foundthatmicro-momentsofpositivity,likeakindword,ahugwithachildorasympatheticexpression,makepeople

feelmostloved.

ClinicalpsychologistOliverJamesagrees.Hestatedthatasopposedtotoys,detailsfromatriparemorelikely

to“stickwiththemfbrlongafterthevacationends.”Whenfamiliesinteractinastress-freeenvironment,thiscreates

warm,generousfeelingstowardsoneanother,whicharelikelytoberememberedwithfondness.Vacationscreate

strongemotionalresponsesthatdon'toftencomewithmaterialpossessions.

Inaddition,BritishchildpsychologistDr.MargotSunderlandbelievesthatvacationsmakechildrensmarter.

“Whatislesswidelyknownisthatvacationscanalsoadvancebraindevelopmentinchildren.Thisisbecauseona

familyvacation,youareexercisingtwogeneticallyingrainedsystemsdeepinthebrain*slimbic(邊緣的)area,which

canalltooeasilybe'unexercised'inthehome."CitingtheworkofneuroscientistJaakPanksepp,Dr.Sunderland

said,"ThesearethePLAYsystemandtheSEEKINGsystem.,,“Thebrain'sPLAYsystemisexercisedeverytime

youburyyourchild'sfeetinthesandortakethemfbrarideonyourback.TheSEEKINGsystemisexercisedeach

timeyougoexploringtogether:thebeach,acave,ahiddenvillage...9,Shecontinued,44Sowhenyoutakeyourchild

onavacation,youaresupportingtheirexplorativeurge(SEEKINGsystem)—avitalresourceforlivinglifewell,and

theircapacitytoplay(PLAYsystem).Inadulthood,thistranslatesintotheabilitytoplaywithideas—essential,for

example,tothesuccessfulentrepreneur(企業(yè)家)

Inabusyhousehold,perhapsthefunofhavingthelatesttoymaynotlast,butthespaceitoccupiesinthehouse

couldbethereandgatherdust.Sofbrthenextroundofgift-givingwiththechildren,consideranexperientialgift

instead.Thereturnisdefinitelypriceless.

32.FromDr.Oravecz'sstudy,weknowthat.

A.hearingkindwordscanmakeapersonfeelmostloved

B.aspecialtoyforabirthdayismorelastingforchildren

C.womenattheageof18and93yearsoldfeelmoreloved

D.thefeelingofbeinglovediscloselyrelatedtomaterialgifts

33.