Unit+4+Breaking+boundaries+Developing+ideas+Reading+課件【知識(shí)精講精研】高二英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit4Period4Reading新課導(dǎo)入Whatdoyouknowaboutthepicture?課堂學(xué)習(xí)1Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1Howdidtheslaveownersregardtheirslaves?2Whatwasaslave’slifelike?Theydidn’tregardthemashumansbutasanimals,withoutrespectingthem.Dailylifeforaslaveinvolvedback-breakinglabour.Slaveshadtoworkalldaylongwithoutenoughrest.Theywereoftenphysicallyabusedbytheirownersandhadnolegalrights.1Howdidtheslaveownersregardtheirslaves?2Whatwasaslave’slifelike?TheWordsThatChangedANation1Onagreyafternoonon19November1863,atall,thinmanmountedaplatforminafieldinGettysburg,Pennsylvaniaandbegantospeak.Theplacewasthesiteofarecentbattlewherethousandsofsoldiershaddied.ThemanwasAbrahamLincoln,PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,andhewasthereinmemoryofthesoldierswhohaddied.Thespeechhegavewasjust268wordslongandlastedtwominutes.Butthisaddresstothecrowdchangedthemindsofhispeopleandhelpedshapeanation.2

Atthattime,Americawasbitterlydivided.Fortwoyears,itspeoplehadbeendeepinacivilwarbetweentheslave-owningConfederateSouthernStatesandthe“free”NorthernStatesoftheUnion.TheworstbattlelastedthreedaysandtookplaceatGettysburgin1863.TheUnionsidewon,butatagreatcost.Over50,000soldierswerekilledorwounded,andpeoplelosthopeandpurpose.Whatwasallthissufferingfor?3

Lincolnunderstoodthefeelingsofthecivilianpeople.Hisspeechgavethemhope,beliefandareasontolooktothefuture.HegavethemanewvisionofwhattheUnitedStatesofAmericashouldbe,basedontheidealssetdownbyitsFoundingFathers87yearsbefore.Itwaswhatthesoldiershaddiedfor.NowitwasuptothelivingtoremovenotonlythedivisionsbetweenNorthandSouth,buttheboundariesbetweenblackandwhite,andworkstepbysteptowardstheequalityofhumankind.4

Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforth,uponthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.5

Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynation,soconceived,andsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemethereonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofitasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.6Butinalargersense,wecannotdedicate-wecannotconsecrate-wecannothallowthisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongremember,whatwesayhere,butcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rathertobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheyhave,thusfar,sonoblycarriedon.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus-thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheyheregavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion-thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain;thatthisnationshallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatthisgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.(“TheGettysburgAddress”byAbrahamLincoln)2Lookatthetitleandskimthepassage.Choosethebookinwhichyouwouldmostlikelyfindthepassage.Skimming1ThePowerofSpeech2FamousUSPresidents3GreatBattlesinHistoryReadthepassagequickly,divideitintopartsandtelleachpart'smainidea.ScanningThesettingoftheaddressThebackgroundeventoftheaddressThemaincontentoftheaddress“TheGettysburgAddress”byAbrahamLincolnPart1Para.1Part2Para.2Part3Para.3Part4Para.4-Para.63Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethenotes.CarefulreadingAnswers:1On19November1863,inafieldinGettysburg,Pennsylvania2TheBattleofGettysburgin1863,whichresultedinover50,000casualties.3ItwasanewnationconceivedinLibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal./Itaimedatbringingfreedomtothepeopleandwasbasedontheprinciplethatallmenarecreatedequal.4ItwouldtestwhetheranationconceivedinLibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequalcanlongendure.5Theygavetheirlivessothattheirnationmightlive.Theywerebravemenwhosestruggleshadconsecratedtheground.6Thatthisnationshallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatthisgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.7Thelivingshouldbededicatedtothetask.ThinkShare1WhatwasLincoln’spurposeingivingthespeech?2Lincolntalksaboutthegovernment“ofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”.Whatdoesthismean?3Whatotherspeechescanyouthinkofthatstresstheimportanceofbreakingboundaries?4Whateffortstobreakboundariesaredescribedinthetworeadingpassageintheunit?1WhatwasLincoln’spurposeingivingthespeech?2Lincolntalksaboutthegovernment“ofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”.Whatdoesthismean?3Whatotherspeechescanyouthinkofthatstresstheimportanceofbreakingboundaries?4Whateffortstobreakboundariesaredescribedinthetworeadingpassageintheunit?Hewantedtogivethepeoplehope,beliefandareasontolooktothefuture.“Ofthepeople”meansthatgovernmentshouldbemadeupofordrawnfromthepeople;“bythepeople”meansthatgovernmentshouldberunbyordinarypeople;“forthepeople”meansthatgovernmentshoulduseitspowerforthepeople'sbenefit.“Ihaveadream”byMartinLutherKing.Inthefirstpassage,doctorsorotherpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsworkedtogethertosavepeopleindanger.Inthesecondpassage,LincolncalledonthepeopleoftheUnitedStatestostriveforafreenationwhereallmenareequal.LearningtolearnInEnglish,prepositionscanbeusedtoshowideasinaclearandconciseway.Anexampleiswithinthespeech:“governmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”.4Workingroups.GiveatalkaboutthesignificanceofabolishingslaveryintheUS.1Organiseyourideasbyansweringthequestions.?WhatwastheUSlikebeforeslaverywasabolished??Howwasitdifferentafterwards??Inwhatwaysdidtheabolitionofslaveryhelptobreakboundaries?2Doresearchtofindmoreevidencetosupportyourideas.3Giveyourtalktotheclass.?WhatwastheUSlikebeforeslaverywasabolished?TheUSwasdividedintostatesintheNorththatprohibitedslavery,andstatesintheSouthwhichallowedslaveryanddependeduponslaveryeconomically.Slaverywasaverycruelinstitution,andcausedgreathumansufferinginthestatesthatpermittedit.RelianceonslaveryalsomadetheSouthlesstechnologicallyadvancedthantheNorth.?Howwasitdifferentafterwards?Slaveswerefreedandwereregardedasequalunderthelaw,atleastintheory.Inpractice,blackAmericanscontinuedtosuffergreatdiscriminationintheSouthforthenexthundredyears,untilthebirthofthemoderncivilrightsmovementinthe1960s.ThelegacyofslaverycontinuestoaffectracerelationsintheUStoday.?Inwhatwaysdidtheabolitionofslaveryhelptobreakboundaries?Theabolitionofslaverymadeformerslavesandtheirformermastersequalbeforethelaw.Thiswasthefirststeptowardstrueequality.Nowthinkabouteffectivewaystofindinformationtosupportyourideas.Languagepoints1.Onagreyafternoonon19November1863,atall,thinmanmountedaplatforminafieldinGettysburg,Pennsylvaniaandbegantospeak.1863年11月19日一個(gè)陰沉的下午，一個(gè)又高又瘦的人登上賓夕法尼亞州葛底斯堡田野的一個(gè)講臺(tái)，開始演講。

mountvt.走上，登上，爬上，攀登vi.逐步增加n.[C](用作山名的一部分）……山，……峰（此時(shí)常寫作Mount，縮寫形式為Mt.)mountQomolangma登上珠穆朗瑪峰mountthestairs/steps走上樓梯mounttheplatform登上講臺(tái)詞義拓展：mountadiamondinaplatinumring（鑲嵌）Thecameraismountedto/onatripod（安裝）mountanattack（發(fā)起）mountanexhibition（舉辦）mountaplay（上演）2.Theplacewasthesiteofarecentbattlewherethousandsofsoldiershaddied.不久前，這個(gè)地方曾爆發(fā)了一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗，成千上萬(wàn)的士兵喪生于此。此處是關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thesite。3.ThemanwasAbrahamLincoln,PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,andhewasthereinmemoryofthesoldierswhohaddied.

這個(gè)人就是亞伯拉罕·林肯，時(shí)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，他在那里紀(jì)念犧牲的士兵。(1)“President...America”作AbrahamLincoln的同位語(yǔ)。President在此處表示“獨(dú)一無(wú)二”的職務(wù)，其前用零冠詞。(2)inmemoryof為紀(jì)念……h(huán)aveagoodmemoryforsth.善于記……bringbackmemories使回想起往事ifmymemoryservesmewell/correctly如果我沒有記錯(cuò)的話

歸納拓展：

inhonourof為向……表示敬意

infavourof贊成，支持

incelebrationof為慶祝……

insupportof支持

indefenceof保衛(wèi)；為辯護(hù)

insearchof尋找

inneedof需要

inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)，掌管

inpossessionof擁有

inplaceof代替(3)who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thesoldiers。4.Thespeechhegavewasjust268wordslongandlastedtwominutes.

他的演講只有268個(gè)單詞，持續(xù)了2分鐘。hegave為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Thespeech，從句省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which.5.Butthisaddresstothecrowdchangedthemindsofhispeopleandhelpedshapeanation.但這一對(duì)群眾的演講改變了他的人民的想法，幫助塑造了一個(gè)國(guó)家。(1)addressn.演講；演說(shuō)deliveranaddress/speech/lecture發(fā)表演說(shuō)e.g.Thepresidentwilldeliveranaddressabouttheschoolenvironment.

校長(zhǎng)將就學(xué)校的環(huán)境狀況發(fā)表演講。

addressv.

做演講e.g.SheaddressedaconferencebeforeleavingforBeijingyesterday.

昨天在去北京之前，她在一場(chǎng)會(huì)議上發(fā)表了演講。(2)shapev.

塑造e.g.Likeitornot,ourfamiliesshapeourlivesandmakeuswhoweare.

不管喜歡與否，我們的家庭塑造我們的生活并鑄就我們的個(gè)性。6.TheUnionsidewon,butatagreatcost.邦聯(lián)州贏得了這次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，卻也付出了慘重代價(jià)。

atthecostof=atthepriceof以……的價(jià)格/代價(jià)atallcost(s)不惜任何代價(jià)atanycost在任何情況下，無(wú)論如何7.Hisspeechgavethemhope,beliefandareasontolooktothefuture.他的演講給了他們希望、信念和展望未來(lái)的理由。(1)lookto展望；指望；注意looktothefuture展望未來(lái)looktosb.forsth.指望某人提供某物looktosb.todosth.指望某人做某事looktosth.注意/留心某事（物）(2)“

tolooktothefuture”為動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾areason。8.HegavethemanewvisionofwhattheUnitedStatesofAmericashouldbe,basedontheidealssetdownbyitsFoundingFathers87yearsbefore.

他給予了他們一個(gè)新的愿景，那就是依照87年前開國(guó)元?jiǎng)椎睦砟?，美利?jiān)合眾國(guó)本應(yīng)成為的樣子。

本句是主從復(fù)合句。其中“whatthe...shouldbe”為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作of的賓語(yǔ)，what在從句中作表語(yǔ)?！癰asedon...before”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，“setdownby...before”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾theideals。9.Itwaswhatthesoldiershaddiedfor.這就是士兵們?yōu)橹疇奚脑颉?1)what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。(2)diefor為……獻(xiàn)出生命，為……而死diefrom/of因……而死dieout滅絕dieaway(聲音、風(fēng)或光等)逐漸消失，逐漸減弱diedown逐漸變?nèi)酰褐饾u平息dieoff相繼死去，先后死去（直至死光）bedyingforsth./todosth.極想要某物/渴望做某事10.NowitwasuptothelivingtoremovenotonlythedivisionsbetweenNorthandSouth,buttheboundariesbetweenblackandwhite,andworkstepbysteptowardstheequalityofhumankind.現(xiàn)在，活著的人不僅要消除南北之間的分歧，而且要消除黑人與白人之間的界限，一步步地努力實(shí)現(xiàn)人類的平等。(1)本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)“toremove...humankind”為真正的主語(yǔ)；“notonly...South，but...white”為notonly...but(also)...連接的并列成分，作remove的賓語(yǔ)。(2)divisionn.分開；分裂；部門；除法divisionbetween/within/among...……之間的分歧thecompany'ssalesdivision公司銷售部thedivisionsign除號(hào)dividevt.&vi.（使）分開，分成……divide...into...把……分成……11.Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforth,uponthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.

87年前，我們的先輩們?cè)谶@塊大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)新國(guó)家，它孕育于自由之中，獻(xiàn)身于人人生而平等的理想。(1)“conceivedinLiberty”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)，“dedicatedto...equal”為形容詞短語(yǔ)，二者并列作后置定語(yǔ)；“thatall...equal”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，作theproposition的同位語(yǔ)。(2)bringforth產(chǎn)生；發(fā)表；生孩子e.g.Theseeffortswillsurelybringforthgoodfruit.這些努力必將產(chǎn)生良好的結(jié)果。(3)dedicateone'stime/life/oneselfto(doing)sth.把……獻(xiàn)給……（to是介詞）dedicatedadj.有奉獻(xiàn)精神的dedicationn.獻(xiàn)身，奉獻(xiàn)12.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynation,soconceived,andsodedicated,canlongendure.現(xiàn)在我們正陷入一場(chǎng)偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之中，它考驗(yàn)著這個(gè)國(guó)家，或者任何一個(gè)生于自由、對(duì)上述理想深信不疑的國(guó)家，能否長(zhǎng)久生存下去。(1)beengagedin從事，忙于engageindoingsth.積極參與做某事beengagedtosb.與某人訂婚(2)“testing...endure”現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾civilwar；

whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。13.Wearemethereonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.我們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的大戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上聚集。

Wearemet相當(dāng)于Wehavemet，是一種比較古老、有詩(shī)意的用法。14.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofitasafinalrestingplacefor

thosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.我們來(lái)到這里，是為了將其中的一部分奉獻(xiàn)給那些為這個(gè)國(guó)家的生存而獻(xiàn)出生命的人們，作為他們的最后安息之地。

此處是who引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾those；“thatthatnationmightlive”是sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，so已省略，第二個(gè)that為指示代詞，thatnation指上文提到的anewnation。15.

Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.

我們這樣做是完全應(yīng)當(dāng)且非常恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

It作形式主語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。16.Butinalargersense,wecannotdedicate-wecannotconsecrate-wecannothallowthisground.但是，從更廣泛意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，我們不能獻(xiàn)出——不能圣化——不能神化這塊土地。

(1)inalargesense從更廣泛的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)。

e.g.Inalargersense,successistheabilitytoachieveyourdreamsandgoalsineachimportantareaofyourlife,ratherthanonlyineducationandwork.從更廣泛意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，成功不單是學(xué)習(xí)和工作中達(dá)成夢(mèng)想和目標(biāo)的能力，而是在生活中每個(gè)重要的領(lǐng)域達(dá)成夢(mèng)想和目標(biāo)的能力。(2)重復(fù)用了三次wecannot，旨在加深聽眾的印象，抒發(fā)強(qiáng)烈的情感，這種修辭法稱為首語(yǔ)重復(fù)（anaphora）。常用于演講稿和詩(shī)歌等文學(xué)作品中。17.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.

那些曾在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的勇士們，無(wú)論是活著的還是死去的，已經(jīng)把這塊土地圣化了，這遠(yuǎn)不是我們微薄的力量所能增減的。

who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Thebravemen。18.Theworldwilllittl