閱讀理解記敘文主旨-2023屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫(xiě)作備考策略

記敘文主旨類(lèi)題型

1.題干特征：

題干中出現(xiàn)mainidea;mainlyabout;best/suitabletitle;等或問(wèn)作者寫(xiě)文章的目的是什么

2.如何定位：

1）當(dāng)記敘文開(kāi)篇敘事時(shí)，主旨通常在文章尾段

2）當(dāng)記敘文不是開(kāi)篇敘事時(shí)，主旨通常在首段

3）當(dāng)記敘文全篇敘事時(shí)，主旨通常需要自己總結(jié)

3.方法：

1）在文中（尤其是首尾段）找?guī)в懈星樯实脑~、短語(yǔ)或句子

2）注意文章中人物的情感與性格特點(diǎn)，想表達(dá)的或從事件中懂得的人生道理

帶有感情色彩的詞或短語(yǔ)示例

1）形容詞類(lèi)：grateful;meaningful;considerate;caring;adorable;critical;aggressive;...

2）名詞類(lèi)：kindness;spirit;gratitude;honesty;friendship;dream;meaning;...

3）動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：realize;appreciate;dawnon;occurto;makesense;reflecton;makeadifference;learnalesson;get

over;...

4.選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：

1）人物加事件

2）人生道理

3）諺語(yǔ)

諺語(yǔ)示例：

Actionspeakslouderthanwords;

Birdsofafeatherflocktogether;

Ifsnevertoooldtolearn;

典型例題1

Toalloftheteachersintheworldwhoarelikeyou,Iwishyouknewhowgratefulparentsareforyou.We

adoreyou,respectyou,andappreciateyou.Wedon'ttellyouenough——weprobablydon'ttellyouever.Iwishwe

couldtakeyouwithustothenext12grades.

題：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Goodwishestoakindergartenteacher

B.Sincerethankstoakindergartenteacher

C.Asweetmemoryofkindergartenlife

D.Akid'sdailybehaviorinthekindergarten

【答案】B

【解析】本段截取自記敘文尾段。由段落中g(shù)rateful;adore;respect;appreciate等帶有感情色彩的詞可知，文

章想表達(dá)家長(zhǎng)對(duì)于老師的感激，因此答案選B

典型例題2

ThiswasasmallmatterbutithadabiginfluenceonMorrow.Hetoldpeopleaboutthisexperiencemany

timesinhislaterlifeandevenwroteaboutitinoneofhisbooks.Morrowrealizedthateachperson'sabilityis

limitedandmanyproblemscan'tbesolvedinoneday.Thus,wemustactstepbystepandreachourgoals

gradually.

題：What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.Don'tcountonaskingthewayonce

B.Don'tbeafraidoflosingtheway

C.Learntomanageonyourown

D.Morrow'sunusualexperience

【答案】A

【解析】本段截取自記敘文尾段。由段落中Morrowrealizethateachperson'sabilityislimitedandmany

problemscan'tbesolvedinoneday.和Thus,wemustactstepbystepandreachourgoalsgradually兩句中得

知，Morrow意識(shí)到的人生道理應(yīng)該是文章主旨，即每個(gè)人的能力是有限的，問(wèn)題不能一天解決，要一步步

逐漸的解決，因此對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)

典型例題3

MamoudouGassama,aMalianmigrant,wonwidespreadpraiseafterclimbingtheoutsideofabuildingtosave

afour-year-oldboyhangingfromabalconyinParis.NowheistobemadeaFrenchcitizen.

ThemayorofParisAnneHidalgowasamongthosetopraisethe22-year-old'sheroismandsaidshehadcalled

himtothankhim.

題：What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Aboywassavedfromabalconyluckily

B.AmigrantwillbecomeacitizenofFrance

C.AMalianmangotaspecialprizeforhisheroism

D.Acarelessfatherputhissonintoadangeroussituation

【答案】C

【解析】此文截取自記敘文首兩段。由第一段中的aMalianmigrant；praise；saveafour-year-oldboy以及

第二段中的praise；heroism等帶有感情色彩的詞得知本文講述一個(gè)移民小伙在救了一個(gè)男孩后因?yàn)樗挠?/p>

雄事跡而被獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)成為法國(guó)公民的事，因此選C

練習(xí)題

1.AsIsatthere,myheartburstingwithpride,itdawnedonmethatIhadtaughthimperseveranceinthefaceof

adversity（逆境），andhehadjusttaughtmethesamelesson.Thatbriefmomentofself-doubtandfeelingsorryfbr

myselfwasblownawaybytheactionsofmysononthebasketballcourt.Hewillplayinthefinals,butitdoesn't

matterifhewinsorloses.Atthismoment,webothwon.

題：Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.LifeGoesJustLikePlayingBasketball

B.ItMattersWhethertoWinorLose

C.ALessoninLifeandBasketball

D.FatherandSoninLife

2.Thafswhyitwasn'tuntilthenextmorningwhenIwokeinahouseintheabsenceofherfootstepsthatthe

tearsfinallycame------andwouldn'tstop.Iunderstoodthatmydaughterhadleftthehouse,andIheldontothe

memoryofherrunning.Whenthetearsstopped,Iwasrelievedthatherbodyknewwhatwasneededonseparation

day,andthatwithourloveandsupport,shehadthecouragetoruntoanunfamiliardistance,toglaceback,yetto

keepmovingforward.

題：Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.AHeartbrokenSeparation

B.TheStoryofaSuccessfulMom

C.HowtoDealWithHomesickness

D.MovingForwardWithLoveandSupport

3.Afterstrugglinginthewaterforover20hours,therecameaU.S.Navyhelicopter.Itbanked,andcircledback

towardthem.UemotoandMcMahonburstintotears.Alone,eitherofthemwouldhavedied.Buttogether,they

madeit.

題：Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ARaceAgainstDeath

B.ATestofFriendship

C.AWonderMadebyJoinedHands

D.AStruggleFoughtintheDarkness

4.Ihopethetripgavekidssomelazy,unstructuredtimetolearnsomethingaboutvaluingthetripinsteadof

lookingforthefastestwaytobumitup.Idon'talwaysmaketherightcallasparentbutIknowthatinbanningthe

smallscreenswemadetherightchoicethistime.

題：Whatisthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.IsDrivingLongDistanceGoodfbrChildren?

B.ATouchingCross-countryTripofMyFamily

C.What'sWrongWithBoredomWithoutHighTech?

D.CreativeKidsoutofParents'ReasonableChoices

5.TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly^^.Ilivemylifewiththegoalofneverhavingto

saythosewords,becausetheyconveyregret,lostopportunities,mistakes,anddisappointment.

IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay“ifonly^^aboutsomething,butmylifeisdefinitelybetter

becauseofmypolicyofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthateventuality.Andeventhoughittakesanextra

minutetodosomethingright,oritoccasionallytakesanhourortwoinmybusyscheduletomakeapersonal

connection,IknowthatI'mdoingtherightthingI'mbuyingmyselfpeaceofmindandthat'sthebestkindof

insuranceformyemotionalwell-being.

題：What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ToKeepEmotionalWell-being

B.ToPrevent"IfOnly“Moments

C.ToFollowtheMostUsefulRule

D.ToAchievethePeaceofMind

6.Sadly,ittookanothertworidiculousDIYprojectstofinallygetthrough.Thecrackswillneverbefullyfilled.

Focus,then,onyourowninnercore,thefeedingoflight,fireandstrength.

題：Whafstheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Todescribeanunforgettableevent

B.ToshowthedangerofDIY

C.Tostresstheimportanceofsleep

D.Toencourageustofocusonourselves

7.Camillewasright.Miraclesawaitus,justaroundthecomer.

題：Whatmessagedoesthepassagemainlyconvey?

A.Neverlosehope

B.Nopain,nogain

C.Everylittlebithelps

D.Wellbegunishalfdone

8.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（犧牲）

toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy."Somenightsmy

heartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,“shesays.However,her

childrenhavelearntanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generation

graduateandaninspirationtoherfamily------andthat'sprettypowerful.

題：WhatcanerlearnfromJennifer'sstory?

A.Timeismoney

B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers（障礙）

C.Hardworkpaysoff

D.Educationisthekeytosuccess

9.Thisincredibleexperienceliftedmyspirits.EverytimeIsawMelduringgamesonTVasIawaitedmy

transplant,Irepeatedtomyself“LookatMel.Ifhecandoit,socanI.”

題：Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Theskillstaughtbymyformercoach

B.Thetransplantgivenbythesamedoctors

C.Mybaseballteamhelpingmeout

D.Mycoach?sspiritsshiningonme

10.ElenaGriffinghasjustspenther72ndyearworkingforthesameSanFranciscoBayAreahospital,andshehas

noplanstostopworkinganytimesoon.Thehospitalhasseenherresent92ndbirthday....

...Now,sheislivingaregularandcomfortablelife,enjoyinggardening,jazzandcomingtowork.Ifshehasher

way,she'llkeepworking“untiltheythrowmeoutortheycarrymeoutinabox”.

題：Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Nevertoooldtowork

B.Aright-handwoman

C.Theoldestwomaninthehospital

D.Anoldwomanwithoutherappendix

11.InOctober,Itoldtheeight-year-oldsintheclassIteachinPomptonLakes,NewJersey,aboutmyplan."I'd

likeallofyoutodoextrajobsaroundthehousetoearnsomemoney,“Isaid."Thenwewillbuyfoodforadinner

forsomeonewhomightnothaveanicedinnerotherwise.,,Ihopedtheycouldexperienceasenseoftheirown

powertoeffectchange....

...Inthatonebriefmoment,theyhadseenforthemselvesthepowertheypossessedtomakeanother'slifebetter.

題：Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Myteachingcareer

B.Howtohelppoorpeople

C.Theimportanceofgiving

D.Ahappyshoppingexperience

12.Therearealwayssomestoriesinthelifethatcanhardlybeforgottenandwillrestoreourhopeforholidays

everytimewerecollect.

題：Whatcanserveasthetitleforthetext?

A.AnunexpectedNewYeardinner

B.Ahard-wonNewYearpresent

C.AtreasuredNewYearmemory

D.Alife-changingNewYearexperience

13.Whenplumbing（管道設(shè)備）makesfunnynoises,ifsnotalwaysagoodsign.ButJohnKovac,aharpist（豎琴

演奏者）fromVirginia,likesthepipestosing.Hethinksplumbingpipesmakegoodmusicalinstruments.

題：Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?

A.MusicalPlumbing

B.AWonderfulHarpist

C.APlumber'sMusicDream

D.TheEastCoastPVCBand

14.Peopledisagreeaboutwhethertheluckcomesforfindingorpossessingaclover.Somebelievethattheluckis

lostifthefour-leafcloverisshowntosomebodyelse,whileothersthinkthattheluckdoublesifitisgiven

away.Ibelievethatpositivityisincreasedbysharing.Ifeelluckytofindthecloverssooften,butIdon'tthink

theyinfluencemylifeanymorethanitdoestoshareanythingalittlespecialwithafriendorastranger.

題：Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?

A.Toadvisereaderstolookforclovers.

B.Toencouragereaderstosharesomethingwithothers.

C.Toshowreaderstheinfluenceofgoodluck.

D.Totellreadersthewayofkeepingclovers.

15....Hecontinued,44Minnielovedthisvillage,andshewantedtokeeponhelpingpeopleaftershewasgone.”

ThoughImovedawaylater,IwouldliketobelieveMinnieisstillincirculation（流通）.Minniestrikesmeas

thekindofwomenwhogoesonforever.

題：Whichofthefollowingbestconveysthemessage?

A.Kindnessisthekeythatunlockstheheart.

B.Hewhoplantskindnessgatherslove.

C.Alittlekindnessgoesalongway.

D.Itisingivingthatwereceive.

參考答案

1.C.本題截取自記敘文尾段。由本段首句中的itdawnonme…andhehadjusttaughtmethesamelesson.

可知，作者教會(huì)了兒子在逆境中學(xué)會(huì)堅(jiān)持，兒子則通過(guò)籃球比賽讓我明白了輸贏并不重要，重要的是堅(jiān)

持。故選C。

2.D.本題截取自記敘文尾段。由本段上半部分能夠推測(cè)出女兒要離開(kāi)家了而身為母親我非常不舍。由本

段最后一句中的withourloveandsupport,...yettokeepmovingforward.得知女兒帶著家人的愛(ài)和期待,

自信勇敢的開(kāi)始人生新的階段。故選D。

3.C.本題截取自記敘文尾段。由本段最后兩句得知，單獨(dú)一個(gè)人，他們兩個(gè)中的任意一個(gè)都會(huì)死，但兩

個(gè)人一起卻成功做到了。C選項(xiàng)聯(lián)手完成的奇跡符合題意。故選C。

4.C.本題截取自記敘文尾段。由本段最后一句中的banningthesmallscreen可知我在旅途中禁止了孩子看

手機(jī)或其他電子產(chǎn)品，并且認(rèn)為自己做了很正確的選擇。故選C。

5.B.本題截取自記敘文的首段和尾段。首段首兩句即點(diǎn)明文章的主旨：ifonly是世界上最悲傷的語(yǔ)言；

我人生目標(biāo)就是不去說(shuō)這兩個(gè)詞。尾段又進(jìn)一步闡述。故選B。

6.D.本題截取自記敘文尾段。根據(jù)本段中最后一句話——...然后把注意力集中在你的內(nèi)在核心，那光、

那火和那力量的滋養(yǎng)——可以推測(cè)作者意識(shí)到我們應(yīng)該把注意力集中在自己身上。故選D。

7.A.本題截取自記敘文尾段。由最后一句——奇跡等著我們，就在拐角處（就在不遠(yuǎn)的前方）——與A

選項(xiàng)永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄希望對(duì)應(yīng)。故選A。

8.C.本題截取自記敘文尾段。從本段第二句得知Jennifer為了學(xué)業(yè)做了很多犧牲。再