初中九年級英語課件Famous Discoveries

StephenHawkingStephenHawkingTheBlackHoleBigBangStephenHawking,theauthorof“ABriefHistoryofTime”(時間簡史)What’syourfirstimpressionofhim?NoBoundaries

Howdoyouunderstandthetitle“Noboundaries”?

understanding:Unanswerablequestionshavenoboundaries.insciencethinkingimaginationbetweentruthandfalsehood（謬誤）thehealthyandthedisablednoboundaries…ScanningWhydidStephenHawkingneedaPhD?WhendidHawkingbecomefamous?WhendidHawkingvisitBeijing?

CarefulReading

Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions1.Howwouldmostpeoplefeelwhentheyweretoldthattheyhadanincurabledisease?2.WhatdidHawkingdowhenhewastoldso?3.ForwhatdidHawkingbecomefamousinthe1970s?4.

WhatdidHawkingexplaininthebookABriefHis-toryofTime?

Theywillprobablyfeelverysadandgiveuptheirdreamsandhopesforthefuture.

Insteadofgivingup,hewentonwithhisresearch,gothisPhDandmarriedthegirl.Hecontinuedhisexploration…andtraveled…togivelectures.

HebecamefamousforhavingmadenewdiscoveriesabouttheBigBangandblackholeswithRoger….---Inthebook,heexplainsbothwhatitmeanstobeascientistandhowscienceworks.Hetellsreadershowdiscoveriesaremadeandhow….5.AccordingtoHawking,howdopeoplemisunderstandscience?6.Whatarethebasicstepsofthescientificmethod?7.WhatisitthatHawkingdoesn’tlikeabouthisspeechcomputer?

Peopleoftenthinkthatscienceisabout“true”factsthatneverchange.Scientists,ontheotherhand,knowthattheirjobisneverfinishedandthateventhebesttheorycanbeturnedouttobewrong.

(l4-p.4)—first,observe—then,explain-buildatheory—finally,testthetheory-ifitmatches-ifitcanpredict—useexperiments—useamodeltotestthetheory

TheonlytroubleisthatitgivesHawking,whoisBritish,anAmericanaccent.(ItistheAmericanaccentthatHawkingdoesn’tlikeaboutit.)“…youmaynothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.”Howwouldyoufeel?

StephenHawking“…notexpecttosurvivethatlong….engaged…”paragraph2paragraph3universe…time…?…universe…begin?…blackholes…?blackholesparagraph4ABriefHistoryofTimeparagraph5scienceMisunderstandings…scientificmethodscientificmethodobservebuildatheorytestuseamodelUseexperimentsparagraph6paragraph7“…theonlytrouble…”TrueorfalseHawkingwastoldthathehadanincurablediseasewhenhewasjust21yearsold.FinallyHawkinghadtogiveupPhDandhisresearch.HeandRogerPenrosemadenewdiscoveriesabouttheBigBangandblackholes.“ABriefHistoryofTime”istoodifficultforpeopletounderstand.Scienceisabouttruefactsthatneverchange.WhenHawkinggiveslectures,healwaysspeaksthroughacomputer.TFTTFFskimmingReadingcomprehension:1.Hawkingbecamefamous______.A.whenhewastwentyoneB.in1998C.intheearly1970sD.when“ABriefHistoryofTime”cameout2.Ascientifictheoryis______.A.goodifitcanpredictfutureevevtsB.theresultofthescientificmethodC.abouthowthingshappenandthecauseandeffortsD.trueifitisdifficult3.Insteadofgivingup,Hawkingwentonwith_____.A.hisPhDB.engagementtoagirlC.hisresearchD.noneoftheaboveCBC4.In2002,HawkingvisitedChinaandspoketouniversitystudentsin________.A.HangzhouB.BeijingC.ShanghaiD.bothAandB5.In1998HawkingwroteABriefHistoryofTime,which_____.A.explainswhatitmeanstobeascientistB.explainshowscienceworksC.introducessomescientificmethodsD.explainsbothitmeanstobeascientistandhowscienceworksDD6.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthetext?____.A.Hawkingisfamousforhisnewdiscoveries.B.Peopleshouldcometotermswiththeirfate.C.Ascientifictheoryisalwayswrong.D.Anyonewithgreatdeterminationwillachievehissuccess.7.Fromthetextwecaninferthat_____.A.HawkinggotmarriedtoJaneWildebeforehefellill.B.scienceisalwaystrue.C.HawkingisanAmerican.D.greatscientistsalwayswanttoknowmore.DD

StephenHawkingisafamousBritishscientist.Heissufferingfromanincurabledisease.Whenhelearnedabouthisillness,hefelttheredidnotseemmuchpointinworkingonhisPhD.Hedidnotexpecttosurvivethatlong.Infact,twoyearslater,thingsweregoingwellforhimandhehadgotengagedtoagirl.Inordertogetmarried,heneededajob.Insteadofgivingup,hewentonwithhisresearch.Hecontinuedhisexplorationofthetheuniverseandtraveledaroundtogivelectures.Intheearly1970s,hebecamefamousforhisnewdiscoveriesabouttheBigBangandblackholes.In1988,hewroteABriefHistoryofTime,whichquicklybecameabest-seller.In2002,hevisitedChinaandspoketotheuniversitystudentsinHangzhouandBeijing.(139words)WhoHowever,2yearssufferingfromlearnedaboutseemmuchpointingotengagedtowentonwithtraveledaroundbecamefamousfor

Thefollowingquestionsandkeywordsandexpressionsmayhelpyou.1.Wheredoeshecomefrom?–Britain2.Whatishesufferingfrom?–anincurabledisease3.Howdidhefeelwhenhelearnedabouthisillness?–notseemmuchpointin/notexpecttosurvive4.Howwerethethingsaftertwoyearshadpassed?

–goingratherwell/getengagedto5.Whydidheneedajob?–inordertogetmarried6.Whatdidhedoinsteadofgivingup?–goonwithhisresearch/getaPhDandmarry/continuehisexplora-tionof/travelaroundtheworld7.Whatdidhedointhe1970s,in1988andin2002?–becomefamous/writeabook/visitChinaHawking’sdream…

TogetmarriedTogetajobGetaPhDMydreamis…

To…To…DiscussionHowcanwegrowricewherethereislittlewater?(usingthescientificmethod)DiscussionDiscussionDiscussion1.Howcanwegrowriceinareaswherethereislittlewater?2.HowcanImakemybikefaster?3.Howcanweknowwhatlifewaslike5,000yearsago?4.HowcanIimprovemyEnglish?

Wecandevelopanewkindofricethatdoesn’tneedmuchwater.

Wecanfixanelectricenginetothebike.

Peoplelivedincaves,woreskinsofanimals,atewildfruitsandwildanimals.

YoucanimproveyourEnglishbylisteningmore,speakingmoreandpractisingmore.languagepointsbea

geniusatsth

做某事是天才/haveageniusfordoingsth1.Geniusisneededtosolvethisproblem.

AissimilartoBThecaraccidentwassimilartotheonethathappenedin1973.

undertake著手做某事;進行;從事/承擔(dān);同意答應(yīng)

undertakeajourney/undertakearevolutionarytask1.sheundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.2.Sheundertooktopaybackthemoneywithinsixmonths.3.Wecanundertaketheworkforthetimebeing.4.Sheherselfundertookthepreparationoftheroom.5.Heundertooktheleadershipoftheteam.

undertaketodoundertakedoing

（）

Undertake接從句時，“保證”I’llundertakethatallstudentscanstudywell.X

mind思想，頭腦，有頭腦的人Hedoesn’thaveaparticularcomplexmindHeisthegreatestmindofourtime.Amanofweakmind.

fire熱情，激情，興奮Theboywasfulloffireandcourage.Aspeechthatlacksfire

beonfirefor

對…充滿激情/有熱情Thescientistisonfireforouterspace.

debateAftermuch/alongdebatehewaschosencaptainoftheteam.Theproposalisunderdebate.Curious好奇的,渴望知道的,奇怪的Curiouseyes/neighbors/behaviorChildrenarenaturallycuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.I’mcurioustoknowwhatiswritteninhisletter.I’mcurioushowhewilldoit.Itiscuriousthatheshouldhavefailedintherace.

Thereisnodoubtthat…..毫無疑問Therewasnodoubtthathehadbeenmisunderstood.2.Thereislittledoubtthathewillsucceed.3.Thereissomedoubtwhetherheisguilty.4.Thereisnodoubtabout/ofhishonesty.5.Hedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp6.Idoubt(that)hewillcometotheparty.認為…不

promising

adj有前途的，有希望的1）Heisapromisingnewpainter.Theweatherlookspromising.Thewheatlookspromising.

promiseverb/noun(許諾;諾言)V-promisetodo/thatclauseN-makeapromise

thetopuniversitytopstudentthetopnews一流大學(xué)尖子生頭條新聞1.Thereisnopointindoingsth．“做某事沒有作用或沒有意義”。

e.g

Thereisnopointinarguingfurther.繼續(xù)爭執(zhí)下去沒有意義了。

Thereisnopointincryingnow.現(xiàn)在哭也沒什么用了。2.Theredidn’tseemmuchpointindoingsth.

（therebe(live,stand,come,enter,remain,exist,begin,lie,occur,rise,appear…)某處有（住著，站著，出來，進來，存在，開始，躺者，發(fā)生……)Thereseemednopointindoingsth.Thereisnopointindoingsth.

Thereisn’tmuchpointindoingsth.YettwoyearshadgonebyandIwasnotthatmuchworse．

goby

“(時間)過去、走過、輕易放過（時機等）、依照”Timewentbysoquickly.Wewerealreadyattheendofoursummerholiday．

時間過得真快，轉(zhuǎn)眼我們已經(jīng)要結(jié)束暑假了。

Youshouldgobytherules.你應(yīng)該照章辦事。Don’tlettheopportunitygoby.不要放過這一機會。3.Yettwoyearshadgone

byandIwasnotthat(seep.151–Note5)muchworse.

goby:A.topassB.toactaccordingtoC.tojudgebyD.tobecalled()

①

Howcanheletthechancegoby.()②

HegoesbythenameofSmith,butIdidn’t

knowwhohereallyis.

()③Youshouldgobywhatthedoctorsays.

()④Goingbyherclothes,shemustbeverypoor.get／beengagedtosb．“與某人訂婚”湯姆和瑪麗訂婚了。1）TomwasengagedtoMary.2)TomandMarywereengaged.

beengagedin(on)+n．／doingsth．從事(工作)的，忙于……的Shewasengagedinprotectingwildbirds．

她從事保護野生鳥類的工作。

…Ihadgotengagedtoaverynicegirl.()①CanyoucomeonMonday?–No,I’mengaged.()②Sorry,thelineisengaged.Justaminute.()③Excuseme,butisthisseatengaged?()④Mydaughterisengagedtoaniceyoungdoctor.A.beinuseB.agreetomarryC.bebusyD.bekeptforsbtouselaterworkon+n./pron./v.-ing

從事于;對．．產(chǎn)生影響；

繼續(xù)工作

e.g.Themedicinewillworkontheaffectedpart.

Heisworkingoninventinganewmachineforofficework.Theywillworkontillsunset.Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehadalwaysdreamof.他也沒有讓病魔阻止他過上他一直夢想的生活。表示否定意義的副詞或連詞等位于句首時，句子通常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。NeverdidIdreamofseeinghiminAmerica.

我真沒想到會在美國見到他。Thefirstonewasn’tgood,andneither

wasthesecond.Nowhere

couldI

seehim.Notasingleword

didhe

say.7.Hawkinghascontinuedtoseekanswerstoquestionsaboutthenatureoftheuniverse.()Youshouldseekadvicefromyourlawyeronthismatter./()Whowerethesemen,andforwhatweretheyseeking?/()TheywenttoEuropetoseekafterBADthetruth./(c

)ThereIsoughtoutadistantrelativewhoworkedinasmallfilmstudio.

lookforB.askforC.findoutD.insearchof

turnout+adj.turnout+tobe證明是；結(jié)果是；turnout+todo原來是turnout+that

Everythingturnedoutwell.Therumorturnedout(tobe)true.Itturnout(that)twotravellershadbeenkilled.Theweathermansaiditwasgoingtorainthisafternoonbutitturnouttobelovely.

observe+n.觀察，遵守，慶祝

observe+n.+doing/doobserve+thatclause

1.Iobservedaletteronthetable.Hisneighborobservedastrangergoing/gointothehouse.Iobservedthatseveralstudentswereasleep.4.DotheyobserveChristmasDayinthatcountry?5.Anyonewhocomesheremustobservetherules.

predict+n.predict+that/wh-Predictaperson’sfuturePredicttomorrow’sweather.Isitpossibletopredictwhenonewilldie?**PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:

①

Shehasobservedthestarsallherlife.()/②

Theywereobservedenteringthebank.()/③

Heobservedwhatwasgoingonbetweenthem.()/④

Wemustobservetheseprinciplesinouraction.()/⑤Ihavelittletoobserveonwhathasbeensaid.()A.obeyB.sayC.watchcarefullyD.noticeE.seeCD.(E)DABThescientiststestthetheorytoseeifitmatcheswhattheyhaveseenandifitcanpredictfutureevents.

①

Youcan’tmatchhiminknowledgeofwildplants./②Thishotelcan’tbematchedforgoodserviceandfood./③Thecurtainsdon’tmatchthepaint./④Ineedsomeyellowwoodlikethis;canyoumatchit,please?⑤Hematchedhisdogagainsthisneighbor’sinarace.11.Peoplesometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.

think/consider/feel/find/make+it+adj./n.+todosth./that…PutthefollowingintoEnglish:①我認為學(xué)好英語并不難。

②今天能和你一起在這里，我把它看成一個極大的榮譽。

③我覺得幫助后進的學(xué)生是我的義務(wù)。

④他發(fā)覺不可能按時把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。

⑤現(xiàn)代科學(xué)已經(jīng)使人類到太空去旅行成為可能的了。

Idon’tthink

itdifficult/hardtolearnEnglishwell.Iconsideritagreathonortobeherewithyoutoday.Ifeel

itmydutytohelpthelessadvancedstudents.

Hefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.

Modernsciencehasmade

itpossibleformantotravelinspace.12.Peoplewhohearitoftensayitsoundsjustlikea….

link-v.

look/sound/feel/taste/smell/appear/seem+adj./n.

look/sound/feel/seem/tastelike+n.Fillintheblankswithaproperlink-v.oralink-v.+like:①Thismeat’sbeencookedtoolongand______terrible.②Theflowersinthegarden_____verysweet.③He_______meinthefaceverycarefully,_______moreseriousthaneverbefore.④Youridea___________averygoodone.⑤It______asifthegovernmentdon’tknowwhattodo.⑥I____surethatnobodycanmatchhiminfootball.⑦He_______tobeyourfriend,butIdoubtifheis.⑧It___________yearssinceIlastsawyouinJapan.tastessmelllookedlookingsounds(like)soundsfeelappears

looksseems

seemslikeUsefulexpressions1.一位有希望的研究生2.頂尖的大學(xué)3.不治之診4.放棄5.希望未來6.做某事沒意義7.經(jīng)過,時間過去8.與某人訂婚9.繼續(xù)研究工作10.夢想11.在20世紀70年代初期12.尋找問題的答案13.發(fā)現(xiàn)14.根據(jù)15.在另一方面16.結(jié)果是,證明是17.科學(xué)方法18.用實際的方法19.聽起來象20.美國口音21.檢驗理論

LeonardodaVinciwasag_______(天才）inmanyfields.2.Greatpoetsusuallydrawi_________(靈感）fromnaturalscenery.3.Thingsfalltothegroundbecauseofthepullofg______(地球引力）.4.Thisisana_________(農(nóng)業(yè))people,formostofthemareengagedinagriculture.5.Hisfatherworksinab_____(部分)ofBankofChinainthiscity.6.I’msorrytosayyouareo_______(顯然)wrongonthismatter.7.Theywered______(爭論)whetherheshouldbechosenascaptainoftheteam.8.You’dbettermakeacarefula_______(分析)firstifyouwanttosolvethisproblem.9.Asthedrive,youshouldu__________(擔(dān)負)theresponsibilityfortheaccident.eniusnspiration

ravitygriculture

ranchbviouslyebatingnalysis

ndertakeAspidercanmake_______thatismuch_______thanmostman–madematerials.2.Aspider’s_________doesn’t______easily.3.Bestofall,thespiderproducesthe________withouttheuseof_________or___