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Restrictive
RelativeClause
限定性定語從句(復(fù)習(xí))Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresAttheendofthelesson,studentswillbeabletoidentifytheform,meaningandfunctionofrestrictiverelativeclausesbyusingthemethodsofobservation-discovery-induction-practice-applicationuserelativeclausestodescribepeopleorthingsingreaterdetailbothinoralandwrittenway.
LearningobjectivesNote1:定語從句:當(dāng)我們把一個句子用來做________去修飾一個_____________時,這個句子就稱為定語從句。Note2:被定語從句限定的詞叫做_________,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做___________,分別是_______________和___________。定語名詞或者代詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Review定從先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句限定性定從(5+3)非限定性定從(4+2)關(guān)系代詞(5)關(guān)系副詞(3)①看先行詞②看從句完整性(代入法)①只用that/which
②prep.+which/whom③theway結(jié)構(gòu)類別關(guān)系詞
做題步驟
特殊情況定從先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句關(guān)系代詞(5)關(guān)系副詞(3)結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞跟在名詞或代詞后面起修飾限制作用的從句Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizens
who
livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandothersitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace
where
theyweresafefromwater.
ReviewofAttributiveClause:ComparisonandDiscovery(P6)Whatdothesetwosentenceshaveincommon?Afterlisteningtothescientists(
whohadstudiedtheproblem),andcitizens
(wholivednearthedam),thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace(
wheretheyweresafefromthewater.)
ReviewofAttributiveClause:ComparisonandDiscovery(P6)關(guān)代關(guān)代主賓定先行詞thatwhichwhowhomwhose人/物物人人人/物whose:“...的”。判斷方法:
符合“n______n”且前后有所屬關(guān)系。Thehouse_______doorisblackisMr.Li’s.Theboy______nameisLeoismycousin.whosewhose注意:先行詞充當(dāng)動詞賓語時關(guān)系詞可省略。只用that不用which:1)先行詞是不定代詞或被他們修飾:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。3)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。4)先行詞既有人又有物時。1.宜用that不宜用which的情況:(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,nothing,some,one等不定代詞或者被all,much,little,no,any,few等詞修飾時。All_____canbedonehasbeendone.
一切能做的都已經(jīng)做完了。Doyouhaveanything_____youwanttosayaboutthepainting?關(guān)于這幅畫,你有什么什么想說的?
Allthatanythingthat注意1.宜用that不宜用which的情況:(2)當(dāng)先行詞被
theonly,thevery等修飾時。Musicistheonlything_____
interestsme.音樂是我唯一感興趣的東西(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisisthemostshockingnews____
Ihaveeverheard.這是我聽過的最令人震驚的消息。thattheonlythemostshockingthat關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于先行詞在從句中作成分wherewhenwhyin,at等介詞+which表示地點的名詞at,in,on,during等介詞+which地點狀語表示時間的名詞時間狀語for+whichreason原因狀語(與關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系)關(guān)副關(guān)系副詞先行詞狀語when(=prep.+which)where(=prep.+which)why(=for+which)時間時間地點reason地點原因prep+which/whom:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時,介詞常常放到關(guān)系詞前面。介+which(先行詞是物)介+whom(先行詞是人)Thehousein______helivesisreallybig.Theboywith______heusuallyplaysisalsogoodatstudy.whichwhom注意:表抽象地點的名詞如point,position,case,stage等也用where1.Where引導(dǎo)定語從句時,先行詞為表示地點的名詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,可用“in,at等介詞+which”來替換。Theschoolwheremystudiesisnearapark.=Theschoolinwhichmystudiesisnearapark.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的用法Thisistheplace_____(which/where)Ispendmychildhood.Thisistheplace_____(which/where)Ivisitedlastsummer.第一空填where(從句中spend是謂語,mychildhood是賓語where代指theplace在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語)第二空填which(which指代前面的theplace在從句中充當(dāng)visit的賓語)做題步驟代入還原法。將先行詞代入從句中,看其充當(dāng)?shù)某煞症?/p>
充當(dāng)主、賓、定:關(guān)系代詞→先行詞指人還是指物②
充當(dāng)狀語:關(guān)系副詞→先行詞指時間、地點或是reason1.Thisisacity__________isknowntoall.2.Thisisacity_______developmentisfast.3.Thisisacity______Ilivedin.4.Thisisacity______Ilived.which/thatwhosewhichwhereWhen引導(dǎo)定語從句時,先行詞為表示時間的名詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語,可用“at,in,on,during等介詞+which”來替換。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheteam.=I’llneverforgettheday
onwhich
Ijoinedtheteam.I'llwillneverforeverthedays______(which/when)wespendtogether.I'llwillneverforeverthedays______(which/when)welivetogetherinthecountry.第一空填which(which指代前面的thedays在從句中充當(dāng)spend的賓語)第二空填when(從句中we是主語,live是謂語,inthecountry是賓語,when指代thedays在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語)關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于被代替的先行詞在從句中作成分wherewhenwhyin,at等介詞+which表示地點的名詞at,in,on,during等介詞+which地點狀語表示時間的名詞時間狀語for+whichreason原因狀語PracticeRewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.Example:Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→Thefreeapp(that/which)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.Tips:用定語從句重組句子:第一步:明確主句和從句。第二步:找出先行詞,確定它在主句中的功能。第三步:根據(jù)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞或副詞在從句中的功能,確定使用哪個關(guān)系代詞或副詞。難度:1.Thisisacity________isknowntoall.2.Thisisacity_____developmentisfast.3.Thisisacity_____Ilivedin.4.Thisisacity_____Ilived.5.Thisisacity_____Iwasborn.6.Thisisagirl________isfondofmusic.7.Thisisagirl_________Ilike.which/thatwhosewhichwherewherewho/thatwho/whom1.I’llneverforgetthedays________________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace________________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_______________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason___________hegave.when/inwhichthat/whichwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichthat/whichPractice:易錯題辨析練習(xí):Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone難度:即時鞏固單句語法填空1.(2022全國新高考Ⅰ)Producingfood
nooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother
resourcesusedtogrowit.2.(2022全國新高考Ⅰ)Someofourmemoriesarefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyears
ourchildrenwerelittle.3.(2022全國新高考Ⅰ)Inaworld
nearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,
“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.4.(2021全國甲)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywall
hassurvivedChina'slonghistory.that/which
whenwherethat1.Doyouknowthereason____shegotsoangryjustnow?2.Theoldhouse______windowwasdamagedinthestormisnowunderrepair.3.Thereason_________hegavedidn'tpersuademe.4.Thepolicehopedtofindoutthemoment____hewaskilled.
5.Hefledfromtheplace____therewerelotsofpeople.6.Australiaistheonlycountry_____coversanentirecontinent(大洲).whywhosewhich/thatwhenwherethat1.I’llneverforgetthedays________________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace________________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_______________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason___________hegave.when/inwhichthat/whichwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichthat/whichPractice:易錯題辨析GroupWorkA:Whatisalibrary?B:Alibraryisa
placefromwhichyoucanborrowbooks.B:Alibraryisa
placeinwhichyoucanreadbooks/finishyourpaper.B:Alibraryisaplacewhereyoucanread/borrowbooks.2.What’sagoodfriend?(towhom;who)A:Whatisagoodfriend?B:Agoodfriendissomeonetowhomyoucantellyourstress/secret/problems/recommendinterestingbooks.B:Agoodfriendissomeonewho/whomyoucanshareyourhappinessandsadnesswith/getsupportfrom/tellyourstress/secret/problemsto.
Agoodfriendissomeonewhocanhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble/makesyoufeelwarmandsafeNon-restrictive
RelativeClause
非限定性定語從句指代內(nèi)容功能(所做成分)是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法人;物物人人(人/物)的主語,賓語主語,賓語主語,賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省Ilikethegirlwhoisourmonitor.IlikeMary,whoisourmonitor.Themanwhoisourgeographyteacherisveryhumorous.Mr.Guo,whoisourgeographyteacher,isveryhumorous.Theboysleptwithhismouthwatering,whichmadeuslaugh.Workinpairsandcircletherightrelativepronounsoradverbs.1.Footballisagamethat/which/whoislikedbymostboys.2.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/whichtheearthquakehappened.3.Thegirlthat/who/whichspoketomejustnowismyclassmate.4.Thisisthefilmwhich/that/whereIlikebest.5.Thisistheparkwhere/whenweheldabirthdayparty.定語從句的解題步驟:1.找先行詞2.代入定語從句3.定關(guān)系詞作主語作狀語作主語作賓語作狀語Grammarsummary限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句作用功能關(guān)系詞指代賓語時形式修飾先行詞修飾先行詞或整個句子無逗號有逗號對先行詞進行限制,刪除后句子意思不完整對先行詞進行補充說明,刪除后句子意思仍完整5+3(which只能指代物)4+2(沒有that和why)(which還可指代一整個主句)不能省略能省略
Summary定語從句定語:相當(dāng)于
,修飾名詞或代詞形容詞構(gòu)成:名詞或代詞+
+從句關(guān)系詞分類:限制性:
;
非限制性:
;說明正在談?wù)摰娜?、物或事給出額外的補充信息關(guān)系詞:關(guān)系代詞:
:指人,作主語或賓語;
:指人,作賓語;
:指事、物,作主語或賓語;
:指人或事、物,作主語或賓語;
:與所修飾的名詞為所屬關(guān)系,作定語;
:作地點狀語;
:作時間狀語;
:作原因狀語;whowhomwhichthatwhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)系副詞:as引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.表示“正如”,多放于句首,有時也可以句中。asisknowntoall=asweallknowasisreportedasismentionedaboveasisexpected...way做先行詞時:若充當(dāng)主語、賓語,則用that/which;若充當(dāng)方式狀語,則用that/inwhich/×。Thisistheway_______IlearnEnglish.Thisistheway_______hethoughtoftolearnEnglish.PracticeUsetherelativepronounsoradverbstocompletetherelativeclauses.1.Abookstoreisaplace_________booksaresold.2.There’remanyplays___________I’dliketosee.3.Thegirl_______issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.4.Istillremembe
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