f4考試共道選擇題案例筆答題分鐘閱讀時(shí)間實(shí)景課秋季

OverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholePartEssentialelementsofthelegalLawandthelegalSourcesofFormationofaContentofaBreachofcontractandremedies6.ThelawoftortsandprofessionalPartThelawofOverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholePartContractofDismissalandPartTheformationandAgency12.TheformationandconstitutionofaOverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholePartofcompaniesShareLoanCapitalmaintenanceanddividendPartandregulationofcompaniesCompanyOthercompanyofficers18.CompanymeetingsandresolutionsOverviewofthewholeOverviewofthewholeParttocompaniesindifficultyorincrisis19.InsolvencyandPartCriminalbehaviour20.FraudulentandcriminalOverviewOverviewofthewholeAssessmentmethodsandformatoftheAssessmentmethodsandformatoftheFormatoftheQuestionChosenanswerbasedonthebasicprinciplesoflawsandregulationsThesewillalwaysbecasestudyquestionsfortheapplicationofknowledge.TipsfortheTipsfortheF4F4考試共45道選擇題，5道案例筆答題，15分為application-basedquestion。Application-basedquestion的答題方法I-IdentifythelegalissueS-StatetherelevantlawA-Applythelaw?TipsfortheTipsfortheF4?則難以簡(jiǎn)化意思完整句子小的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤不扣分多分段多看題（practice,practice,practice），多做題要勤動(dòng)筆寫(xiě)，確保你知道的東西能寫(xiě)出來(lái)????partpartESSENTIALELEMENTSOFTHELEGALChapterChapterEssentialelementsofthelegalSlideChapterLawandtheChapterLawandthelegalChapter??a)DefinelawanddistinguishtypesofExplainthestructureandoperationofSlideChapter1LawandChapter1LawandthelegalCourtTypesofCourtCivilCriminalcourtsEuropeancourtsCivilCriminalSlideChapter1Chapter1Lawandthelegal1.Define?Inorderforsocietytofunctioneffectivelydegreeoforderisrequired.Inoursocietyprovidesanimportantpartofthemechanismsrequiredtocreateandmaintainsocialorder.SlideChapter1Chapter1Lawandthelegal2.Distinguishtypesof??2.1CivilThisistheformofprivatelawusedbyindividualstoasserttheirrightsagainstotherindividuals,theaimbeingtoprovidecompensatoryremedies,notpunishthem.CasesareusuallycitedintheformofBrownvSlideChapter1Chapter1Lawandthelegal2.Distinguishtypesof??2.2CriminalThisisanaspectofpubliclawseekingtoregulatebehaviournotapprovedbytheState,theaimbeingtoenforcethelaw,andpunishoffenders.CrimesareoffencescommittedagainstthelawofthelandandcasesareusuallycitedintheformofRvBrown.SlideChapter1LawandthelegalDistinguishtypesof2.3Chapter1LawandthelegalDistinguishtypesof2.3DistinctionbetweenCivilandCriminalSlideofproofBalanceofBeyondreasonableGuilty/NotChapterChapter1Lawandthelegal2.DistinguishtypesofThekeyfeaturesthatdistinguishthecriminallawsystemfromthecivillawsysteminclude:Criminallawhasdistinctcourtsoffirstinstancei.e.theMagistratesandCrowncourtTheburdenofprooflieswiththeProsecutionratherthantheThestandardofproofis‘beyondreasonabledoubt’ratherthan‘inthebalanceofprobabilities’Criminallawisaformofpubliclawbroughtforactionsagainstthestate,ratherthantheprivatelawassociatedwithcivillaw.CriminallawaimstopunishThecourtshaveremediesallowingthemtopunishoffendersi.e.Prisonsentencesandfines.CriminalcasesarequotedasRvGuiltmaybedecidedbyajury,ratherthanjudgealoneasincivilChapterLawandthelegalChapterLawandthelegal3.ExplainthestructureoftheHouseofCourtofHighCountySlideChapterLawandthelegalChapterLawandthelegal3.ExplainthestructureoftheHouseofCourtofHighCrownSlideChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.ExplaintheChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.Explaintheoperationofthe???CivilTrackproceduresSmallclaimsForclaimsofupto￡5,000,partiesneednotattendtheFastForclaimsbetween￡5,000-￡25,000,standarddirectionsfortrialpreparationaregivenandamaximumofonedayincourtisallocatedforMultiForcaseswithavalueover￡25,000,thereisnostandardprocedure.Howeverarangeofcasemanagementtoolsareusedina‘mixandmatch’waytosuitindividualcaserequirements.???SlideChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.ExplaintheChapter1Lawandthelegalsystem4.Explaintheoperationofthe??4.1.2MagistratesIncivilcasesthemagistratemayhearfamilyproceedingsinadditiontohavingpowersofrecoveryinrelationtocounciltaxanddomesticbills.CountyBroadlyspeakingtheCountycourtwillhearcasesofsmallclaimsandfasttrackbasis,AsaruletheCountycourtcanhearcasesuptoavalueof￡15kiftheyare‘complex’or￡50kiftheyare‘simple’.CertaincasesarehoweverdeemedtooimportantforaCountycourttohear;theseincludefatalaccidentsandprofessionalnegligence.??SlideChapterLawandtheChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe?HighThemorechallengingmulti-trackcaseswillbeheardintheHighCourt.TheHighcourt,althoughbasedinLondon,mayhearcasesanywhereinEnglandandWales,andhasthreeciviladministrativedivisions:–TheQueensBenchDivision–hearscasesrelatingcontractandtort,itsjudgesarespecialistsincommercialTheChanceryDivision–hearscasesrelatingtoland,bankruptcy,companyandpartnershiplaw.TheFamilyDivision–hearsallcasesrelatedchildrenandmatrimonial––ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe??CourtofTheCourtofAppealwillhearappealsfromthethreedivisionsoftheHighCourt,thecountycourtandvarioustribunals.Theappealsproceduretakestheformofarehearingofthecase,usingatranscriptofthecaseandthejudge’snotes.Witnessesarenotre-examinedandnewevidenceisnotusuallypermitted.??SupremeJusticesoftheSupremeCourthearappealsfromtheCourtofAppeal,andoccasionallyleapfrogappealsfromtheHighChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe??EuropeanCourtofJusticeSitedinLuxembourgthefunctionoftheECJistoensurethat‘intheinterpretationandapplicationofthisTreaty,thelawisobserved’.ItistheultimateauthorityonEClaw.ThecourthearsdisputesbetweennationsandinstitutionsoftheEU.ItoperatesbyconsideringwrittenquestionssubmittedbyanyEnglishcourt,uponwhichitgivesitsdecision.ItisthenthedutyoftheEnglishcourttoapplythisdecisioninthedomesticcasebeforeThecourtconsistsof27judges,assistedby8AdvocatesGeneral.ThoughhavingthepowertooverruletheSupremeCourtpertheFactortame(1)case,thispowerisonlyinrespectofmattersconcerningEClaw.??ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe??EuropeanCourtofHumanRightsSittinginStrasbourgthisistheSupremecourtoftheCouncilofEurope,thisbeingabodyof41EuropeancountriesboundbytheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights(ECHR),andisatotallyseparatebodytotheEU.ThecourtisresponsibleforallmattersrelatingtotheinterpretationandapplicationoftheConvention.TheECtHRconsistsof41judgeswhoalthoughchosenfromeachstate,sitasindividuals.Theyaregenerallyelectedfortermsof6years.AllfinaljudgementsofthecourtarebindingonthedefendantStatesconcerned.?ChapterLawandtheChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe???CriminalThemaincategoriesofcriminalTherearetwomaincategoriesofcriminaloffencesas–Summaryoffences–thosesubjecttomaximumpunishmentssixmonthsImprisonmentand/or￡5,000Indictableoffences–thosesubjecttomaximumsentencesinexcessofsixmonthsimprisonmentand/or￡5,000fine.Either-wayoffences–suchastheft,drugandsomeinvolvingviolenceagainstthepersonaretriablebyeithertheMagistratesorCrowncourt––ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe???4.2.2Thiscourtisempoweredtotrysummaryoffenceswithoutajury,ortocommitdefendantschargedwithanindictableoffencetotheCrownCourt.AdefendantmayappealeithertheconvictionorsentencetotheCrownCourt.AlternativelyeitherthedefendantortheprosecutionmayappealbywayofacasestatedappealtotheHighCourtonapointoflaw.CrownHearsallindictablecases,andcanconfirm,reverse,oranypartofthejudgementoftheMagistrates?ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal4.Explaintheoperationofthe?HighTheDivisionalCourtoftheQueen’sBenchDivisionoftheCourtwillhearcasestatedappealsonlyfromthemagistrates.CourtofAppealTheCriminalDivisionoftheCourtofAppealwillhearagainstconvictionsandsentencesimposedbytheCrownSupremeTheJusticeswillhearappealsfromeithertheprosecutionorthedefencefromeithertheCourtofAppealortheHigh??ChapterLawandthelegalLectureexampleCRIMINALVSChapterLawandthelegalLectureexampleCRIMINALVSCIVIL?FillinthefollowingInacriminalcasethe.Iffoundguiltywillfollow.IncivilcaseIfsuesthearemedywillbeawarded.Themostcommonremedy.SlideChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegalAnswertoLectureExample??????SlideChapterLawandthelegalChapterSlideChapterLawandthelegalChapterSlide1TypesofThemaincategoriesofEnglishlawcanbedefinedasCivilandCriminal.2TheECJistheultimatesourceoflawonmattersrelatingtoEClaw,withtheECtHRreigningsupremeonallmattersrelatingtotheprotectionofcivilrights.3Thecivillawispursuedthroughthecivilcourthierarchy,withthetrackproceduresbeingimplementedtospeeduptheprogressofcasesthroughthecourts.ChapterLawandthelegalChapterLawandthelegalChapterSlide4Thecriminallawispursuedprimarilythroughthemagistratesandcrowncourts.ChapterLawChapterLawandthelegalCase1TheHouseofLordsreferredthelegitimacyoftheMerchantShippingAct1998totheECJ,givenitwasdraftedinawaythatdiscriminatedagainstSpanishfisherman.TheECJruledthattheTreatyofRomerequireddomesticcourtstogiveeffecttodirectlyenforceableprovisionsofCommunitylaw,indoingso;suchcourtsarerequiredtoignoreanynationallawthatrunscountertoCommunitylaw.IndoingsotheHouseofLordseffectivelybecameboundbythedecisionsoftheECJinsuchmatters.SlideChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal1.Danhasbeenaccusedofacriminaloffenceandisduetobetriedsoon.Hedeniesresponsibility,claimingthattheprosecutionhasnoevidencethathecommittedtheoffenceinquestion.Whichofthefollowingdescribesthestandardofproofinacriminalcase?OnthebalanceofprobabilityOnthebalanceofcertaintyBeyondreasonabledoubtBeyondevidentdoubtChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal2.InthecontextoftheEnglishlegalsystem,whichofthefollowingcourtsONLYhasciviljurisdiction?CountycourtHighCourtChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal3.InthecontextoftheEnglishlegalsystem,whichofthefollowingcourtsONLYhascriminaljurisdiction?CrownCourtCountycourtChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegalImranclaimsthatZakoweshim￡1,000asresultofabreachofcontract.InwhichcourtwillImranstarthisactionagainstZak?Themagistrates’courtThecountycourtTheHighChapterLawChapterLawandthelegal?5.InwhichcourtwouldyouexpecttofindFamilyATheMagistrates'BTheCourtofQueen'sBenchCTheCountyDTheHigh?ChapterLawandChapterLawandthelegal?6.WithinthehierarchyofthecourtscourtorcourtsareboundbytheABCDTheCourtofAllotherAllothercourtsexcepttheCourtofAppealNoothercourtsChapterChapterSourcesofChapter2SourcesofChapter2SourcesoflawChapterGuide?ExplainwhatismeantbycaselawExplainlegislationandevaluatedelegatedIllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutes.Identifytheconceptandimpactofhumanrightslaw.???SlideChapter2SourcesofSourcesofChapter2SourcesofSourcesofUKCommonStatutoryIntrinsicaidsExtrinsicSlideCaseChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof1.ExplainwhatismeantbycaseCaseSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof1.Explainwhatismeantbycase??CommonThisrelatestothelawcreatedbyjudgesthroughtheirapplicationoftheprinciplesofjudicialprecedent.ThisimportantsourceoflawwasdevelopedthroughtheunificationoftheEnglishlegalsystemaftertheNormanConquest,andhasaddedcertaintytotheoperationoflaw.EquityTheinitialdevelopmentofthecommonlawresultedinnumerousfaults,suchasthefailuretorecognisetrusts,andtheoperationoftheWritList.Inordertoovercometheseproblems,aseparatesourceoflawwascreatedthatheldfairnessasitsprinciple.UntiltheJudicatureActs187375equityandcommonlawwerepractisedseparatecourts.Todaytheyarepractisedinthesamecourts,andwheretwoconflictequitywillprevail,andassuchequityisreferredtoasaglosstothecommonlaw.??SlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof2.ExplainwhatismeantbyStareCourtSlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof2.Explainwhatismeantby?2.1Caselawoperatesuponthebasisofstaredecisis(tostandbyadecision),wherebyjudgesareboundbythepreviousdecisionsofjudgementsmadebythecourtsabovetheminthehierarchyasSupremecourt-bindsalllowercourts,butnotCourtofAppeal-bindsalllowercourts,andHighCourt-bindsalllowercourts,andusuallyCrown/Magistrates/Countycourtscannotcreate2.2Thenatureofprecedentitselfoperatesthroughtheinterpretationofjudgesdecisions,requiringeachdecisiontobeseparatedinto:Ratiodecidendi(thereasonforthedecision)-thisisbindingelementoftheObiterdicta(statementsmadebytheway)-thisisnotbinding,butmerelyofpersuasiveauthorityandcanbetakenintoconsiderationinlatercases.???????SlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof2.Explainwhatismeantby?2.3EstablishedprecedentswillnotbebindingintheOverruling-theprocedurewherebyacourthigherinthelegalhierarchysetsasidealegalrulingestablishedinapreviouscase.Asthisisadirectchallengetothebasisofstaredecisisthejudiciaryarereluctanttooverrulelongstandingauthorities.Reversing-aprocedurewherebyacourthigherinthehierarchyreversesthedecisionofalowercourtinthesameDistinguishing-aprecedentisavoidedbydemonstratingthatthematerialfactsoftwocasesarenotthesame.???SlideChapter2Sourcesof2.ExplainwhatisChapter2Sourcesof2.ExplainwhatismeantbySlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(ExplainprimaryParliamentisdeemedtobethesupremelawmakerinUKandconsistsof3bodies,theHouseofCommons,theHouseofLords,andtheMonarch.BeforeapieceofprimaryUKlegislationispassedtwoinitialstagesmustbenegotiated:Greenpaper–publicconsultationWhitepaper–firmproposalforSlideChapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(ExplainSlidePublicChapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(ExplainSlidePublicPrivateEnablingFirstSecondCommitteeReportThirdOtherRoyalChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(Explainprimary3.3Firstreading:FormalstagetosetthedateforthesecondSecondreading:ExtensivedebatefollowedbyCommitteestage:ScrutinybystandingcommitteeofcrossReportstage:ReportingofamendmentsmadebystandingThirdreading:FurtherdebateandOnceallthesestageshavebeencompletedinbothhouses,RoyalAssentmustbegranted,whichisgivenbyreadingouttheshorttitleofanActinbothhouses.SlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof3.UKStatute(Explainprimary3.4LegislationcanbefurthercategorisedPublicacts–governmentorprivatemember’sPrivateacts–powersrelatingtoindividualsorinstitutions,suchasacompanygiventhepowertoacquirepropertythroughcompulsorypurchaseordersEnablingacts–thoseactsthatconferlegislativeabilitiestodelegatedbodiesConsolidatinglegislation–designedtobringtogetherexistingactswithoutamendingthemCodifyinglegislation–bringingtogetherexistingstatutewithcommonlawrulessuchasthePartnershipAct1890SlideChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedOrderinStatutorySlideChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationChapter2Sourcesof4.Evaluationofdelegated4.1Thosebodiesthathavebeensubjecttoenablingactsmaythemselvescreatelegislationinthefollowingways:OrdersInCouncil–createdbyanon-politicalbodyofparliamentariansknownasthePrivyCouncilStatutoryInstruments(SI’s)–createdGovernment(c)Byelaws–enactedbyLocalProfessionalregulations–suchasthosetheACCAregulatingitsSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedTheknownadvantagesofthesystemofdelegatedlegislationTimesaving–delegatedlegislationcanbeenactedquickly,bothsavingparliamentarytime,andmakingthelawresponsivetoemergenciessuchasthefootandmouthoutbreakintheUKin2001Expertise–technicalexpertisecanbeappliedbytherelevantenabledbodyFlexibility–thelawcanbequicklychangedtokeeppacewithchangesinsocietyTheknowndisadvantagesofthesystemofdelegatedlegislationAccountability–aspercaselaw,unelectedbodiesarenowresponsibleforcreatingnewlawsScrutiny–parliamentisunabletoscrutiniseindetailallnewpiecesofdelegatedlegislationBulk–over3,000statutoryinstrumentsarepassedeachyearleadingtoincreasingbureaucracyandcompliancecostsforbusinessesintheUKSlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof4.EvaluationofdelegatedMostnewpiecesofdelegatedlegislationmustbelaidbeforeparliamentfor40days,automaticallybecominglawatthispointTheJointSelectCommitteereviewsallParliamentmayrevokeanenablingThecourtsmaydeclareanypieceofdelegatedlegislationvires(beyondcapacity)andSlideChapter2SourcesofChapter2Sourcesof5.IllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutesIntrinsicExtrinsicSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sourcesof5.IllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutesAlthoughParliamentcreatesprimarylegislationintheUK,itisthethatinterpretthestatute,therebygivingitlegaleffect.Inordertoavoiduncertaintythecourtsmayrelyonpresumptions,rules,anduseguidancefoundwithinandoutsideoftheAct.DoesnotalterthecommonThereisnoretrospectiveAnindividualwillnotbedeniedliberty,property,orTheCrownisnotInternationallawswillbenotbebrokenf)Strictliabilitywillnotbeimposedejusdemgenerisrule–whenagenerallistofwordsfollowsaexample,thelistwillbeinterpretedinthelightofthespecificexampleSlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof5.IllustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutesRulesofLiteralrule–wordswillbegiventheirordinaryChappell(2)Goldenrule–wheretheapplicationoftheLiteralruleresultsinamanifestabsurdityitmaybedisregardedReSigsworth(3)Mischiefrule–thisenablesthejudgeinterpretastatuteinsuchawaytogivethestatutethelawfuleffectforwhichitwasintendedCorkeryvCarpenter(4)andDPPvBull(5)SlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof5.Illustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutes5.4IntrinsicThetitle-longorshort(considertheDangerousDogsActTheSchedulesoftheSlideChapter2Chapter2Sourcesof5.Illustratetherulesandpresumptionsusedbythecourtsininterpretingstatutes5.5ExtrinsicAReportsofSlideChapter2SourcesChapter2Sources6.Identifytheconceptandimpacthumanrights??6.1ItprotectsthecivilrightsandfreedomsofindividualsanditisimportanttonotethattheHRA98isonlybindingonpublic????????TherighttoProhibitionofProhibitionofslaveryandforcedlabourTherighttoafairtrialFreedomofthought,conscienceandreligionFreedomofexpressionTherighttoProhibitionofChapter2SourcesChapter2Sources6.Identifytheconceptandimpacthumanrights??ImpactonstatutoryItisnowacceptedthatexistingstatuteintheUKmustbeinterpretedinlightoftheHRA98.Thereisthereforethepotentialforconflictwithexistingstatute,andwherethisisthecasethecourtsmayissueastatementofincompatibility.Althoughnotinvalidatingthestatute,thestatementmaytriggerafasttrackalterationofanAct,orfortheGovernmenttoseekaderogationofthepowersoftheHRA1998ongroundsofproportionalitySimilarlyastatementofcompatibilitymustbemadeatthesecondreadingofanewAct,detailingeithercompliance,theneedforamendment,orderogation.??Chapter2SourcesChapter2Sources6.Identifytheconceptandimpacthumanrights??6.3ImpactonthecommonInamuchthesamewayitimpactsonstatute,anyapplicationofstaredecisisbythecourtsmustnowalsobeinlightofthearticlesoftheHRA98.ShouldanydecisionfromanestablisheddecidedcasebeinconflictwiththeHRA98itshouldbesetaside.AssuchthelowercourtsarenowabletodisregardtherulingsofeventheHouseofLordsinsuchChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide1CaseChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide1CaseThemaincategoriesofEnglishcivillawcanbedefinedasCommonlawandEquity,dealingwithcertaintyandfairnessrespectively.2Theoperationofstaredecisisthroughoutthecourthierarchyisthroughtheapplicationoftheratiodecidendiofajudgement,supportedbytheobiterdicta.3UKParliamentcreatesstatute,theprimarysourceofUKlegislation.StatuteiscreatedbyparliamentviaafivestepprocessChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlideChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide4Otherbodiescancreatesecondarydelegatedsourcesoflegislationsuchasstatutoryinstruments,ordersincouncil,byelaws,andprofessionalbodyrulesviaenablingacts.5Statutoryinterpretationisperformedbyjudgessubjecttothepresumptions,rulesofinterpretation,intrinsicandextrinsicaids.Chapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide6TheChapter2SourcesofChaptersummarySlide6TheHRATheUKisamemberoftheECHR.TheHRA98bindingonpublicauthoritiesonly.CasesrelatingtotheHRA98canultimatelybeappealedtotheECtHR.Itsdecisionsarebindingonthestateinvolved.7ImpactonDomesticlaw,bothstatutoryandcommon,mustbeappliedinlightofthearticlesoftheHRA1998.TheGovernmentmayseektoamendstatute,orseekaderogationofthepowersoftheHRA98whereappropriate.8ImpactonSeeChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries1PowellvKemptonParkInPowellv.KemptonParkRacecourseitwasheldthataclausereferringtoa"house,office,roomorotherplace"excludedaringataSlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries2WhiteleyvInthiscasethedefendantwaschargedunderasectionthatmadeitanoffencetoimpersonate'anypersonentitledtovote'.Dhadpretendedtobeapersonwhosenamewasonthevoter'slist,buthaddied.TheCourtheldthathewasnotguiltysinceadeadpersonisnot,intheliteralmeaningofthewords,'entitledtovote'.SlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries3ReAsonhadmurderedhismother.Themotherhadnotmadeawill,butinaccordwithrulessetoutintheAdministrationofJusticeAct1925hernextofkinwouldinherit(whowastheson).TherewasnoambiguityinthewordingoftheAct,butthecourtwasnotpreparedtoletamurdererbenefitfromhiscrime.Soitwasheldthattheliteralruleshouldnotapply,thegoldenrulebeingusedtopreventarepugnantsituation.SlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries4CorkeryvDwaschargedforbeingdrunkwhileinchargeofabicycleonthehighway.Courtheldthatbicyclewasa‘carriage’forthepurposeofs.12oftheLicensingAct1872.ThepurposeoftheActwastopreventpeoplewhoareinastateofintoxicationtouseanyformoftransportonpublicroads.SlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesofCaseSummaries5DPPvThedefendantwaschargedthathe,beingacommonprostitutedidloiterinastreetorpublicplaceforthepurposeofprostitution,contrarytos.1(1)oftheStreetOffencesAct1959.Attheconclusionoftheprosecutioncasethestipendiarymagistrateupheldasubmissionbydefencecounselthattherewasnocasetoansweronthebasisthats.1(1)appliedonlytofemaleprostitutes.Ineffectthe1959ActreferredtoamischiefthatcouldonlybecommittedbyawomanSlideChapter2Chapter2SourcesoflawCaseSummaries6PeppervTheHouseofLordsacceptedthatthecourtscanrefertoHansardwherelegislationis(a)ambiguous(b)statementsaremadebyaministerorpromoteroftheBill(c)thestatementsreliedonareclear.SlideChapter2SourcesoflawLectureexample1.WhatdoesChapter2SourcesoflawLectureexample1.Whatdoesthe“GoldenRule”ofstatutoryinterpretationAWordsshouldbegiventheirordinaryBThemeaningofthewordscanbegatheredfromtheirWordsshouldbegiventhemeaningwhichislikelyCgiveeffecttothepurposeorreformwhichthestatuteDWordsshouldbegiventheirordinarymeaningunlesstheresultismanifestlySlideChapt