北京交通大學(xué)語(yǔ)言與傳播學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集

目錄2012年北京交通大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解（完整回憶版）2013年北京交通大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2014年北京交通大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2017年北京交通大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題（回憶版）（含部分答案）

2012年北京交通大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解（完整回憶版）PartATerminologyandphrasetranslationSectionOne:Translatethefollowingtranslation-relatedtermsintoChinese(15points,1pointeach)1．Appliedtranslationstudies【答案】應(yīng)用翻譯研究2．Backtranslation【答案】回譯3．Bilateralinterpreting【答案】雙邊傳譯4．Communicativetranslation【答案】交際傳譯5．Stylistictranslation【答案】文體翻譯6．Contextualconsistency【答案】語(yǔ)境一致7．Corpora【答案】語(yǔ)料庫(kù)8．Coverttranslation【答案】隱性翻譯

9．Domesticatingtranslation【答案】歸化翻譯10．Foreignizingtranslation【答案】異化翻譯11．Freetranslation【答案】意譯12．Literaltranslation【答案】直譯13．Pragmatictranslation【答案】實(shí)用翻譯14．Sourcetext【答案】原作15．SparkProgram【答案】星火計(jì)劃SectionTwo:TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesintoEnglish(15points,1pointeach)1．高架鐵路【答案】aerialrailway2．市區(qū)鐵路【答案】urbanrailway3．鐵路網(wǎng)

【答案】railwaynetwork4．鐵路運(yùn)輸【答案】railwaytransportation5．往返票【答案】round-tripticket6．站臺(tái)票【答案】platform-ticket7．客車(chē)站【答案】passengerstation8．列車(chē)時(shí)刻表【答案】trainschedule9．環(huán)形路線【答案】ringcircuit10．換乘站【答案】transferstation11．土地承載能力【答案】landcarryingcapacity;landbearingcapacity12．小產(chǎn)權(quán)房【答案】limitedpropertyhouse;houseswithlimitedpropertyrights13．土豪

【答案】Tu-hao;upstart;localtyrant14．膠原蛋白【答案】collagen15．經(jīng)濟(jì)適用男【答案】budgethusband;economicalandapplicablemanPartBTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.(60points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)Passage1ChinaNationalCoalIndustryImp.&Exp.Corp.(CNCIEC)isanationalmainstayenterpriseinChina’scoalindustryspecializinginforeigntradeandeconomiccooperation.Withacomprehensiveadvantageofcombinationofindustry,technologyandtrade,CNCIECisauthorizedtoimportandexportcoalinaunifiedwayforChina.Besidesimportandexportofcoalminingtechnology,machinery,electricalequipmentandothermineralproducts,itsbusinessscopecoverscoalminedevelopmentandcooperationathomeandabroad,internationalengineeringprojectsandmanpowersupplyforoverseasprojectsandworks.Abidingbytheenterpriseprincipleof“highprestigethroughqualityproductsandservice”,CNCIECawaitswithgreatenthusiasmpeoplefromallwalksoflifebothathomeandabroadcomingfortalksoverbusiness,investment,technicalandeconomiccooperation.【參考譯文】中國(guó)煤炭工業(yè)進(jìn)出口總公司，簡(jiǎn)稱中煤總公司，是中國(guó)煤炭行業(yè)從事對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易的全國(guó)性專業(yè)化公司。中煤總公司實(shí)行工貿(mào)結(jié)合、技貿(mào)結(jié)合，統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營(yíng)全國(guó)煤炭進(jìn)出口，煤炭技術(shù)和機(jī)電設(shè)備及礦產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口，利用外資開(kāi)發(fā)煤礦，煤炭系統(tǒng)對(duì)外承包工程和勞務(wù)輸出及海外開(kāi)發(fā)等業(yè)務(wù)。中煤總公司的宗旨是信譽(yù)第一、質(zhì)量第一、服務(wù)第一。該公司熱誠(chéng)歡迎海內(nèi)外各界人士前來(lái)洽談、投資、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作。Passage2

AsChina’searliestcenterofeducationandscientificresearch,BeijingUniversityhasgatheredChina’smostbrilliantspecialistsandscholars,continuouslyopenedup,blazednewtrails,engageditselfinreformanddevelopmentfortraininghigh-qualitytalentandachievinghigh-levelscientificfruitsthatdeeplyinfluencedandadvancedtherangeofChina’shighereducation.Overthepasthundredyears,thisgroupofChina’scontemporaryuniversities,withBeijingUniversityasitsstellarrepresentative,hasplayedapioneeringroleinChina’shistoricalcoursetowardsmodernization,formingagloriousrevolutionaryaswellasanexemplaryacademictradition.【參考譯文】作為中國(guó)最早的教育中心和科學(xué)研究中心，北京大學(xué)聚集了中國(guó)優(yōu)秀的專家學(xué)者，不斷開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新，改造發(fā)展，以培養(yǎng)出的高質(zhì)量人才和做出的高水平科學(xué)成果深刻影響著中國(guó)高等教育的航程。一百年來(lái)，北京大學(xué)為代表的中國(guó)現(xiàn)代大學(xué)群，在中國(guó)走向現(xiàn)代化的歷史進(jìn)程中起到了重要的先鋒作用，形成了光榮的革命傳統(tǒng)和優(yōu)良的學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)1．對(duì)于以往的幾代人來(lái)說(shuō)，舊式的體力勞動(dòng)是一種擺脫貧窮的手段，而技術(shù)的幾步則摧毀了窮人賴以衛(wèi)生的體力勞動(dòng)。因此，首先體驗(yàn)到進(jìn)步之害的是窮人?！敬鸢浮縏hepoorarethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.2．50年代后期的美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)任何人都不可能視而不見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象,窮知識(shí)分子以“跨掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為美國(guó)典型的窮人,正是這個(gè)時(shí)候大批大學(xué)生被趕進(jìn)了知識(shí)分子的貧民窟?！敬鸢浮緼greatnumberofgraduatestudentsweredrivenintotheintellectualslumwhenintheUnitedStatestheintellectualpoorbecametheclassicpoor,thepoorundertheratherromanticguiseoftheBeatGeneration,arealphenomenoninthelatefifties.

3．如果做父母的對(duì)這種青少年的反應(yīng)有所準(zhǔn)備，而且認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)顯示出孩子正在成長(zhǎng)、正在發(fā)展珍貴的觀察力和獨(dú)立的判斷力的標(biāo)志，他們就不會(huì)感到如此傷心，所以也就不會(huì)因?qū)Υ擞袘嵑藓头磳?duì)的情緒而把孩子推到對(duì)立面去?！敬鸢浮縄fparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthatthechildwasgrowingupanddevelopingvaluablepowersofobservationandindependentjudgment,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.

2013年北京交通大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解一、將下列短語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)1．bailout【答案】緊急救助2．GroundZero【答案】“爆心投影點(diǎn)”組織3．cleanenergy【答案】清潔能源4．a(chǎn)dministrativetransparency【答案】政務(wù)透明5．healthcarereformpackage【答案】醫(yī)改方案6．ComfortableHousingProject【答案】安居工程7．proactivefiscalpolicy【答案】積極的財(cái)政政策8．homeappliancesgoingtothecountryside【答案】家電下鄉(xiāng)9．a(chǎn)dministrativeaccountability【答案】行政問(wèn)責(zé)制

10．disasterrelief【答案】賑災(zāi);災(zāi)難援助11．toplegislativebody【答案】最高立法機(jī)關(guān)12．defenseexpenditure【答案】國(guó)防支出13．ruralleft-behindpopulation【答案】農(nóng)村留守人口14．minimumlivingstandard【答案】低保15．Pursuearealisticandpragmaticapproach【答案】實(shí)事求是16．capacityforindependentinnovation【答案】自主創(chuàng)新能力17．thenon-publicsectoroftheeconomy【答案】非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)18．thesystemofbasiclivingallowancesforurbanandruralresidents【答案】城鄉(xiāng)居民基本生活保障制度19．thecampaigntoeducatePartymembersinpreserving/toretaintheirvanguardnature【答案】保持黨員先進(jìn)性教育活動(dòng)

20．theimbalancebetweenurbanandruralareas【答案】城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡二、將下列短語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)21．國(guó)有企業(yè)【答案】state-ownedenterprise22．基本醫(yī)療體制【答案】basicmedicinesystem23．?dāng)U大內(nèi)需【答案】expanddomesticdemand24．政府工作報(bào)告【答案】ReportontheWorkoftheGovernment25．基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)【答案】basicmedicalinsurance26．全球變暖【答案】globalwarming27．社會(huì)福利制度【答案】socialwelfaresystem28．三險(xiǎn)一金【答案】threeinsurances(endowmentinsurance，medicalinsurance，andunemploymentinsurance)andonefund(housingprovidentfund)29．氣候變化

【答案】climatechange30．開(kāi)幕式致辭【答案】openingspeech31．黨內(nèi)民主【答案】inner-partydemocracy32．改革攻堅(jiān)【答案】furtherreformindifficultareas33．脫離實(shí)際、急于求成【答案】unrealisticpursuitofquickresults34．誠(chéng)信缺失【答案】lackofcredibility35．和而不同【答案】harmonyindiversity36．科學(xué)發(fā)展觀【答案】ScientificOutlookonDevelopment37．文化市場(chǎng)【答案】Culturalmarket38．文化扶貧計(jì)劃【答案】Culture-aidProgram39．事業(yè)編制

【答案】staffingofgovernmentaffiliatedinstitutions40．國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要【答案】theNationalProgramforLong-andMedium-TermScientificandTechnologicalDevelopment三、將下列短文譯成漢語(yǔ)IntheUnitedStates,importshavedroppedbyhalfinthepastcoupleofyears.Domesticproductionisup,andconsumptionisdown.(41)TheadministrationusesthisimprovementtobuttressitscasefordissolvingtheEnergyDepartmentButtheappearanceoflessvulnerabilitytosupplyinterruptionsisdeceptiveanddangerous.SomeimportantchangesinU.S.energyusehaveoccurred.(42)Thepriceofoilhasbeendecontrolled.thestrategicpetroleumreserveisfinallybeingfilled,industryisusingenergymuchmoreefficientlyandthegasguzzlerisanendangeredspecies.Butthepriceofnaturalgasisstillartificiallylow,consumersstillhavenoreliablesourceofhelpforreducingenergyuseintheirhomes,masstransitcomparedwithofotheradvancednationsisterrible,andthelackofasubstantialgasolinetaxkeepthatunchanged.Nevertheless,theReaganadministrationarguesthathigherenergypriceshaveledtoenergyconservationandthatthereisthereforenoreasonforfurtherfederalsupportofresearchandotherconservationprograms.Buttherealissueishowmuchofwhatwouldbeeconomicallybeneficialisnothappening,andwillnothappen,undercurrentpolicies.(43)Domosttypesofenergyusetechnologiesforsupplyanddistribution,consumerinformation,manufacturingprocessesandtherest-reflecttherealityofexpensiveenergyorthehistoryofcheapenergy?Theanswervariesbysector.Largebusinesseswithaccesstoexpertiseandcapitalhaveadjustedwell.MostothersectorshavenotInresidentialandcommercialbuildings,whichconsumeaquarterofalltheenergyusedinAmerica,onlyatinyfractionoftheeconomicallydesirablesavingsisbeingcaptured.(44)Inshortagoodbeginninghasbeenmade,butitisonlyabeginning.Toabandonconservationprogramsanddismantleresearcheffortsnowistosave

smallamountsoffederaldollarsataverylargelonger-rangecosttotheeconomy.Andhopefultalkabouttheendoftheenergycrisisignoresthepainfullessonsofthepastdecade.【參考譯文】[41]由于情況有了改善，政府就振振有詞地主張撤消能源部。從表面上看，供應(yīng)中斷造成危害的可能性的確減少了，但是，這只是一種危險(xiǎn)的假象。[42]石油價(jià)格管制取消了，戰(zhàn)略石油儲(chǔ)備終趨于完成，工業(yè)中的能源利用率大大提高，耗油過(guò)多的汽車(chē)已瀕于絕跡。但是，天然氣價(jià)格仍然人為地過(guò)低，消費(fèi)者在住宅節(jié)能方面仍然得不到穩(wěn)妥的幫助，公共交通同其他先進(jìn)國(guó)家相比糟糕透頂，而且，由于汽油稅不高，情況至今仍無(wú)改變。[43]大多數(shù)利用能源的環(huán)節(jié)——供應(yīng)和分配技術(shù)、消費(fèi)者信息、制造工藝等等——的現(xiàn)狀又怎樣呢？究竟是反映了能源昂貴的現(xiàn)實(shí)呢，還是反映了能源低廉的歷史呢？答案視不同部門(mén)而定。擁有技術(shù)人才和資本的大企業(yè)已經(jīng)作了妥善的調(diào)整。大多數(shù)其他部門(mén)還沒(méi)有適應(yīng)這種現(xiàn)實(shí)。居民住宅和商業(yè)建筑所消耗的能源占美國(guó)全部能源消耗量的四分之一。這些地方實(shí)行節(jié)約，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是可取的，可是現(xiàn)已實(shí)現(xiàn)的節(jié)約卻微乎其微，還大有潛力可挖。[44]總之，我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)良好的開(kāi)端，但是，這也僅僅是開(kāi)始而已。現(xiàn)在就放棄節(jié)能計(jì)劃，停止能源研究工作，可以給聯(lián)邦政府節(jié)省少量開(kāi)支，但從比較長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，只能使經(jīng)濟(jì)蒙受重大損失。那種能源危機(jī)已經(jīng)過(guò)去的樂(lè)觀論調(diào)，只能是對(duì)過(guò)去十年的痛苦教訓(xùn)的忽視。四、將下列短文譯成英語(yǔ)我把那封信寄了出去，急切地等待著她的答復(fù)。但是，她的答復(fù)始終沒(méi)有等到，我的急切變成了失望，失望變成了無(wú)奈，最后，無(wú)奈變成了平靜。我想那封信未必到了母親的手里。我只知道，寫(xiě)過(guò)那封信。我就可以還母親以她本來(lái)的面目了。在她生命的最后15年里，我們按照她的方式保持了一種輕松、親密、愉快的關(guān)系?！緟⒖甲g文】

Imailedtheletterandwaitedeagerlyforherreply.Nonecame.Eagernessturnedtodisappointment,thenresignationand,finally,peace.Icouldn’tbesurethattheletterhadevengottoMother.Ionlyknewthathavingwrittenit,Icouldstoptryingtomakeherintosomeoneshewasnot.Forthelast15yearsofherlifeweenjoyedarelationshiponherterm---light,affectionate,cheerful.

2014年北京交通大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解PartATerminologyandphrasetranslationSectionOne:Translatethefollowingtranslation-relatedtermsintoChinese(15points,1pointeach)1．WHO【答案】世界衛(wèi)生組織(WorldHealthOrganization)2．IOC【答案】國(guó)際奧委會(huì)(InternationalOlympicCommittee)3．IPR【答案】知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)(intellectualpropertyrights)4．CPA【答案】注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師(CertifiedPublicAccountant)5．CPI【答案】居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)(ConsumerPriceIndex)6．OTC【答案】非處方藥(overthecounter)7．Skopostheory【答案】翻譯目的論8．Polysystemtheory【答案】多元系統(tǒng)論

9．culturalpluralism【答案】文化多元論10．Hermeneuticschool【答案】闡釋學(xué)派11．cateringindustry【答案】餐飲業(yè)12．balancesheet【答案】資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表13．deluxesuit【答案】豪華蜜月套系14．forcemajeure【答案】不可抗力15．opinionpoll【答案】民意測(cè)驗(yàn)SectionTwo:TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesintoEnglish(15points,1pointeach)1．第三產(chǎn)業(yè)【答案】tertiaryindustry2．母?！敬鸢浮緼lmaMater3．京都協(xié)議書(shū)

【答案】KyotoProtocol4．國(guó)債【答案】nationaldebt;governmentloan5．論語(yǔ)【答案】TheAnalectsofConfucius6．不良貸款【答案】non-performingloan7．軟著陸【答案】softlanding8．不再生資源【答案】Non-renewableResources9．秒殺【答案】flashsale10．學(xué)分【答案】academiccredit11．國(guó)民待遇【答案】nationaltreatment12．新華社【答案】theXinhuaNewsAgency13．保稅區(qū)

【答案】bondedarea14．社會(huì)保障【答案】socialsecurity15．針灸【答案】AcupuncturePartBTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.(60points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)PassageOneItisusualtoarrangeforadelayofafewsecondsbetweenthereleaseandthecutting-offofthecurrentandthebrakeapplication;thisgivesthedrivertheopportunityofcrossingquicklytotheoppositesideofhiscab(駕駛室),ashemayneedtodomomentarilyforlook-outpurposes,withoutstoppinghistrainbysodoing.【參考譯文】（駕駛火車(chē)的時(shí)候）通常在列車(chē)開(kāi)口和切斷當(dāng)前運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)、制動(dòng)剎車(chē)系統(tǒng)之間會(huì)留出幾秒的緩沖時(shí)間，這是讓列車(chē)司機(jī)有機(jī)會(huì)迅速穿到駕駛室的另一邊，因?yàn)樗枰R上看一下目標(biāo)物，這樣就不用把火車(chē)停下來(lái)了。PassageTwoEachyearwecometogethertoreaffirmthefoundingvisionofthisinstitution.Formostofrecordedhistory,individualaspirationsweresubjecttothewhimsoftyrantsandempires.Divisionsofraceandreligionandtribeweresettledthroughtheswordandtheclashofarmies.Theideathatnationsandpeoplescouldcometogetherinpeacetosolvetheirdisputesandadvanceacommonprosperityseemedunimaginable.Ittooktheawfulcarnageoftwoworldwarstoshiftourthinking.Theleaders

whobuilttheUnitedNationswerenotnaive;theydidnotthinkthisbodycoulderadicateallwars.Butinthewakeofmillionsdeadandcontinentsinrubble,andwiththedevelopmentofnuclearweaponsthatcouldannihilateaplanet,theyunderstoodthathumanitycouldnotsurvivethecourseitwason.【參考譯文】我們每年都舉行會(huì)議重申這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)成立的宗旨。在有歷史記載的大部分時(shí)期，個(gè)人的愿望往往受制于暴君和帝國(guó)肆意翻云覆雨的狂熱。種族、宗教和部落的四分五裂通過(guò)刀光劍影和兵戎相見(jiàn)成為定局。似乎難以想象，國(guó)家和人民可以和平共處，解決相互間的分歧，一起促進(jìn)共同繁榮。我們的觀念在經(jīng)過(guò)兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的血腥歷史后才得到改變。參與籌建聯(lián)合國(guó)的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人原來(lái)并沒(méi)有抱任何幻想；他們不認(rèn)為這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)可以從此消滅所有的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但是，在數(shù)百萬(wàn)人喪生，各大洲成為一片瓦礫后，隨著可以毀滅整個(gè)地球的核武器得到研發(fā)，他們懂得，如果在這條道路上走下去，人類就無(wú)法繼續(xù)生存。PassageThreeIhadtheillusionthatIwasdrivingthroughoneimmenselylong,narrowfarm.Thevillagesandtownswereusuallyperchedontheedge,soasnottowastearablesoilandbecausetherewasaneed,beforetheHighDametamedtheNile,tolivebeyondthereachoftheannualfloods.TheroadfollowedthecourseoftheNile,nowpassingthroughthefields,nowdrawingablacklineseparatingthemfromthedesert.【參考譯文】我感到仿佛是在開(kāi)車(chē)穿過(guò)一個(gè)狹窄而極長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。大小村鎮(zhèn)一般都處于田地的邊上，這是為了不浪費(fèi)耕地，同時(shí)也是因?yàn)樵诟邏慰刂颇崃_河以前，有必要住得遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，以躲避每年發(fā)生的洪水。公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，有時(shí)穿過(guò)莊稼地，有時(shí)像是劃的一條黑線，這邊是莊稼，那邊是沙漠。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)

PassageOne本質(zhì)量計(jì)劃是以公司現(xiàn)行質(zhì)量管理體系為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)一些需要特殊控制的內(nèi)容如里程碑、技術(shù)難點(diǎn)、設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)審點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)配件評(píng)審點(diǎn)和試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目評(píng)審點(diǎn)等進(jìn)行識(shí)別、管理，并在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過(guò)程中，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況對(duì)相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整。【參考譯文】Thisqualityplanisbasedonthecurrentqualitymanagementsystemofthecompany.Itmanagesandidentifiessomecontentswhichneedspecialcontrols,suchasmilestones,technicalproblems,points,keypartsandtestitemsofdesignreviews.Besides,thequalityplanalsomakesdynamicadjustmentsonrelatedcontentsaccordingtoactualconditionsintheprocessofprojectimplementation.PassageTwo加強(qiáng)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，攜手推動(dòng)亞太共同發(fā)展。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下各經(jīng)濟(jì)體一榮俱榮，一損俱損，應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)取通過(guò)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，放大正面聯(lián)動(dòng)效應(yīng)，防止和減少負(fù)面外溢效應(yīng)。我們要秉持開(kāi)放包容、合作共贏精神，不能互相踩腳，甚至互相抵消?！緟⒖甲g文】WorktogetherforthecommondevelopmentoftheAsia-Pacific