北京交通大學語言與傳播學院《357英語翻譯基礎》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集

目錄2012年北京交通大學357英語翻譯基礎考研真題及詳解（完整回憶版）2013年北京交通大學357英語翻譯基礎考研真題及詳解2014年北京交通大學357英語翻譯基礎考研真題及詳解2017年北京交通大學357英語翻譯基礎考研真題（回憶版）（含部分答案）

2012年北京交通大學357英語翻譯基礎考研真題及詳解（完整回憶版）PartATerminologyandphrasetranslationSectionOne:Translatethefollowingtranslation-relatedtermsintoChinese(15points,1pointeach)1．Appliedtranslationstudies【答案】應用翻譯研究2．Backtranslation【答案】回譯3．Bilateralinterpreting【答案】雙邊傳譯4．Communicativetranslation【答案】交際傳譯5．Stylistictranslation【答案】文體翻譯6．Contextualconsistency【答案】語境一致7．Corpora【答案】語料庫8．Coverttranslation【答案】隱性翻譯

9．Domesticatingtranslation【答案】歸化翻譯10．Foreignizingtranslation【答案】異化翻譯11．Freetranslation【答案】意譯12．Literaltranslation【答案】直譯13．Pragmatictranslation【答案】實用翻譯14．Sourcetext【答案】原作15．SparkProgram【答案】星火計劃SectionTwo:TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesintoEnglish(15points,1pointeach)1．高架鐵路【答案】aerialrailway2．市區(qū)鐵路【答案】urbanrailway3．鐵路網(wǎng)

【答案】railwaynetwork4．鐵路運輸【答案】railwaytransportation5．往返票【答案】round-tripticket6．站臺票【答案】platform-ticket7．客車站【答案】passengerstation8．列車時刻表【答案】trainschedule9．環(huán)形路線【答案】ringcircuit10．換乘站【答案】transferstation11．土地承載能力【答案】landcarryingcapacity;landbearingcapacity12．小產(chǎn)權房【答案】limitedpropertyhouse;houseswithlimitedpropertyrights13．土豪

【答案】Tu-hao;upstart;localtyrant14．膠原蛋白【答案】collagen15．經(jīng)濟適用男【答案】budgethusband;economicalandapplicablemanPartBTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.(60points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)Passage1ChinaNationalCoalIndustryImp.&Exp.Corp.(CNCIEC)isanationalmainstayenterpriseinChina’scoalindustryspecializinginforeigntradeandeconomiccooperation.Withacomprehensiveadvantageofcombinationofindustry,technologyandtrade,CNCIECisauthorizedtoimportandexportcoalinaunifiedwayforChina.Besidesimportandexportofcoalminingtechnology,machinery,electricalequipmentandothermineralproducts,itsbusinessscopecoverscoalminedevelopmentandcooperationathomeandabroad,internationalengineeringprojectsandmanpowersupplyforoverseasprojectsandworks.Abidingbytheenterpriseprincipleof“highprestigethroughqualityproductsandservice”,CNCIECawaitswithgreatenthusiasmpeoplefromallwalksoflifebothathomeandabroadcomingfortalksoverbusiness,investment,technicalandeconomiccooperation.【參考譯文】中國煤炭工業(yè)進出口總公司，簡稱中煤總公司，是中國煤炭行業(yè)從事對外經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易的全國性專業(yè)化公司。中煤總公司實行工貿(mào)結合、技貿(mào)結合，統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營全國煤炭進出口，煤炭技術和機電設備及礦產(chǎn)品的進出口，利用外資開發(fā)煤礦，煤炭系統(tǒng)對外承包工程和勞務輸出及海外開發(fā)等業(yè)務。中煤總公司的宗旨是信譽第一、質量第一、服務第一。該公司熱誠歡迎海內(nèi)外各界人士前來洽談、投資、經(jīng)濟技術合作。Passage2

AsChina’searliestcenterofeducationandscientificresearch,BeijingUniversityhasgatheredChina’smostbrilliantspecialistsandscholars,continuouslyopenedup,blazednewtrails,engageditselfinreformanddevelopmentfortraininghigh-qualitytalentandachievinghigh-levelscientificfruitsthatdeeplyinfluencedandadvancedtherangeofChina’shighereducation.Overthepasthundredyears,thisgroupofChina’scontemporaryuniversities,withBeijingUniversityasitsstellarrepresentative,hasplayedapioneeringroleinChina’shistoricalcoursetowardsmodernization,formingagloriousrevolutionaryaswellasanexemplaryacademictradition.【參考譯文】作為中國最早的教育中心和科學研究中心，北京大學聚集了中國優(yōu)秀的專家學者，不斷開拓創(chuàng)新，改造發(fā)展，以培養(yǎng)出的高質量人才和做出的高水平科學成果深刻影響著中國高等教育的航程。一百年來，北京大學為代表的中國現(xiàn)代大學群，在中國走向現(xiàn)代化的歷史進程中起到了重要的先鋒作用，形成了光榮的革命傳統(tǒng)和優(yōu)良的學術傳統(tǒng)。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)1．對于以往的幾代人來說，舊式的體力勞動是一種擺脫貧窮的手段，而技術的幾步則摧毀了窮人賴以衛(wèi)生的體力勞動。因此，首先體驗到進步之害的是窮人?！敬鸢浮縏hepoorarethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.2．50年代后期的美國出現(xiàn)了一個任何人都不可能視而不見的現(xiàn)象,窮知識分子以“跨掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為美國典型的窮人,正是這個時候大批大學生被趕進了知識分子的貧民窟?！敬鸢浮緼greatnumberofgraduatestudentsweredrivenintotheintellectualslumwhenintheUnitedStatestheintellectualpoorbecametheclassicpoor,thepoorundertheratherromanticguiseoftheBeatGeneration,arealphenomenoninthelatefifties.

3．如果做父母的對這種青少年的反應有所準備，而且認為這是一個顯示出孩子正在成長、正在發(fā)展珍貴的觀察力和獨立的判斷力的標志，他們就不會感到如此傷心，所以也就不會因對此有憤恨和反對的情緒而把孩子推到對立面去?！敬鸢浮縄fparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthatthechildwasgrowingupanddevelopingvaluablepowersofobservationandindependentjudgment,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.

2013年北京交通大學357英語翻譯基礎考研真題及詳解一、將下列短語譯成漢語1．bailout【答案】緊急救助2．GroundZero【答案】“爆心投影點”組織3．cleanenergy【答案】清潔能源4．a(chǎn)dministrativetransparency【答案】政務透明5．healthcarereformpackage【答案】醫(yī)改方案6．ComfortableHousingProject【答案】安居工程7．proactivefiscalpolicy【答案】積極的財政政策8．homeappliancesgoingtothecountryside【答案】家電下鄉(xiāng)9．a(chǎn)dministrativeaccountability【答案】行政問責制

10．disasterrelief【答案】賑災;災難援助11．toplegislativebody【答案】最高立法機關12．defenseexpenditure【答案】國防支出13．ruralleft-behindpopulation【答案】農(nóng)村留守人口14．minimumlivingstandard【答案】低保15．Pursuearealisticandpragmaticapproach【答案】實事求是16．capacityforindependentinnovation【答案】自主創(chuàng)新能力17．thenon-publicsectoroftheeconomy【答案】非公有制經(jīng)濟18．thesystemofbasiclivingallowancesforurbanandruralresidents【答案】城鄉(xiāng)居民基本生活保障制度19．thecampaigntoeducatePartymembersinpreserving/toretaintheirvanguardnature【答案】保持黨員先進性教育活動

20．theimbalancebetweenurbanandruralareas【答案】城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡二、將下列短語譯成英語21．國有企業(yè)【答案】state-ownedenterprise22．基本醫(yī)療體制【答案】basicmedicinesystem23．擴大內(nèi)需【答案】expanddomesticdemand24．政府工作報告【答案】ReportontheWorkoftheGovernment25．基本醫(yī)療保險【答案】basicmedicalinsurance26．全球變暖【答案】globalwarming27．社會福利制度【答案】socialwelfaresystem28．三險一金【答案】threeinsurances(endowmentinsurance，medicalinsurance，andunemploymentinsurance)andonefund(housingprovidentfund)29．氣候變化

【答案】climatechange30．開幕式致辭【答案】openingspeech31．黨內(nèi)民主【答案】inner-partydemocracy32．改革攻堅【答案】furtherreformindifficultareas33．脫離實際、急于求成【答案】unrealisticpursuitofquickresults34．誠信缺失【答案】lackofcredibility35．和而不同【答案】harmonyindiversity36．科學發(fā)展觀【答案】ScientificOutlookonDevelopment37．文化市場【答案】Culturalmarket38．文化扶貧計劃【答案】Culture-aidProgram39．事業(yè)編制

【答案】staffingofgovernmentaffiliatedinstitutions40．國家中長期科學和技術發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要【答案】theNationalProgramforLong-andMedium-TermScientificandTechnologicalDevelopment三、將下列短文譯成漢語IntheUnitedStates,importshavedroppedbyhalfinthepastcoupleofyears.Domesticproductionisup,andconsumptionisdown.(41)TheadministrationusesthisimprovementtobuttressitscasefordissolvingtheEnergyDepartmentButtheappearanceoflessvulnerabilitytosupplyinterruptionsisdeceptiveanddangerous.SomeimportantchangesinU.S.energyusehaveoccurred.(42)Thepriceofoilhasbeendecontrolled.thestrategicpetroleumreserveisfinallybeingfilled,industryisusingenergymuchmoreefficientlyandthegasguzzlerisanendangeredspecies.Butthepriceofnaturalgasisstillartificiallylow,consumersstillhavenoreliablesourceofhelpforreducingenergyuseintheirhomes,masstransitcomparedwithofotheradvancednationsisterrible,andthelackofasubstantialgasolinetaxkeepthatunchanged.Nevertheless,theReaganadministrationarguesthathigherenergypriceshaveledtoenergyconservationandthatthereisthereforenoreasonforfurtherfederalsupportofresearchandotherconservationprograms.Buttherealissueishowmuchofwhatwouldbeeconomicallybeneficialisnothappening,andwillnothappen,undercurrentpolicies.(43)Domosttypesofenergyusetechnologiesforsupplyanddistribution,consumerinformation,manufacturingprocessesandtherest-reflecttherealityofexpensiveenergyorthehistoryofcheapenergy?Theanswervariesbysector.Largebusinesseswithaccesstoexpertiseandcapitalhaveadjustedwell.MostothersectorshavenotInresidentialandcommercialbuildings,whichconsumeaquarterofalltheenergyusedinAmerica,onlyatinyfractionoftheeconomicallydesirablesavingsisbeingcaptured.(44)Inshortagoodbeginninghasbeenmade,butitisonlyabeginning.Toabandonconservationprogramsanddismantleresearcheffortsnowistosave

smallamountsoffederaldollarsataverylargelonger-rangecosttotheeconomy.Andhopefultalkabouttheendoftheenergycrisisignoresthepainfullessonsofthepastdecade.【參考譯文】[41]由于情況有了改善，政府就振振有詞地主張撤消能源部。從表面上看，供應中斷造成危害的可能性的確減少了，但是，這只是一種危險的假象。[42]石油價格管制取消了，戰(zhàn)略石油儲備終趨于完成，工業(yè)中的能源利用率大大提高，耗油過多的汽車已瀕于絕跡。但是，天然氣價格仍然人為地過低，消費者在住宅節(jié)能方面仍然得不到穩(wěn)妥的幫助，公共交通同其他先進國家相比糟糕透頂，而且，由于汽油稅不高，情況至今仍無改變。[43]大多數(shù)利用能源的環(huán)節(jié)——供應和分配技術、消費者信息、制造工藝等等——的現(xiàn)狀又怎樣呢？究竟是反映了能源昂貴的現(xiàn)實呢，還是反映了能源低廉的歷史呢？答案視不同部門而定。擁有技術人才和資本的大企業(yè)已經(jīng)作了妥善的調(diào)整。大多數(shù)其他部門還沒有適應這種現(xiàn)實。居民住宅和商業(yè)建筑所消耗的能源占美國全部能源消耗量的四分之一。這些地方實行節(jié)約，在經(jīng)濟上是可取的，可是現(xiàn)已實現(xiàn)的節(jié)約卻微乎其微，還大有潛力可挖。[44]總之，我們已經(jīng)有了一個良好的開端，但是，這也僅僅是開始而已?，F(xiàn)在就放棄節(jié)能計劃，停止能源研究工作，可以給聯(lián)邦政府節(jié)省少量開支，但從比較長遠的觀點來看，只能使經(jīng)濟蒙受重大損失。那種能源危機已經(jīng)過去的樂觀論調(diào)，只能是對過去十年的痛苦教訓的忽視。四、將下列短文譯成英語我把那封信寄了出去，急切地等待著她的答復。但是，她的答復始終沒有等到，我的急切變成了失望，失望變成了無奈，最后，無奈變成了平靜。我想那封信未必到了母親的手里。我只知道，寫過那封信。我就可以還母親以她本來的面目了。在她生命的最后15年里，我們按照她的方式保持了一種輕松、親密、愉快的關系?！緟⒖甲g文】

Imailedtheletterandwaitedeagerlyforherreply.Nonecame.Eagernessturnedtodisappointment,thenresignationand,finally,peace.Icouldn’tbesurethattheletterhadevengottoMother.Ionlyknewthathavingwrittenit,Icouldstoptryingtomakeherintosomeoneshewasnot.Forthelast15yearsofherlifeweenjoyedarelationshiponherterm---light,affectionate,cheerful.

2014年北京交通大學357英語翻譯基礎考研真題及詳解PartATerminologyandphrasetranslationSectionOne:Translatethefollowingtranslation-relatedtermsintoChinese(15points,1pointeach)1．WHO【答案】世界衛(wèi)生組織(WorldHealthOrganization)2．IOC【答案】國際奧委會(InternationalOlympicCommittee)3．IPR【答案】知識產(chǎn)權(intellectualpropertyrights)4．CPA【答案】注冊會計師(CertifiedPublicAccountant)5．CPI【答案】居民消費價格指數(shù)(ConsumerPriceIndex)6．OTC【答案】非處方藥(overthecounter)7．Skopostheory【答案】翻譯目的論8．Polysystemtheory【答案】多元系統(tǒng)論

9．culturalpluralism【答案】文化多元論10．Hermeneuticschool【答案】闡釋學派11．cateringindustry【答案】餐飲業(yè)12．balancesheet【答案】資產(chǎn)負債表13．deluxesuit【答案】豪華蜜月套系14．forcemajeure【答案】不可抗力15．opinionpoll【答案】民意測驗SectionTwo:TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesintoEnglish(15points,1pointeach)1．第三產(chǎn)業(yè)【答案】tertiaryindustry2．母?！敬鸢浮緼lmaMater3．京都協(xié)議書

【答案】KyotoProtocol4．國債【答案】nationaldebt;governmentloan5．論語【答案】TheAnalectsofConfucius6．不良貸款【答案】non-performingloan7．軟著陸【答案】softlanding8．不再生資源【答案】Non-renewableResources9．秒殺【答案】flashsale10．學分【答案】academiccredit11．國民待遇【答案】nationaltreatment12．新華社【答案】theXinhuaNewsAgency13．保稅區(qū)

【答案】bondedarea14．社會保障【答案】socialsecurity15．針灸【答案】AcupuncturePartBTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.(60points)SectionAEnglishtoChineseTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)PassageOneItisusualtoarrangeforadelayofafewsecondsbetweenthereleaseandthecutting-offofthecurrentandthebrakeapplication;thisgivesthedrivertheopportunityofcrossingquicklytotheoppositesideofhiscab(駕駛室),ashemayneedtodomomentarilyforlook-outpurposes,withoutstoppinghistrainbysodoing.【參考譯文】（駕駛火車的時候）通常在列車開口和切斷當前運行系統(tǒng)、制動剎車系統(tǒng)之間會留出幾秒的緩沖時間，這是讓列車司機有機會迅速穿到駕駛室的另一邊，因為他需要馬上看一下目標物，這樣就不用把火車停下來了。PassageTwoEachyearwecometogethertoreaffirmthefoundingvisionofthisinstitution.Formostofrecordedhistory,individualaspirationsweresubjecttothewhimsoftyrantsandempires.Divisionsofraceandreligionandtribeweresettledthroughtheswordandtheclashofarmies.Theideathatnationsandpeoplescouldcometogetherinpeacetosolvetheirdisputesandadvanceacommonprosperityseemedunimaginable.Ittooktheawfulcarnageoftwoworldwarstoshiftourthinking.Theleaders

whobuilttheUnitedNationswerenotnaive;theydidnotthinkthisbodycoulderadicateallwars.Butinthewakeofmillionsdeadandcontinentsinrubble,andwiththedevelopmentofnuclearweaponsthatcouldannihilateaplanet,theyunderstoodthathumanitycouldnotsurvivethecourseitwason.【參考譯文】我們每年都舉行會議重申這個機構成立的宗旨。在有歷史記載的大部分時期，個人的愿望往往受制于暴君和帝國肆意翻云覆雨的狂熱。種族、宗教和部落的四分五裂通過刀光劍影和兵戎相見成為定局。似乎難以想象，國家和人民可以和平共處，解決相互間的分歧，一起促進共同繁榮。我們的觀念在經(jīng)過兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的血腥歷史后才得到改變。參與籌建聯(lián)合國的各位領導人原來并沒有抱任何幻想；他們不認為這個機構可以從此消滅所有的戰(zhàn)爭。但是，在數(shù)百萬人喪生，各大洲成為一片瓦礫后，隨著可以毀滅整個地球的核武器得到研發(fā)，他們懂得，如果在這條道路上走下去，人類就無法繼續(xù)生存。PassageThreeIhadtheillusionthatIwasdrivingthroughoneimmenselylong,narrowfarm.Thevillagesandtownswereusuallyperchedontheedge,soasnottowastearablesoilandbecausetherewasaneed,beforetheHighDametamedtheNile,tolivebeyondthereachoftheannualfloods.TheroadfollowedthecourseoftheNile,nowpassingthroughthefields,nowdrawingablacklineseparatingthemfromthedesert.【參考譯文】我感到仿佛是在開車穿過一個狹窄而極長的農(nóng)場。大小村鎮(zhèn)一般都處于田地的邊上，這是為了不浪費耕地，同時也是因為在高壩控制尼羅河以前，有必要住得遠一點，以躲避每年發(fā)生的洪水。公路是順著尼羅河修筑的，有時穿過莊稼地，有時像是劃的一條黑線，這邊是莊稼，那邊是沙漠。SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20pointsforeachpassage)

PassageOne本質量計劃是以公司現(xiàn)行質量管理體系為基礎，對一些需要特殊控制的內(nèi)容如里程碑、技術難點、設計評審點、重點配件評審點和試驗項目評審點等進行識別、管理，并在項目實施過程中，根據(jù)實際情況對相關內(nèi)容進行動態(tài)調(diào)整?！緟⒖甲g文】Thisqualityplanisbasedonthecurrentqualitymanagementsystemofthecompany.Itmanagesandidentifiessomecontentswhichneedspecialcontrols,suchasmilestones,technicalproblems,points,keypartsandtestitemsofdesignreviews.Besides,thequalityplanalsomakesdynamicadjustmentsonrelatedcontentsaccordingtoactualconditionsintheprocessofprojectimplementation.PassageTwo加強宏觀經(jīng)濟政策協(xié)調(diào)，攜手推動亞太共同發(fā)展。經(jīng)濟全球化背景下各經(jīng)濟體一榮俱榮，一損俱損，應該爭取通過宏觀經(jīng)濟政策協(xié)調(diào)，放大正面聯(lián)動效應，防止和減少負面外溢效應。我們要秉持開放包容、合作共贏精神，不能互相踩腳，甚至互相抵消?！緟⒖甲g文】WorktogetherforthecommondevelopmentoftheAsia-Pacific