復(fù)合句一-主語從句

5/15英語復(fù)合句講解復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，往往可以獨立存在；而從句僅是句子的一個成分，故不能獨立存在，必須有一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)。從句按其在復(fù)合句中的作用,分為。1、定語從句（形容詞從句）2、名詞從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）

3、狀語從句（副詞性從句，包括時間，地點，結(jié)果，目的，原因等）主語從句一．在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語成分的句子叫做主語從句。二.主語從句主要有三類：

（1）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句:引導(dǎo)詞that無含義,在句中不做成分,不可以省。

例如：Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.

你想獲得獎牌看起來是不可能的。

Thatyouaresoindifferentbothersme.

你如此冷淡使我很煩惱。

Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.

她在事故中幸免于難簡直是奇跡。（2）用連詞whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句:whether有含義(是否)例如：Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.

她來不來都無關(guān)緊要。（3）用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句(在由連接代詞who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分).

例如：Whatyouneedismorepractice.你所需要的是更多的訓(xùn)練。

WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是這事。

Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.我們無論做什么都是為人民服務(wù)。（4）用連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。)例如:Whereweshouldleaveisaproblem.我們什么時候離開還是一個問題。Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadepublic.他們什么時候來還不知道。三.注意點:1.it做形式主語,而將主語從句放在句末（尤其是當(dāng)謂語較短時）。

例如：Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

光沿直線傳播，這是眾所周知的事。

=Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.

眾所周知光沿直線傳播。

Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.

飛機(jī)何時起飛還沒有宣布。

=Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.

還沒有宣布飛機(jī)何時起飛。四，固定用法和譯法

（1）Itis+名詞+從句

Itisafactthat…事實是……

Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息

Itisaquestionthat………是個問題

Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識

類似的名詞還有：apity；awonder；agoodthing；nowonder；surprise等。

例如：Itisamysterytomehowithappened.

這一切是怎么發(fā)生的是個謎。

Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.

鯨魚不是魚，這是常識。

ItisnosurprisethatBobwillwinthegame.

鮑勃會贏得這場比賽，這不足為奇。

（2）Itis+形容詞+從句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisclearthat…很清楚……

Itislikelythat…很可能……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

類似的形容詞還有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.

例如：

Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.

她是否能來令人懷疑。

Itwasreallyastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.

他拒絕和你說話真是令人驚訝。

Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.

周末之前，他應(yīng)該到這里是必要的。

Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.

很明顯我們不能這樣下去了。（3）Itis+過去分詞+從句

Itissaidthat…據(jù)說……

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道……

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證明……

Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須指出……

類似的過去分詞還有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;required;suggested;demanded;madeclear;

例如：Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.大家都認(rèn)為他是最好的選手。

Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.據(jù)估計這個花瓶有2000年的歷史。

Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopened還沒弄清楚這條路將開始通車。

ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain,becausethereisanotheronelater.

沒有趕上這趟火車沒有關(guān)系，稍晚還有一趟。

IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.碰巧我昨天看見他了。六.只用whether不用if引導(dǎo)主語從句.e

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21.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江2008)A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who22.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全國卷Ⅱ)A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which23.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(上海2002春)A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which24.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(NMET1996)A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where【鞏固練習(xí)】1.__________________________________hasn’tbeendecidedyet.(pick)誰將去接他還沒有確定。2.__________________________________remainsunknown.(finish)我們是否能按時完成工作還不知道3._____________________________________isnoneofmybusiness.(like)你不喜歡他與我無關(guān)。4._________________________________________isbeingdiscussed.(abroad)他將何時出國正在討論之中。5.____________________________inlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(matter)英語學(xué)習(xí)中最重要的是足夠的練習(xí)。6.Itworriedherabit______________________________________________.(turn)她的頭發(fā)正在變白讓她有些擔(dān)憂。7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,whatourastronautsdesiretodo______________________________.(walk)楊利偉成功地環(huán)繞地球后，我們的宇航員所想做的是在太空漫步。8.________________________________________shouldbepunished.(break)任何違法的人都應(yīng)該被懲罰。9.______________________________wecanlearnfourforeignlanguagesatthesametime.(seem)我們能同時學(xué)四門外語似乎不可能。10._______________________________wasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtothekeyuniversities.真題：1、

TheForeignMinistersaid,“______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.Thisis

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AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.

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_______beatXiaoWangblackandblueisnotknown.

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D.What7、________mattersmuch________theheadmastersupportsouractivity.A．It;whether

B．What;whetherC．As;that

D．That;if8、________isknowntousallisthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.A．AsB．It

C．ThatD．What9、________PremierWenJiabaovisitedtheUnitedStatesledtothecloserrelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.A．Which

B．WhatC．That

D．As10、Itisobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A．a(chǎn)s

B．whichC．whether

D．that11、Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout，althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A.that

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D.whether12、Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we'lldoistorebuildthebridge.A．this

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D．which13、Itisstillunderdiscussion________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A．whether

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D．where14、________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which

B.WhatC.That

D.Whom15、Itwasneverclear________themanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.A.that

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D.whyI.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使句子意思完整。1.______hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterdaywasn’tquiteclear.2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“Itisourhope______thetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”3.______teamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.4.______comestothepartywillreceiveapresent.5.______Maryhasleftisstillaquestion.6.It’sreported______threepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.7.______hesolvedtheproblemsuccessfullyinterestedallofus.8.Weusuallythink______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.9.Itisafact______Englishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.10.______istobesenttheretosolvetheproblemhasn’tbeendecided.II.下列各句中均有一處錯誤，請改正。1.Thattheoldman’ssonwantedtoknowwaswherethegoldhadbeenhidden.2.ItisreportedwhenChinahassuccessfullysentShenzhouVIspaceshipintospace.3.Ifhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.4.Whetherthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingexcitedthewholenation.5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,whichourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.6.Whateverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.7.Whytheywillsolvetheseriousproblemtodayhasnotbeendecided.8.WhenwillwintheEnglishcompetitionisstillaproblem.9.Howourspringsportsmeetwillbeheldornotthisweekisnotknownyet.10.It’sstrangewhenheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.1、D。此句為it放在句首作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。2、B?？疾橹髡Z從句。從句中動詞do缺少賓語，故選what，what引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作主語。3、B4、B5、

【解析】C.考查主語從句，并在主語從句中作fear的賓語what的用法。6、C7、A解析：it是形式主語，真正的主語是whether引導(dǎo)的從句。句意：校長是否支持我們的活動很重要。故選A項。8、D解析：what在這里引導(dǎo)主語從句，選D項。此題要注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果題目改為：①________isknowntousall,theChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.該句空處應(yīng)用As,As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；②________isknowntousallthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.該句空處則應(yīng)用It,It作形式主語。9、C解析：句意：溫家寶總理訪問美國讓兩國之間的關(guān)系更加密切。“ThatPremierWenJiabaovisitedtheUnitedStates”是主語從句，that在從句中只起連詞作用，不作句子成分，本身沒有詞義，但是不可省略。10、D解析：it是形式主語，代替后面的主語從句。主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。that在主語從句中不作成分，但不能省略。11、B解析：句意：盡管大約有兩千名病人已經(jīng)服用了這種藥物，但是它會產(chǎn)生什么樣的副作用現(xiàn)在還不能確定。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該選擇B項引導(dǎo)主語從句。what在這里實際上是作為形容詞來修飾后面的“sideeffect副作用”。一起作從句中bringabout的賓語。12、C解析：句意：村民們已經(jīng)知道我們要重建這座橋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，known后跟賓語從句，省略了連接詞that。此賓語從句中又包含一個主語從句，主語從句中do缺少賓語，所以用what引導(dǎo)該從句作整個賓語從句的主語，答案為C項。13、A解析：whether“是否”；when“當(dāng)……時候”；which“哪一個”；where“哪兒”。句意：舊車站是否要被現(xiàn)代化的旅館所代替仍在討論中。根據(jù)句意可知選A項。14、B解析：句意：“巴巴拉·瓊斯給予她粉絲的是誠實和快樂?！薄癬_______BarbaraJonesofferstoherfans”在句中作主語，為主語從句。what引導(dǎo)主語從句并且在從句中作offers的賓語，故選B項。which表示“哪一個”；whom表示“誰”。均不符合句意。15、D解析：句意：這名男子沒有早點報