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2021年最新期末復(fù)習(xí)教師輔導(dǎo)教案

學(xué)員編號(hào):年級(jí):高一課時(shí)數(shù):3

學(xué)員姓名:輔導(dǎo)科目:英語學(xué)科教師:

課程主題:時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+語法填空專題+名校期末

授課時(shí)間:

考真題

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí),掌握語法填空題的解題技巧,提升綜合能力

教學(xué)內(nèi)容

城門測(cè)鍬

用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式填空:

1.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam______(rescue)fourdayslater.(上海英語高考)

2.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.(上海英語高考)

3.Thechurchtowerwhich(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(上海英語高考)

4.Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime,butallthetickets(sell)out.(上海英語高考)

5.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_______(always,warn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.

(上海英語高考)

6.一DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?(上海英語高考)

—Terry?Never!She______(hate)tentsandfreshair!

7.Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs______(run)asbusinesstomakeaprofit.(上海英語高考)

8.一Didyoutidyyourroom?(上海英語高考)

No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI______(have)visitors.

9.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances______(discover)inthepastyears.(上海英語

高考)

10.Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou________(write)home.(上海英語高考)

11.Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Mike__________(expect)tobecomeaworldchampionbyhis

coachandparents.(2上海英語高考)

12.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.(上海英語高考)

13.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,(work)ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.(_L:海英

語高考)

14.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945andtheirpower(be)increasedenormouslyeversince.(上海英

語高考)

15.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople(persuade)toeatmorefruit

andvegetables.(上海英語高考)

Keys:

1.wasrescued2.have3.isbeingrestored4.hadsold5.werealwaysbeingwarned6.hates7.havebeenrun

8.had9.havebeendiscovered10.write1l.wasexpected12.weresent13.isworking14.hasbeen15.are

persuaded

暫先導(dǎo)皆

及劫器耕

一.高中??紩r(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述

1.一般過去時(shí)

1)表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常有明確的時(shí)間狀語,如【yesterday,lastnight,someyears

ago,inl890等,以及由when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。

Tomdidn'tcometoclassyesterday.

2)表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常由以下詞語連接,用一般過去時(shí)。如:but,and,when,assoonas,

immediately,themoment,theminute<.

Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.

2.一般將來時(shí)

高中的幾個(gè)??嫉囊话銓頃r(shí)句型:

1)“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或其他時(shí)間狀語連

用。

TheEnglisheveningisabouttostart.英語晚會(huì)即將開始。

2)“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示約定的、計(jì)劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作通常是人的意志所

能控制的,或用于征求意見。

There'stobeaslideshowthisafternoon.

Youaretohandinyourpapersby1()o'clock.

3)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示將來。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)

移的動(dòng)詞,如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive等,還有join,play,eat,work,return,take,wear,stay,sleep,

meel等。常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。

I'mleavingforTibetonSunday.

Whenareyougoingbacktoyourfactory?

3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1)表示說話人說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,它不涉及該動(dòng)作的發(fā)生和結(jié)果,譯成漢語“正在”,這一用法常和表

示此刻的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now,atthistime,atpresent,atthemoment等。

I'mdoingmyhomeworknow.

It*sraininghard.

2)表示現(xiàn)階段但并非眼下正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作常與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用,如thesedays,this

week等。

Heiswritinganovelthisweek.

3)表達(dá)褒貶等感情色彩

和always,forever,continually,constantly,instantly,continuously等頻度副詞連用,表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)

作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性。表達(dá)厭煩、憤怒、抱怨、贊揚(yáng)等情感。

Heisconstantlyleavinghisthingsabout.(表責(zé)怪)

Sheisalwayschangingherclothes.(表責(zé)怪)

Heisalwaysworkinghard.(表贊賞)

They'reforeverquarrelingaboutsomething.(不滿)

4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在或過去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語或時(shí)間狀語

從句來表明。

Itwasrainingat6o'clockthismorning.

Iwaslivinginmyteacher'shousewhenIwasinmiddleschool.

2)用來描寫故事發(fā)生的背景

在口語或記敘文中,可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的持續(xù)動(dòng)作作為背景,以此引出由一般過去時(shí)表示的新動(dòng)作。

Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.Ayoungwomansuddenlyappeared

ontheriverbank.

5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束,通常使用不具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞,arrive,

become,begin,break等。這種用法可帶有迄今意義的口寸間狀語,如uptonow,sofar,already,not...yet等。也可

帶有包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語,如now,recently,inthepastfewyears,just等。

Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.

Ihavejustfinishedmywork.

2)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也許還將繼續(xù)下去。這種用法通常用于具有延續(xù)意

義的動(dòng)詞,如live,stay,work等,并帶有表示時(shí)間段的狀語或迄今意義的時(shí)間的狀語,如for,since等。

TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince2002.

Mybrotherhasbeenillfortwodays.

注意:表示短暫的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能用于這種用法,如arrive,come,go,leave等。如,不能說:She

hascometoourschoolfor2years.

3)用在“It(This)is(willbe)thefirst/second/third...time+that從句"中

在這種從句中,當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為is/willbe時(shí),that-從句的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),ihat可以省略。主句中的主語還

可用this,thisevening等;這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可用其他序數(shù)詞;time也可由其他名詞替代。

ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.

It'llbethefirsttimeFvespokeninpublic.

4)“It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting等)+名詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

ThisisthebestfilmEveeverseen.這是我所看過得最好的一部電影。

Thisisthemostinterestingnovelhehaseverwritten.

5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都表示完成的動(dòng)作,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的

是現(xiàn)在的情況,所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等。

而一般過去時(shí)則表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系,它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。

Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過這部電影。(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容)

Isawthefilmlastweek.我上星期看了這個(gè)電影。(只說明上星期看了這個(gè)電影,不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況)

6.過去完成時(shí)

1)過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過

去表示過去某一時(shí)間可用by,before等構(gòu)成的短語,也可用when,before,after,until等引導(dǎo)的從句或通

過上下文表示。

Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.

Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.

2)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始,一直延續(xù)到過去的這一時(shí)間,而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,常和for,

since構(gòu)成的短語或引導(dǎo)的從句連用。

Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.Ihadknownforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.

BythetimeIlefttheschool,hehadtaughttheclassfor3years.

3)放在像said,⑹d,asked,thought,wondered等過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的后面,表示在這些動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生

了的事情。

Myfriendtoldmethathehadpassedtheexam.

HeaskedmewhetherIhadseenthefilmthenightbefore.

Shewonderedwhohadleftthedooropen.

4)用在"Itwasthefirst/second/third...timethat...“句型中,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。

Thiswasthefirsttimetheyhadmetinthirty-nineyears.

Itwasthefirsttimewehadspokentogether.

5)intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí),表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想、意

圖或希望等,含有某種惋惜。

Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.

Wehadmeanttotellherthenewsbutfoundthatshewasn'tin.

6)過去完成時(shí)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有“hardly,scarcely,barely...when,nosooner...than等句子里。

Shehardlyhadgonetobedwhenthebellrang.

Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.

7.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have/hasbeen+-ing形式”構(gòu)成。用法如下:

1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連

用。

-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.

-Iamtired.Ihavebeenpaintingthelivingroomallday.

Theyhavebeenlivingherefor1()years.

2)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始,一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)候剛結(jié)束。

Ihavebeenwaitingyouforaboutonehour,o(說話時(shí)"等"的動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束)

Shehasbeenworkingallnightlong.

3)表示重復(fù)(只斷斷續(xù)續(xù),而非一直不停)

We'vebeendiscussingthematterseveraltimesthisyear.

Ihavebeensayinggoodbyetosomefriendstoday.

8.將來完成時(shí)

將來完成時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。將來完成時(shí)由“shall/will+have+v-ed”構(gòu)成。用法如下:

1)將來完成時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,通常與before或by連用。

Beforelong,hewillhaveforgottenallaboutit.

Bytheendofthismonth,we'llhavestudied10units.

2)表示持續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)也可能將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。

Whentheymoveherenextmonth,we'llhavelivedinthecityfor5years.

Bytheendofthismonthweshallhavebeenherefortwoyears.

9.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+been+v-ing”

構(gòu)成。

1)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)間。這一動(dòng)作可能己經(jīng)停止也可

能還在進(jìn)行。

ShetoldmethatshehadbeenstudyingFrenchfor5years.(仍繼續(xù))

Shetoldmethatshehadbeenwaitingformeforanhour.(不再繼續(xù))

HehadbeenstudyingEnglishbeforeenteringthecollege.

2)表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作、企圖、情緒、最近的情況

Youhadbeengivingmeeverything.(感激)

1hadbeenstudyingthemeaningofthepoem.我一直在研究這首詩。(我還沒懂)

二被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

一般式進(jìn)行式完成式

現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+p.pam/is/are+being+p.phave/has+been+p.p

過去時(shí)was/were+p.pwas/were+being+p.phad+been+p.p

將來時(shí)shall/will+be+p.pshall/will+havebeen+p.p

注意:含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語變化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,maymust,haveto等)+be+動(dòng)詞的-ed形

式。含有“begoingto,beto,usedto,beaboutto”等結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),其構(gòu)成為“begoingto

(beto,usedto,beaboutto)+be+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式”構(gòu)成。

(-)幾種特殊形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

1.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

通常只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài),但有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài),且短語中的介詞或副

詞不能省略。

Haveyousentforthedoctoi?—Hasthedoctorbeensentfor?

注意:主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動(dòng)詞為“不及物動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞'’構(gòu)成的及物的短語動(dòng)詞時(shí).,通常把它看成一個(gè)整體。

但也可將這類短語動(dòng)詞本身的名詞用作主語,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),尤其是在名詞前有定語修飾時(shí)。

Goodcaremustbetakenofthebabiesparticularlywhiletheyareill.

Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.—>Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.

2.Get型被動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式是由“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。但在現(xiàn)代英語中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get+及物動(dòng)詞

的過去分詞''構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài),這叫g(shù)et-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)。get-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞數(shù)量有限,通常為單個(gè)的

動(dòng)詞或比較簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞短語。

(1)get+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

get常同marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress,pay,wound等動(dòng)詞的-ed形式連

用,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般指動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而非動(dòng)作本身,常指“最后終于,突然發(fā)生”等意義。

Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmaygetrunoverbyacar.

Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.

(2)get-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)有言外之意或具有感情色彩

Hegottaughtalesson.(有“活該”之意)

Howdidthewindowgetclosed.(有“不該關(guān)上”之意)

(3)get.型被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)表示開始進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài),而be+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式只表示存在的狀態(tài)。

Shegottired.(有開始感到疲勞的含義)

Shewastired.(只表示“她累了")

3.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的幾種情況

(1)當(dāng)feel、look、smelktaste>sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);當(dāng)cut、read>sell>wear、write等詞帶狀語修

飾語時(shí);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。

Thesenovelswon'tsellwell.這些小說不暢銷。

Thedoorwon'tlock.門鎖不上。

Thefishsmellsgood.魚聞起來香。

(2)當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff>turnoff>workout等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。

Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.

Thelampsonthewallturnoff.

(3)want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。

(4)beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

(5)在“be+形容詞+todo”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。

Thiskindofwaterisn'tfittodrink.

Thegirlisn'teasytogetalongwith.

另外:betoblame(受譴責(zé)),betorent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。

Themachine(equip)withsecuringcamerasandalarmsandlookslikeaminishopwithabrickfront,agrey

roofandadisplaywindow.(2014上海高考)

Inrecentyears,thecommercialpressurefromsupermarketchains(force)villageshopsacrossthecountry

toclose.(2014上海高考)

3.Feelinggood,I(empty)mypursechangeintothehandsofahomelessmanandhelpedastrugglingwoman

reversepark.(2015上海高考)

4.WhenIaskhimtoputdownthephoneandstop(1)(ignore)me,hesay,“Inaminute.^^butstillcheckstosee

if(2)haspostedsomethingnewontheInternet.Ourlife(3)(interrupt).IfwegosomewhereandIask

himtohavethephoneathome,hesuffersfromwithdrawalsymptom.(2015上海高考)

5.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme——

shywouldshemotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe(do)?(2016上海高考)

6.Inrecentyears,stress(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressureto

mentalillness.(2016上海高考)

7.Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn'tenterthehouse,fbrhe(leave)hiskeyatschool.(2013年上

海英語高考)

8.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswho(elect)tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.(2013年上海

英語高考)

9.1shonestythebestpolicy?We(teach)thatitiswhenwearelittle.(2012年上海英語高考)

10.一IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.

—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he(save)enoughforausedone.(2012年上海英語高考)

1l.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents(sign)upforthedancecompetition?(2011年上海英語高考)

l.isequipped2.hasforced3.emptied4.(l)ignoring(2)someone/somebody

(3)hasbeeninterrupted/isbeinginterrupted/isinterrupted5haddone6.hasbeenregarded

7.hadleft8.havebeenelected9.aretaught10.willhavesaved11.wouldsign

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1.Dawn(just,break)astheyclimbedintotheboatandpusheditofffromthebank.

2.Billy,myneighbordownthestreet,(always,talk)aboutpoliticsasifhewereagreatfigure.Actually

heknowsnothingaboutit.

3.WhenthePresidentandtheFirstLadyweregreetingthearrivingguests,anorchestra(play)softlyin

thebackground.

4.Whenthepatientfinallydecidedtogotothedoctor's,he(have)painsinhissidefbralongtime.

5.Theterrorists(still,negotiate)withthegovernmentofficialsalthoughtheyhadn'tgivenup.

6.AlthoughIknowPicassowasoneofthegreatestartistsofhistime,Istill(ever,notenjoy)his

paintingsexceptforthosepaintedduringhisBluePeriod.

7.No.66still(not,score)apointyeteventhoughheisplayingfarbetterthananyoneelseintheteam.

8.There(be)twomajoreventsinmylifeoverthepastyea亡mymarriageandthebirthofmyson.

9.Heendedupinfailureeventhoughhe(work)hardfbrmonths.

10.Collegegraduateswithoutworkexperiences(lose)appealforinternationalcompanies,whichare

turningtoreturnedstudentsfromoverseasuniversities.

11.1havesuchabadpaininthestomachthatI(be)offworksinceTuesday.

12.Untilnowresearchandtreatmentforoverweight(focus)ondrugstodecreaseappetiteandsurgery.

13.Thefriendlyinsuranceagent(call)atmyofficefruitfullytwoorthreetimesaweektosellhis

varioustypesofinsurancepolicies.

14.Wearegettingclosetothecoast.Bycalculations,probablywe(see)landbyearlymorning.

15.Itisestimatedthatinthelasteightyearsabout200students(lose)theirlivesbecauseofschool-

relatedgunviolence.

16.ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStates(change)greatlysincethe20thcentury.

17.Bythelate1970s,manyshoppingmalls(develop)intosmallcitiesthemselves.

18.Sofarthecompetitionforadmissiontothecountry'stopprivateschools(always,be)toughsince

fewpublicschoolscancomparefavorablywithprivateschools.

19.Tohisastonishment,hewasdismissedaftereverythinghe(do)forthecompany.

20.一Ismellsomethingburning.

——Sodo1.1thinkit(come)fromthekitchen.Annisprobablyironing.

答案:

1.wasjustbreaking2.isalwaystalking

3.wasplaying4.hadhad

5.werestillnegotiating6.haven'teverenjoyed

7.hasn'tscored8.havebeen

9.hadbeenworking1().arelosing

11.havebeen12.havefocused

13.calls14.willhaveseen

15.havelost16.havechanged

17.haddeveloped18.hasalwaysbeen

19.haddone20.iscoining

翻譯練習(xí):

1.孩子們養(yǎng)成了今日事今日畢的好習(xí)慣。

2.當(dāng)?shù)卣扇〈胧┯行Ы鉀Q空氣污染問題。

3.我們離開學(xué)校后一直保持聯(lián)系。

4.他打電話到服務(wù)總臺(tái),說他將再住兩天。

5.湯姆,你怎么老丟東西?

6.她出國深造去了。她多次出國。

7.我們?cè)蛩惆褏⒂^安排在星期四上午,但那天博物館恰好閉館。

8.他的摩托車壞了,這幾天一直步行上班。

9.我沒料到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目他完成的這么快。

10.我認(rèn)識(shí)他時(shí),他全世界游玩了很多地方。

答案:

1.Thechildrenhaveformedthegoodhabitofneverputtingofftoday'sworkuntiltomorrow.

2.Thelocalgovernmentistakingstepstosolveitsairpollutionproblemmoreeffectively.

3.Wehavekeptintouchsinceweleftschool.

4.Hetelephonedthereceptiondesk,sayinghewouldstayforanothercoupleofdays.

5.Tom,whyareyoualwayslosingthings?

6.She'sgoneabroadforfurtherstudies.Shehasbeenabroadmanytimes.

7.WehadmeanttoarrangethevisitforThursdaymorning,butthemuseumhappenedtobeclosedthatday.

8.Hismotorcyclehasgonewrong,soheiswalkingtoworkthesedays.

9.Ididn,texpectthathehadcompletedtheprojectsosoon.

10.HehadtravelledagreatdealaroundtheworldwhenImethim.

語法填空

【知識(shí)梳理】

1.語法填空題考查形式及考點(diǎn)分布:

(1)出題方式:設(shè)關(guān)鍵詞和不設(shè)關(guān)鍵詞。

(2)設(shè)關(guān)鍵詞:考查形容詞、副詞或者動(dòng)詞的用法。

①形容詞、副詞:考查比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),備考方法:準(zhǔn)確判斷出考點(diǎn),并且熟練掌握不同形容詞和副詞的比

較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的形式。

②動(dòng)詞:考查謂語和非謂語動(dòng)詞,即時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、分詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式。

謂語動(dòng)詞的備考方法:了解各種時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞以及特征,判斷句子主被動(dòng),掌握主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的句型運(yùn)用。

非謂語動(dòng)詞的備考方法:掌握加iodo以及加doing的固定句型,準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)詞在充當(dāng)非謂語功能時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)和

語態(tài)。

(3)不設(shè)關(guān)鍵詞:考查冠詞、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連詞的用法(情冠連介代)。

①冠詞:考查定冠詞和不定冠詞,備考方法:準(zhǔn)確判斷語境是特指還是非特指。

②介詞:考查搭配及具體語境的用法,備考方法:熟練掌握固定搭配以及本身用法。

③代詞:考查人稱物主代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞,備考方法:注意判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)(尤其是所缺

成分)以及語境的呼應(yīng)。

④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:考查各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法,備考方法:注意觀察語境中暗含的情感和態(tài)度。

⑤連詞:考查并列連詞和從屬連詞的用法,備考方法:判斷上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系或熟練判斷各種復(fù)合句結(jié)

構(gòu),掌握連詞的特定用法。

注意:在掌握以上考點(diǎn)的同時(shí)也不能忽視對(duì)一些基本常用句型的考查,如:not...until...;notonly...but

(also)...;so...that...;not...but...;as...as...;either...or...;more...than...;neither...nor...;

such...that...;hardly...when...;nosooner…than…等。

2.語法填空解題技巧:

(1)下列情況很可能填不定冠詞:

①+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù));

②+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))。

下列情況下很可能填定冠詞:

①(+定語)+名詞+of等介詞短語(表示特指);

②(+定語)+名詞+定語從句(表示特指);

③(+定語)+名詞+不定式短語或分詞短語(表示特指)。

(2)在無提示詞題型當(dāng)中,空格所填詞在句子中作主語或賓語時(shí),通常填代詞,包括人稱代詞、指示代

詞、不定代詞、名詞性物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞(不能作主語),it等。在名詞前作定語就只能用形容

詞性物主代詞了。

(3)在有提示詞題型當(dāng)中,通常,有表示范圍的in/of介詞短語或形容詞前有the時(shí),一般要用最高級(jí);

than的前面一定要用比較級(jí)。

(4)下面的情況必填連詞。

①連接兩個(gè)功能對(duì)等的單詞或短語時(shí),應(yīng)填并列連詞and,or,but等。

②若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間,沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào),也沒有連詞,那空格處必定是填連接詞,否則,句

子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。

具體解題技巧如下:

第一步:分析結(jié)構(gòu),若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間,沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào),也沒有連接詞,空格必填連接詞

(此處的連接詞包括并列連詞,如:and,but,or,so,for等;和從屬連詞,如:which,who,that,if,whether等)。

第二步:根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系,或根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)來確定是并列結(jié)構(gòu)還是某種主從復(fù)合句。

第三步:若是主從復(fù)合句,要根據(jù)從句的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合連詞的意義和作用,確定填具體的某個(gè)連接詞。

兩三空填詞梳理

兩空常填連詞

表原因:nowthat

表讓步:evenif/eventhough

表方式:asif/asthoughJustas

表目的:sothat,incase

表結(jié)果:sothat

定語從句中:介詞+which/whom

表?xiàng)l件:whatif...?

表除了:except+when/that/what

三空常填連詞

表目的:inorderthat,forfearthat

表時(shí)間:assoonas

表?xiàng)l件:as/solongas

特別注意:nomatterhow+adj./adv.

nomatterwhat+n.

nomatterwhere/when...

兩空常填介詞

表原因:becauseof/dueto/owingto,thanksto

表讓步:regardlessof

表遞進(jìn):apartfrom

表相反:insteadof,ratherthan

表除了:exceptfor,otherthan

三空常填介詞

表讓步:inspiteof(despite)

表遞進(jìn):inadditionto,aswellas

兩空常填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

haveto,hadbetter,oughtto

【例題精講】

StanfordEarthprofessorJonPayneputsmodernextinctioninconcept(1)comparingthemwithEarth's

fivepreviousmassextinctions.

"Wehavefoundthatextinctionthreatinthemodernoceansisstronglyassociatedwithlargerbodysize,"said

JonathanPayneatStanford'sSchoolofEarth,Energy&EnvironmentalSciences.uThisismostlikelyduetopeople

(2)(target)largespeciesforconsumptionfirst/'

Inanewstudy,(3)(publish)intheSeptemberissueofSciencethisyear,Payneandhiscolleagues

examinedtheassociationbetweenextinctionthreatlevelandecologicaltraits(4)bodysizefbr

twom(yorgroupsofmarineanimals-mollusksandvertebrates-overthepast500yearsandcompareditwiththe

ancientpast,(5)(stretch)asfarbackas445millionyearsagoandwithaparticularemphasisonthemost

recent66millionyears.

“Weusedthefossilrecordtoshow,inaconcreteconvincingway,that(6)ishappeninginthemodern

oceansisreallydifferentfromwhathashappenedinthepast.^saidstudyco-authorNoelHeim.

Specifically,theauthorsfoundthatthemoderneraisuniqueintheextent(7)whichcreatureswithlarger

bodysizesarebeingtargetedforextinction.MWhatouranalysisshowsisthatforeveryfactorof10increaseinbody

mass,thechanceof(8)(threaten)byextinctiongoupbyafactorof13orso,"Paynesaid,"Sothebiggeryou

are,the(9)(likely)youaretobefacingextinction."

Theselectiveextinctionoflarge-bodiedanimals(10)haveseriousconsequencesforthehealthofmarine

ecosystems,thescientistssay,becausetheytendtobeatthetopsoffoodwebsandtheirmovementsthroughthe

watercolumnandtheseafloorhelpcyclenutrientsthroughtheoceans.

Keys:1.by2.targeting3.published4.suchas5.stretching

6.what7.to8.beingthreatened9.morelikely10.can/could

【分析】

1.考查介詞。通過比較他們與地球上以前五次大滅絕。

2.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,duetodoing的結(jié)構(gòu),所以要用動(dòng)名詞。

3.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,過去分詞作后置定語的用法,意為今年九月已被發(fā)表的研究。

4.考查固定表達(dá),suchas,意為例如。

5.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,過去分詞作后置定語的用法,意為回到445百萬年前。

6.考查名詞性從句,后面從句缺主語,而且是指物,所以填what。

7.考查定語從句,由tosomeextent可知,這里填towhicho

8.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,介詞of后接動(dòng)名詞,而且是被動(dòng),所以填beingthreatened。

9.考查形容詞固定搭配,the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí),由句意可知填morelikely。

10.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意,動(dòng)物的滅絕可能會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的后果,所以填can/could。

【鞏固練習(xí)】

TwoAmericaneconomists,WilliamNordhausandPaulRomer,havebeenjointlyawardedthe2018Nobel

EconomicsPrize.Theyconstructed"greengrowth“modelsthatshowhowclimatechangeandtechnological

innovationcanbeintegratedwitheconomicgrowth.Theirmodelshaveshapedpolicyaroundtheworldprofoundly.

(1)(work)independently,theyhaveaddressed“someofourtime*smostbasicandpressingquestionsabout

howwecreatelong-termsustainedandsustainablegrowth,"theRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences(瑞典皇家科

學(xué)院)saidinastatement.Thetwomen,itcontinued,had^significantlybroadenedthescopeofeconomicanalysis

byconstructingmodelsthatexplain(2)themarketeconomyinteractswithnatureandknowledge.”

Nordhaus,77,hasbeenapioneerofenvironmentaleconomicssincethe1970s.Heisalongtimeprofessorof

economicsatYaleUniversity.He(3)(recognize)fbrhisworkinapplyingeconomicanalysistoclimate

changeforecastslongago.

Inthemid-1990s,Nordhausbecamethefirstpersontocreateamodelthatdescribestheglobalinteraction(4)

theeconomyandtheclimate.Themodeldrawsonthefieldsofchemistry,physicsandeconomicsandisused

toexplorethepossibleeffectsofclimatepolicies.Healsocameupwiththeideaofcarbontaxationasaway(5)

(cut)downongreenhousegasemissions.CarbontaxationiswidespreadthroughoutEuropeandworkis

underwayinseveralotherregionstoadoptit.TheUnitedStates-thesecond(6)(large)emitterofgreenhouse

gasesintheworld-hasyettoputitintoeffect.

Theco-winnerRomer,aformerseniorvicepresidentoftheWorldBank,nowworksas(7)economics

professoratNewYorkUniversity.HesaidhewashonoredtobenamedalongsideNordhaus,(8)workpaved

thewayfbrhisown.The62-year-oldwasknownformodeling,methodsfbrlong-termeconomicgrowth.Hismost

influentialwork,(9)(publish)in1990,hasgeneratedvastamountsofnewresearchintotheregulationsand

policiesthatencouragenewideasandlong-tennprosperity.Romerwasconfidentthattheworldcouldreduce

greenhousegasemissionsandstillimprovestandardsoflivinginthefuture.t4We(10)absolutelymakegreat

progressinprotectingtheenvironment,andwithoutgivinguponthechancetosustaingrowth,“hesaid.

【答案】1.Working2.how3.wasrecognized4.between5.tocut

6.largest7.an8.whose9.published10.can/will

【分析】

1.考察非謂語,做分詞,動(dòng)作主體是they,與work之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此填working。

2.填連詞,賓語從句,解釋了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)如何與自然和知識(shí)互動(dòng)。

3.謂語,語態(tài)為被動(dòng),被認(rèn)可,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“l(fā)ongago”可知時(shí)態(tài)為過去式。

4.填介詞,固定搭配,betweenAandB

5.考察非謂語,固定搭配,awaytodosth.

6.最高級(jí),所給范圍為“intheworld”

7.冠詞,一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授。

8.連詞,橫線后面為名詞work,在這里表達(dá)的意思是,他的作品為我鋪平到道路。

9.考察非謂語,插入語“publishedin1990”,表示在199()年被出版的作品

10.考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,can能夠。

連詞專項(xiàng)鞏固練習(xí)

1.Americanshaveaterribleneedtofindout(1)isrightinanargument.Theproblemis

(2)attheinterpersonallevelyoureallydon'tneedtofindthetruth,ormaybethereisn'tany.Chinese

peoplearefarmorecontenttothink(3)bothsideshaveflawsandvirtues,becausetheyhavean

awareness(4)lifeisfullofcontradictions.TheydofarlessblamingoftheindividualthanAmericans

do.

【答案】who|that|that|that

2.Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedtheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.Most

doctorsandresearcherssay,“Giveupsmoking.youdon'tsmoke,don'tstart.^^Somecapabledoctors

andresearchers—theirsmallnumberisreducingevenfurther—arelesssureoftheeffectofcigarette

smokingonhealth.Theyconsidertheincreaseinvariousformsofcancersmaypossiblybeexplainedbyotherfactors

inthehumanenvironment.alltobaccosmokingaffectshealth,cigarettesmokingappearstohavea

muchgreatereffectthancigarorpipesmoking.

【答案】because|If|though|While

3.you'retryingtotalktoakidwearinghisiPodorheadphones,makenobonesaboutit;heisnot

ignoringyou,heisdisrespectingyou.Atthatpoint,everythingelseshouldstopandyouwaithetakes

theearplugsouthisears.Don'ttrytocommunicatewithhimhe'swearingheadphones一

hetellsyouhecanhearyou.Wearingearphonesyou'retalkingtohimisasignof

disrespect.Parentsshouldbeverytoughaboutthiskindofthing.Remember,mutualrespectbecomesmoreimportant

childrenmature.

[答案]When|until|when|even|if]while/when|as

4.Dreamsareamessagefromthesubconscious.Keepanotepadandpenbyyourbedside,andassoonasyou

wake,notedown(1)snatchesofdreamsyoucanrecall.Dreamscansolveyourproblems,giveyou

advice,revealyourtruefeelings,andbeasourceofinspiration.

Whatareyouawareofrightnow?Lookatafamiliarobjectintheroomasifseeingitofthefirsttimeexploreit

withyoureyes.Next,listenintentlyto(2)

soundsyoucanhear.Whatyoucansmellandtasteatthismoment?Touch(3

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