人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修二第一單元語(yǔ)法課件-非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

People'sEducationPressSeniorHighSchoolEnglis目錄CONTENTSThedefinitionandcharacteristicsofnonrestrictiverelativeclausesTheguidingwordsofnonrestrictiverelativeclauses目錄CONTENTSTheusageofnonrestrictiverelativeclausesTranslationandpracticeofnonrestrictiverelativeclausesAnalysisofcommonerrorsinnonrestrictiverelativeclauses01ThedefinitionandcharacteristicsofnonrestrictiverelativeclausesItissetoffbycommas,parentheses,ordashes,andcanbeomittedwithoutchangingthemeaningofthesentence.Anon-restrictiverelativeclauseisasubordinateclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanounorpronoun,withoutrestrictingormodifyingitsmeaning.definitionNon-restrictiverelativeclausesareusedtoprovideadditionalinformationthatisnotessentialtothemeaningofthesentence.Theyareoftenusedtoadddetails,backgroundinformation,orclarifytheidentityofthesubject.characteristicInarestrictiverelativeclause,theinformationprovidedbytheclauseisessentialtothemeaningofthesentenceandcannotbeomittedwithoutchangingitsmeaning.Anon-restrictiverelativeclause,ontheotherhand,providesadditionalinformationthatisnotessentialtothemeaningofthesentenceandcanbeomittedwithoutchangingitsmeaning.Thedifferencebetweenrestrictiveattributiveclausesandnon-restrictiveclauses02TheguidingwordsofnonrestrictiverelativeclausesMeaningExampleWhich"Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyJohn,isveryinteresting."(Theclause"whichwaswrittenbyJohn"isnon-restrictiveandprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthebook.)"which"isusedtointroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanoun.Meaning"who"isusedtointroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclausethatreferstoaperson.Example"Theman,whoisstandingonthestreet,ismyneighbor."(Theclause"whoisstandingonthestreet"isnon-restrictiveandprovidesadditionalinformationabouttheman.)WhoAsMeaning"as"isusedtointroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclausethatcomparestwothingsorsituations.Example"Heisastallashisfather."(Theclause"astallashisfather"isnon-restrictiveandcomparestheheightofthesubjectwithhisfather.)03TheusageofnonrestrictiverelativeclausesWhentherelativeclausemodifiesthesubjectofthemainclause,itiscalledasubjectrelativeclause.Example:ThestudentwhowontheprizeisfromChina.(Thesubjectofthemainclauseis"student",andtherelativeclause"whowontheprize"modifiesthesubject.)AsSubjectWhentherelativeclausemodifiestheobjectofthemainclause,itiscalledanobjectrelativeclause.Example:Iknowthestudentwhowontheprize.(Theobjectofthemainclauseis"student",andtherelativeclause"whowontheprize"modifiestheobject.)AsObjectVSWhentherelativeclausemodifiesthepredicateofthemainclause,itiscalledapredicaterelativeclause.Example:Thestudent,whohasapassionformusic,isverytalented.(Thepredicateofthemainclauseis"isverytalented",andtherelativeclause"whohasapassionformusic"modifiesthepredicate.)UsedasapredicateWhentherelativeclausefunctionsasanadverbialmodifyingthemainclause,itiscalledanadverbialrelativeclause.Example:Thestudentwhostudieshardalwaysgetsgoodgrades.(Therelativeclause"whostudieshard"functionsasanadverbialmodifyingthemainclause"thestudentalwaysgetsgoodgrades.")Usedasanadverbial04TranslationandpracticeofnonrestrictiverelativeclausesTranslationprinciplesWhentranslatingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses,itisimportanttomaintaintheoriginalmeaningandstyle,whileensuringfluencyandnaturalnessinthetargetlanguage.TechniquesfortranslationSomecommontechniquesincluderephrasing,paraphrasing,andcontextualunderstandingtoaccuratelyconveytheinformationwithinthenon-restrictiverelativeclause.TranslationchallengesChallengesmayincludecomplexsentencestructures,culturaldifferences,andtheneedtobalancebetweenliteraltranslationandnaturalexpression.Translationskills123AnalysisofexercisequestionsQuestiontypes:Exercisequestionsoftencoverarangeofsentencepatternsandcontexts,includingidentifyingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses,modifyingtheirplacementwithinasentence,andrephrasingsentencestoincludeorexcludenon-restrictiveclauses.Solutionapproaches:Approachestosolvingthesequestionsincludeanalyzingthestructureofthesentence,understandingthefunctionofthenon-restrictiveclausewithinthecontext,andapplyingtranslationrulesandtechniquestoarriveatanaturalandaccuratetranslation.Commonmistakestoavoid:Commonmistakesincludemisidentifyingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses,over-translatingorunder-translatinginformation,andnotmaintainingtheoriginalmeaningandstyleinthetargetlanguage.05AnalysisofcommonerrorsinnonrestrictiverelativeclausesIncorrectuseof"that"Confusionbetween"that"and"who"Incorrectuseofguidewords"That"isoftenusedinplaceof"which"whenitcomesbeforeacomma,butthisusageisincorrect.Example:"Thebookthatwaswrittenbyhimwasveryinteresting."(Correct:"Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyhim,wasveryinteresting.")"That"isoftenusedinplaceof"which"whenitcomesbeforeacomma,butthisusageisincorrect.Example:"Thebookthatwaswrittenbyhimwasveryinteresting."(Correct:"Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyhim,wasveryinteresting.")SentencepositionerrorTherelativeclauseshouldnotcomebeforethesubjectorafterthepredicate.Example:"Ilikethebookwhichwaswrittenbyhim."(Correct:"Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyhim,isveryinteresting.")IncorrectplacementoftherelativeclausePlacingtherelativeclausebeforethesubjectcanleadtoconfusionandmakethesentencedifficulttounderstand.Example:"Whichwaswrittenb