山西省呂梁市2021-2022學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試題（解析版）

山西省呂梁市2021-2022學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試題

（本試題滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘）

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)

涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱

讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatisthatforcecalled?

A.Thepowerofwind.B.Electricitypower.C.Gravity.

2.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Waitingtheman.B.Changingclothes.C.Typingapaper.

3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Englishlearning.B.Astudent.C.Aclass.

4Whatdoweknowfromtheconversation?

A.Alltheinformationonlineisfalse.

B.Themandoesn,tknowthecomputeratall.

C.Thewomaniscautiouswhenshoppingonline.

5.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.HewillwatchTV.

B.Hehastoleaveearly.

C.Hewillhelpmakedinner.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)

小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至8題。

6.Whatissaidaboutmedicaldevelopmentinthefuture?

A.Healthcarewillbefree.

B.Cancermaybecured.

C.AIDSwilldisappear.

7.Whatwillmakedistantplacesmorepopularforaholiday?

A.Lowercostforairtravel.

B.Fasterairtransport.

C.Betterairservice.

8.Whatisthetopicofthisinterview?

A.Futurewaysoftraveling.

B.Medicalprogressinthefuture.

C.Changesoflifeinthenextdecade.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第9至11題。

9.Whatdoesthegirlwantherfathertobuy?

A.Aruler.B.High-techthings.C.Pencilsanderasers.

10.Whichofthefollowingdoesthefatherconsiderbuyingforhisdaughter?

A.AnMP3player.B.Acomputer.C.Acalculator.

11.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeareasonforherfathertobuywhatshewants?

A.Shevolunteerstousesomeofherownmoney.

B.Sheasksherfathertobuyacheaponeonline.

C.Shetellsherfathersheisthebestinschool.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第12至14題。

12.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Atashop.B.Atabookstore.C.Atareadingroom.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutthebookthemanwouldlike?

A.ItisfullofinventedstoriesabouttheIndustrialRevolution.

B.Itdoesn,thavethenumberofISBN.

C.Itwaspublishedintheearly1980s.

14.Whatadvicedoesthewomangivetheman?

A.Readingonline.

B.Borrowingfromfriends.

C.Tryinganoldbookstore.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第15至17題。

15.WhatisGaryDanko?

A.Thenameofarestaurant.

B.Thenameofaspecialdish.

C.ThenameofthewomanJshusband.

16.WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanJshusband?

A.Heisawaiter.B.Heisavegetarian.C.Heoftencooksathome.

2

17.Whatdoesn,tthemaneat?

A.Meat.B.Vegetables.C.Desserts.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.What'sthespeakertalkingabout?

A.ThelifeofStephenHarwking.

B.ThekeytoStephenHarwking'ssuccess.

C.TheeducationofStephenHawking.

19.WhendidHawkinggotoOxford?

A.In1943.B.In1953.C.In1956.

20.Whichofthefollowingbookswaspublishedin2001?

A.ABriefHistoryofTime.

B.BlackHoles.

C.TheUniverseinaNutshell.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Music

OperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,with

additionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArts

membershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742.http:〃www.cityopera,com.

ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,

whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call723-1182formore

information.http://www,chamberorch.COOL

SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call381-3300.

RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallandinsummeratRiverbend.

http:〃www.symphony,org/home.asp.

CollegeConservatoryofMusic（CCM）:Performancesareonthemaincampusof

theuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyof

events,includingperformancesbythewell-knownLaSalleQuartet,CCM's

PhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethrough

modernmusic.StudentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreeschedule

ofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat556-4183.

http:〃www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.

3

RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththe

closestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:

232-6220.http:〃www.riverbendmusic,com.

1.Whichwebsiteshouldyouvisitifyouwanttoseeanopera?

A.http:〃www.riverbendmusic,com.B.

http://www.symphony,org/home.asp.

C.http:〃www.cityopera,com.D.http:〃www.chamberorch.com.

2.WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI.D.cards?

A.PatriciaCobbettTheater.B.MemorialHall.

C.MusicHall.D.RiverbendMusicTheater.

3.HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplaces?

A.Itgivesshowsallyearround.B.Itoffersseatsintheopenair.

C.Ithasmembershipdiscounts.D.Itpresentsonlymusicalworks.

【答案】1.C2.A3.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章對(duì)五個(gè)網(wǎng)站上的歌劇及管弦樂(lè)等樂(lè)曲作品的演出時(shí)間，內(nèi)容

及購(gòu)票等細(xì)節(jié)做了介紹。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段uOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJune

throughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOpera

honorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742.

http:〃www.cityopera,com.（音樂(lè)廳歌?。河軜?shù)街1243號(hào)。從6月持續(xù)到8月，在3月和

9月有額外的演出。歌劇榮譽(yù)劭坊e享受會(huì)員折扣。電話：241-2742o

http://www.cityopera.com）,,可知，如果你想看歌劇,應(yīng)該去http://www.cityopera,com。

故選C

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四則信息CollegeConservatoryofMusic（CCM）中的首句

uPerformancesareonthemaincampusoftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbett

Theater.（演出在大學(xué)的主校區(qū)，通常在帕特麗夏?科貝特劇院）”以及下文中的“Students

withID.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.（持身份證的學(xué)生可以免費(fèi)參加活動(dòng)）”

可知，學(xué)生可以憑身份證去PatriciaCobbettTheater免費(fèi)看演出。故選A。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五則信息RiverbendMusicTheater中uLargeoutdoortheaterwith

theclosestseatsundercover（pricedifference）.（大型室外劇院,提供最接近的座位

4

（價(jià)格差異））”和對(duì)比其他信息可知,只有RiverbendMusicTheater是室外劇院,有提

供露天座位。因此，RiverbendMusicTheater和其他地方不同的是它有露天座位。故選B。

B

OnFebruary5,2022,ChinaclaimeditsfirstgoldattheBeijing2022Olympic

WinterGamesinthe2000mmixedteamrelayofshorttrackspeedskating.TheChinese

quartet（四人組）ofFanKexin,QuChunyu,RenZiweiandWuDajingstormedtoa

thrillingvictoryattheBeijingWinterOlympicsin2:37.348.Italytookthesilver

andHungarybaggedthebronze.

Accordingtotherules,eachteamismadeupoftwomenandtwowomen,andeach

offourskaterscoversfourandahalflapsinthe2000-meterrace.Olympicsilver

medalistFanskatedthefirstlegofthefinalrace,buttheracewasrestartedas

CanadianandHungarianathletesfelldownsoonafterthestartingpistol（發(fā)令槍）

wasfired.

Astheracestartedagain,Fanfinishedthefirstleginthird,andherteammates

camefrombehindtoleadtherace.Inthelasttenlaps,Chinasteadilyextended

theadvantage,whileskatersfromCanadaandHungarycollided（相撞）.TheItalians

finished0.016secondsbehindChina,almostcutthedeficit.PowerhousesSouthKorea

andtheNetherlandswerepenalizedandknockedoutfromthefinal.

'Tvebeenwaitingforthisgoldmedalforalongtime.Ialwaysbelievein

ourteamandmyteammates,“saidFanwithtearsrollingdownherfaceafterthe

competition."We'vebeentraininghardeveryday,andwecanevenfeelbloodin

ourthroatwhenwesteppedoutoftherink.Wemadeit!”Thevictorysolidifies

China,sdominanceinshort-trackspeedskating.Wusaid,uOurshorttrackteam

isabigfamily.Wenevergiveupandalwaysgoalloutforeveryopportunityto

win.”

4.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Toexplaintherulesofthespeedskatingevent.

B.Tointroducespeedskatersfromdifferentcountries.

C.Toshowtheresultoftheshort-trackspeedskatingrace.

D.TostresstheimportanceoftheChineseteam'svictory.

5.Whywasthemixed2000mrelayracerestarted?

A.Twoathletesfelldownaccidentallyinthefinalrace.

B.Thestartingpistolwasfiredatthewrongtime.

C.Someplayersbroketherulesinthecompetition.

5

D.Theskatingtrackwasnotingoodcondition.

6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“cutthedeficit“probablymeaninparagraph3?

A.Scoredthesame.B.Broketherecord.

C.Losttherace.D.Missedthematch.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheshorttrackteam'ssuccess?

A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Wellbegun,halfdone.

C.Eachcoinhastwosides.D.Godhelpsthosewhohelp

themselves.

【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是中國(guó)在北京2022年冬奧會(huì)短道速滑2000米混合

團(tuán)體接力比賽中摘得首金的事情。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“OnFebruary5,2022,Chinaclaimeditsfirstgoldatthe

Beijing2022OlympicWinterGainesinthe2000mmixedteamrelayofshorttrackspeed

skating.TheChinesequartetofFanKexin,QuChunyu,RenZiweiandWuDajingstormed

toathrillingvictoryattheBeijingWinterOlympicsin2:37.348.Italytookthe

silverandHungarybaggedthebronze.（2022年2月5日，中國(guó)在北京2022年冬奧會(huì)短

道速滑2000米混合團(tuán)體接力比賽中摘得首金。在北京冬奧會(huì)上，范可欣、曲春雨、任子威

和武大靖四人組合以2分37秒348的成績(jī)?nèi)〉昧梭@心動(dòng)魄的勝利。意大利獲得銀牌，匈牙

利獲得銅牌）”可知，第一段的目的是展示短道速滑比賽的結(jié)果。故選C。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“OlympicsilvermedalistFanskatedthefirstlegofthe

finalrace,buttheracewasrestartedasCanadianandHungarianathletesfelldown

soonafterthestartingpistol（發(fā)令槍）wasfired.（奧運(yùn)會(huì)銀牌得主Fan在決賽中滑

了第一回合，但在發(fā)令槍響后不久，加拿大和匈牙利運(yùn)動(dòng)員摔倒，比賽重新開(kāi)始。）”可知，

重新開(kāi)始2000米混合式接力賽是因?yàn)閮擅\(yùn)動(dòng)員在決賽中意外摔倒。故選Ao

【6題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“TheItaliansfinished0.016secondsbehindChina（意大

利隊(duì)落后中國(guó)隊(duì)0.016秒）”可知，兩隊(duì)之間的差距非常非常小，幾乎是一樣的分?jǐn)?shù)，因此

cutthedeficit意為“得分相同”，和A選項(xiàng)意思相近，故選A。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“We，vebeentraininghardeveryday（我們每天都在刻苦

訓(xùn)I練）”和uWenevergiveupandalwaysgoalloutforeveryopportunitytowin.（我

6

們從不放棄，總是全力以赴，爭(zhēng)取每一個(gè)勝利的機(jī)會(huì)?！?可知，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)訓(xùn)練得很辛苦，

才有了好的成績(jī)，因此我們可以從短道速滑隊(duì)的成功中學(xué)到的是：自助者天助，即Godhelps

thosewhohelpthemselves,故選D°

C

Inanewstudy,scientistsanalyzedbloodsamplesfrom22healthydonatorsand

foundmicroplastics（微塑料）in17.HalfthesamplescontainedPETplastic,which

iscommonlyusedindrinksbottles,whileathirdcontainedpolystyrene（聚苯乙

烯），whichisusedforpackagingfoodandotherproducts.Aquarteroftheblood

samplescontainedpolyethylene,fromwhichplasticcarrierbagsaremade.

“Previousworkhadshownthatmicroplasticswere10timeshigherinthewaste

ofbabiescomparedwithadultsandthatbabiesfedwithplasticbottlesare

swallowingmillionsofmicroplasticparticles（彳散粒）aday.Wealsoknowingeneral

thatbabiesaremoresensitivetochemicalandparticleexposure,“saidProfDick

Vethaak,ascientistatVrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam.uThatworriesmealot.”

Thenewresearchadaptedexistingtechniquestodetectandanalyzeparticles

assmallas0.0007mm.Someofthebloodsamplescontainedtwoorthreetypesof

plastic.Theteamusedsteelneedlesandglasstubestoavoidpollutionandtested

forbackgroundlevelsofmicroplasticsusingblanksamples.

Vethaakacknowledgedthattheamountandtypeofplasticvariedbetweentheblood

samples."Butthisisapioneeringstudy,“hesaid,“withmoreworknowneeded.”

Hesaidthedifferencesmightreflectshort-termexposurebeforethebloodsamples

weretaken,suchasdrinkingfromaplasticcoffeecuporwearingaplasticface

mask.

“Aretheparticlespreservedinthebody?Aretheytransportedtocertainorgans?

Andaretheselevelshighenoughtocausedisease?”Vethaaksaid."Moredetailed

researchonhowmicroplasticsaffectthestructuresandprocessesofthehumanbody,

andwhetherandhowtheycantransformcellsandhowtheymaycausecancer,is

urgentlyneeded.Theproblemisbecomingmoreurgenteachday,“Vethaakadded.

8.Whatdoesthenewstudyinparagraph1show?

A.Microplasticpollutionisharmfultohumanhealth.

B.Drinksbottlescontainmoremicroplasticsthanplasticcarrierbags.

C.Microplasticshavebeenfoundinhumanbloodbyscientists.

D.Foodpackagingisthemainsourceofmicroplasticsinthehumanbody.

9.WhatmakesVethaakworriedinparagraph2?

7

A.Thefoodfedtobabies.B.Themassproductionofplastic

bottles.

C.Theeffectofmicroplasticsonbabies.D.Theincreasingamountof

chemicalsinfool.

10.WhatmightcausemicroplasticstovarybetweenbloodsamplesaccordingtoProf

DickVethaak?

A.Varioussamplingtime.B.Short-termexposuretoplastics

beforesampling.

C.Differentwaysofsampling.D.Pollutionofbloodsamples.

11.WhatistheVethaak,sattitudetotheeffectsofmicroplasticsonhumanbody

fromthelastparagraph?

A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.

C.Joyful.D.Anxious.

【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，科學(xué)家分析了22名健康獻(xiàn)血

者的血液樣本，在17名獻(xiàn)血者中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料，

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Inanewstudy,scientistsanalyzedbloodsamplesfrom

22healthydonatorsandfoundmicroplastics（微塑料）in17.（在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，科

學(xué)家分析了22名健康獻(xiàn)血者的血液樣本，在17名獻(xiàn)血者中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料。）”可知，第一

段的新研究表明了科學(xué)家在人類血液中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料。故選C。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Previousworkhadshownthatmicroplasticswere10times

higherinthewasteofbabiescomparedwithadultsandthatbabiesfedwithplastic

bottlesareswallowingmillionsofmicroplasticparticles（微粒）aday.Wealsoknow

ingeneralthatbabiesaremoresensitivetochemicalandparticleexposure（之前

的研究表明，嬰兒排泄物中的微粒是成人排泄物的10倍，用塑料瓶喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒每天吞咽數(shù)

百萬(wàn)塑料微粒。我們也知道，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，嬰兒對(duì)接觸化學(xué)物質(zhì)和粒子更敏感）”可知，Vethaak

在第二段中擔(dān)心的是微塑料對(duì)嬰兒的影響。故選C。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Vethaakacknowledgedthattheamountandtypeof

plasticvariedbetweenthebloodsamples."Butthisisapioneeringstudy,“he

said,“withmoreworknowneeded."Hesaidthedifferencesmightreflectshort-term

8

exposurebeforethebloodsamplesweretaken,suchasdrinkingfromaplasticcoffee

cuporwearingaplasticfacemask.（Vethaak承認(rèn),血液樣本中塑料的數(shù)量和類型各不

相同?！暗@是一項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的研究，”他說(shuō)，“現(xiàn)在還需要做更多的工作?！彼f(shuō)，這種差

異可能反映了血樣采集前的短期接觸，比如用塑料咖啡杯喝咖啡或戴塑料口罩?！?可知，

根據(jù)DickVethaak教授的說(shuō)法，導(dǎo)致不同血液樣本之間的微塑料不同的原因是取樣前短期

接觸塑料。故選B。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Moredetailedresearchonhowmicroplasticsaffectthe

structuresandprocessesofthehumanbody,andwhetherandhowtheycantransform

cellsandhowtheymaycausecancer,isurgentlyneeded.Theproblemisbecoming

moreurgenteachday（迫切需要對(duì)微塑料如何影響人體結(jié)構(gòu)和過(guò)程，以及它們是否和如何

轉(zhuǎn)化細(xì)胞，以及它們?nèi)绾慰赡軐?dǎo)致癌癥進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的研究。這個(gè)問(wèn)題每天都變得更加緊迫）”

可知，Vethaak對(duì)微塑料對(duì)人體的影響的態(tài)度是擔(dān)心的，即anxious。故選D。

D

Everydriverlovessailingthroughaseriesofgreenlightswithouthavingto

stopandwaitatatrafficlight.Now,thankstoartificialintelligence,German

researchershavefoundawaytoreducetimespentatcrossings.

CalledtheKI4LSAprojectandfundedbytheMinistryofTransportandDigital

Infrastructure,theinnovationisbeingtested.Scientistsfirststudiedalgorithms

（算法）takenfromabusycrossingtolearnabouttrafficpatternsandwhere

improvementsweremostneeded.Thereisagreatnecessitytospeedupwaitingtimes

atcrossingsastraditionalmethodsareinflexible,accordingtotheFraunhofer

Institute.

ThenewAImethodusesradarsensorsandhigh-resolutioncamerastointerpret

trafficpatternsinreal-time.Theycandeterminethespeedoftrafficaswellas

waitingtimesandcombinethiswithalgorithms.Scientistsarecurrentlytryingthis

outatabusycrossinginLemgo,Germany,withencouragingresults.

Theintelligentlightsaresaidtoimprovetrafficflowby10to15percent,

whichresultsinmoneysaved;theEUestimatesthattrafficjamscreateeconomic

damagethataddsupto100billioneurosayear.Apartfromreducingcommutingtime,

thesetrafficlightswillreducenoiseandC02emissionsfromcarsidling（空轉(zhuǎn)）

atcrossings.

AnotherexcitingdevelopmentinthisresearchistheK14PEDproject,which

studiespedestrianspassingcrossings.UsingAI,researcherscanidentifyhowmany

9

peoplearewaitingatapedestriancrossingandwhethersomeofthesepeoplewill

needextratimetocrossthestreet.Usinga3Dpointscloud,theycantellifsomeone

hasdisabilitiesoriselderlywithoutidentifyingtheindividual.Because

pedestrianbuttonsthatarepresentlyatcrossingscannotdetermineifsomepeople

havespecialneedsorareelderly,thisisarealwin.Suchaneeds-basedsystem

couldreducepedestrianwaitingtimeby30percent,whichcouldthendecrease

jaywalking（亂穿馬路）by25percent.

Testingwillbedoneuntilthelatesummerof2022intheGermantownsofLemgo

andBielefeld,withresearchersoptimisticthatitwillbeadoptedbymanycountries.

Thistechnologyisexcitingnewsforpedestriansanddriversalike.Itencourages

safety,protectstheenvironment,andmayevengiveyoumoretimetoenjoyyour

morningcoffeebeforeheadingofftowork!

12.WhatisthefunctionofAIintheKI4LSAproject?

AToavoidnoisepollution.B.Tocontrolthespeedoftraffic.

C.Toremindpeopleoftrafficrulesatcrossings.D.Toprovidereal-time

informationabouttraffic.

13Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Waysofimprovingtrafficflow.B.Thedevelopmentofartificial

intelligence.

C.Theeffectoftrafficjamsontheenvironment.D.Advantagescausedbythe

intelligentlights.

14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheK14PEDproject?

A.Itcanbehelpfultopedestrianswithspecialneeds.

B.Itcanidentifytheindividualaccurately.

C.Itcanavoidtrafficaccidentswitha3Dpointscloud.

D.Ithasbeenappliedtostreetsinmanycountries.

15.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheBrightFutureofAITechnologyB.TheIntelligentTrafficLights:

ABlessingforTransportation

C.DigitalTrafficSystem:ASignofSmartCitesD.TheNewTrafficService

forOldCitizens

【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

10

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。利用人工智能，德國(guó)研究人員找到了一種減少十字路口停留時(shí)間的

方法。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThenewAImethodusesradarsensorsandhigh-resolution

camerastointerprettrafficpatternsinreal-time.（這種新的人工智能方法使用雷達(dá)

傳感器和高分辨率攝像頭實(shí)時(shí)解讀交通模式）”可知，人工智能在KI4LSA項(xiàng)目中的作用是提

供實(shí)時(shí)的交通信息。故選D。

【13題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Theintelligentlightsaresaidtoimprovetrafficflowby

10to15percent,whichresultsinmoneysaved;theEUestimatesthattrafficjams

createeconomicdamagethataddsupto100billioneurosayear.Apartfromreducing

commutingtime,thesetrafficlightswillreducenoiseandC02emissionsfromcars

idling（空轉(zhuǎn)）atcrossings.（據(jù)說(shuō)，智能燈可以使交通流量提高10%到15%,從而節(jié)省了

資金；歐盟估計(jì)，交通擁堵每年造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失總計(jì)達(dá)1000億歐元。除了減少通勤時(shí)間，

這些交通信號(hào)燈還將減少在十字路口怠速行駛的汽車產(chǎn)生的噪音和二氧化碳排放）”可知，

第四段主要講述了智能燈的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選D。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Anotherexcitingdevelopmentinthisresearchisthe

K14PEDproject,whichstudiespedestrianspassingcrossings.UsingAI,researchers

canidentifyhowmanypeoplearewaitingatapedestriancrossingandwhethersome

ofthesepeoplewillneedextratimetocrossthestreet.Usinga3Dpointscloud,

theycantellifsomeonehasdisabilitiesoriselderlywithoutidentifyingthe

individual.（這項(xiàng)研究中另一個(gè)令人興奮的進(jìn)展是K14PED項(xiàng)目，它研究行人通過(guò)十字路口。

通過(guò)人工智能，研究人員可以確定有多少人在人行橫道前等待，以及其中一些人是否需要額

外的時(shí)間過(guò)馬路。通過(guò)使用3D點(diǎn)云，它們可以在不識(shí)別個(gè)體的情況下分辨出某人是殘疾人

還是老年人）”可知，K14PED項(xiàng)目的特殊之處在于可以滿足有特殊需求的行人。故選A。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Everydriverlovessailingthroughaseriesofgreenlights

withouthavingtostopandwaitatatrafficlight.Now,thankstoartificial

intelligence,Germanresearchershavefoundawaytoreducetimespentat

crossings.（每個(gè)司機(jī)都喜歡通過(guò)一系列的綠燈，而不必在紅綠燈前停下來(lái)等待?，F(xiàn)在，多

虧了人工智能，德國(guó)研究人員找到了一種減少十字路口停留時(shí)間的方法）”可知，本文主要

講述了利用人工智能，德國(guó)研究人員找到了一種減少十字路口停留時(shí)間的方法。因此“智能

燈：交通的福音”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

II

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Anapologytellssomeonethatwearesorryforthehurtwecausedevenifwe

didn,tdoitonpurpose.

16

Apologiesareoneofthetoolsthatweusetobuildgoodfriendshipsand

relationships.Whenyousay“Iamsorry“andreallymeanit,it'sbecauseyou

probablyfeelbadthatsomethingyoudidorsaidhurttheotherperson.Sayingyou're

sorryismorethanjustwords.Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherperson

andyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalittle

better.17Whenyouapologizeinacaringway,youcanfeelgoodbecause

youaretryingtomakethingsrightagain.

Doesapologizingfixeverything?

Sometimesasincere“Iamsorry“fixeseverythingrightaway.Othertimes,

itmighttakeawhileforsomeonetogetpast（通過(guò)）feelingupset.Youmayneed

togivetheotherpersonsometime.Evenafteryousayyouaresorry,heorshemight

stillfeelbadaboutwhatyousaidordid.18

Whatifyouhavebeenhurt?

19.However,ifapersonkeepshurtingyouandapologizingwithout

makinganefforttochange,youmaynotwanttomakefriendswithhim.Justbecause

someoneapologizes,yetitdoesn,tmeanyouhavetobefriends.20,

anythingmoreisuptoyou!

AHowshouldweapologize?

B.Whyshouldweapologize?

C.Althoughit'spolitetoacceptanapology,

D.Theotherpersonwillprobablyfeelbetter,too.

E.Whenheorshedoessomethingwrong,

F.Whensomeoneapologizestoyou,youmaywelcomeit.

G.Butatleastyoucanfeelgoodaboutapologizingorfixingthemistake.

【答案】16.B17.D18.G19.F20.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了道歉能夠讓我們傷害到的人感受到我們的歉意。文

章從三個(gè)問(wèn)題著手，介紹與道歉相關(guān)的三方面的內(nèi)容，即我們?yōu)槭裁吹狼?？道歉是否能解決

12

一切？以及要是我們被傷害了呢？文章告訴了我們道歉的必要性，重要作用以及自己受傷害

應(yīng)該怎么應(yīng)對(duì)。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“ApologiesareoneofthetoolsthatweusetobuiIdgoodfriendshipsand

relationships.Whenyousay“Iamsorry“andreallymeanit,it'sbecauseyou

probablyfeelbadthatsomethingyoudidorsaidhurttheotherperson.Sayingyou're

sorryismorethanjustwords.Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherperson

andyoucareabouthisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalite

better.（道歉是我們用來(lái)建立良好友誼和關(guān)系的工具之一。當(dāng)你真心實(shí)意地說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”的

時(shí)候，那可能是因?yàn)槟銓?duì)自己的所作所為傷害了他人而感到難過(guò)。說(shuō)對(duì)不起不僅僅是口頭上

的。也說(shuō)明你尊重對(duì)方，你關(guān)心他或她的感受。道歉之后，你可能會(huì)感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)。）”可知，

這段講述的是道歉的好處，它不僅是我們建立好的友誼和關(guān)系的工具之一。它也會(huì)讓我們傷

到的人感受到我們尊重他們的感受。因此，此處是在回答為什么道歉這個(gè)問(wèn)題。由此處考查

小標(biāo)題可知，B選項(xiàng)"Whyshouldweapologize?（我們?yōu)槭裁匆狼?？）”符合語(yǔ)意。故選

B項(xiàng)。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Youarealsosayingthatyourespecttheotherpersonandyoucareabout

hisorherfeelings.Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalittlebetter.（也說(shuō)明你

尊重對(duì)方，你關(guān)心他或她的感受。道歉之后，你可能會(huì)感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)。）”可知，道歉之后你

會(huì)感覺(jué)好多了，而被傷害的人，知道你對(duì)他或她的感受很在意，他們也會(huì)感到好很多。D項(xiàng)

“Theotherpersonwi11probablyfeelbetter,too.（另一個(gè)人可能也會(huì)感覺(jué)好些）”符

合題意，選項(xiàng)中的theother呼應(yīng)上文的theotherperson?故選D項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Sometimesasincere“Iamsorry"fixeseverythingrightaway.Other

times,itmighttakeawhileforsomeonetogetpast（通過(guò)）feelingupset.Youmay

needtogivetheotherpersonsometime.Evenafteryousayyouaresorry,heor

shemightsti11feelbadaboutwhatyousaidordid.（有時(shí)候一句真誠(chéng)的"對(duì)不起”

可以立刻解決一切。