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ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering全套可編輯PPT課件
考核方式評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
期末綜合考試
50%2次課堂報告
20%課堂表現(xiàn)及出勤
30%MainContents
IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws,RegulationsandSustainableDevelopmentProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering
IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineering
WhatisEnvironmentalEngineering
ContentsImportantConcepts
Environmentalengineeringistheintegrationofsciencesandengineeringprinciplestoimprovethenaturalenvironment,toprovidehealthywater,air,andlandforhumanhabitationandforotherorganisms,andtocleanuppollutionsites.
--abranchofappliedscienceandtechnologythataddressestheissueofenergypreservation,productionassetandcontrolofwastefromhumanandanimalactivities.WhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?--Wastewatermanagement--Airpollutioncontrol--Recycling--Wastedisposal--Radiationprotection--Industrialhygiene--Environmentalsustainability--Publichealthissues--Knowledgeofenvironmentalengineeringlaw--TheenvironmentalimpactRelatedfieldCivilengineering
hydrology,waterresourcesmanagement,bioremediation,andwatertreatmentplantdesign.Chemicalengineeringenvironmentalchemistry,advancedairandwatertreatmenttechnologiesandseparationprocessesWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?DevelopmentEversincepeoplefirstrecognizedthattheirhealthandwell-beingwererelatedtothequalityoftheirenvironment,theyhaveappliedthoughtfulprinciplestoattempttoimprovethequalityoftheirenvironment.WhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?TheancientHarappancivilizationutilizedearlysewersinsomecities.(B.C.3000)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?Romansconstructedaqueductstopreventdroughtandtocreateaclean,healthfulwatersupplyforthemetropolisofRome.(B.C.500)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?Inthe15thcentury,Bavaria③createdlawsrestrictingthedevelopmentanddegradationofalpinecountrythatconstitutedtheregion'swatersupply.DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?TheearliestknowndrainagesysteminChinaappearedinthelateNeolithicage,about4600yearsago.ItisagroupofceramicundergrounddrainagepipesunearthedattheLongshaneracitysiteofpingliangtai,Huaiyang,HenanProvince.(B.C.3000)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?AdrainageditchmadeofpebbleswasalsofoundatthesiteofYanguocityinLiuliriver.Itsbottomandsidewallsweremadeofpebbles,anditstopwascoveredwithwood.Thedrainageditchpassesunderthecitywall,andtherainwaterinthecityflowsintothemoatthroughthedrainageditch,andthenintotheDashiriver.ItistheearliestpebbledrainageditchexcavatedinChinaandtheoldestsewerinBeijing.(B.C.1000)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?EverytimethereisaheavyrainorrainstorminBeijing,therewillbeadragonspittingwaterlandscapeonthefoundationoftheTaihehallandotherhallsoftheForbiddenCity.Thisphenomenon,whichlookslikeauspicious,willcausecurioustouriststostopandclockinandtakephotos.IntroductionGenerationofEnvironmentalProblemsIndustrialization
Urbanization
PopulationGrowthandEconomicDevelopmentEventhoughthegrowthrateisgraduallyslowing,theworldpopulationin2050couldbe8.9billion.EachpersoncreatesacertaindemandonEarth’sresources,andthatdemandtendstoincreasewithgreateraffluence.Introduction
TheOverviewofGlobalEnvironmentalPollutions
Discussion碳中和(carbonneutrality)碳達(dá)峰(emissionpeak)--ScheduleandroadmapforChinatoachievecarbonpeakby2030andcarbonneutralizationby2060.--In2020,thenationalenergyrelatedCO2emissionswereabout11.3billiontons(includingindustrialprocessemissions),andthecorrespondingcarbonemissionsofcoal,oilandnaturalgasaccountedfor66%,16%and6%respectively.Power,steel,cement,transportationandotherkeyemissiondepartments.科技英語的特點(上)詞匯:術(shù)語句法:長難句&名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)&非謂語動詞形式&慣用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)&省略結(jié)構(gòu)Itseemsthat…/Itisreportedthat…/Ithasbeenprovedthat…Thefactisthat…/Thetruthisthat…/Ofrecentconcernis…Thismeansthat…/Experimentshowsthat…/Practicehasprovedthat…If…/When…Ifnecessary/Ifpossible/Whenneeded/Wherefeasible/Asnotedlater/AspreviouslymentionedTranslation
Exercise(1)Environmentalengineeringistheintegrationofsciencesandengineeringprinciplestoimprovethenaturalenvironment,toprovidehealthywater,air,andlandforhumanhabitationandforotherorganisms,andtocleanuppollutionsites.(2)Furthermore,itisconcernedwithfindingplausiblesolutionsinthefieldofpublichealth,suchaswaterbornediseases,implementinglawswhichpromoteadequatesanitationinurban,ruralandrecreationalareas.(3)Inmanycases,associetiesgrew,actionsthatwereintendedtoachievebenefitsforthosesocietieshadlonger-termimpactswhichreducedotherenvironmentalqualities.Translation
Exercise(1)DDT在為農(nóng)業(yè)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)時,也為整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來了前所未有的災(zāi)難。(2)如有可能,環(huán)境工程師會不遺余力地恢復(fù)功能受損的環(huán)境,減少對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生威脅的人類活動,因為沒有人比他們更了解環(huán)境的重要性。Translation
科技英語寫作的要求1.準(zhǔn)確(accuracy)2.簡潔(brevity/conciseness)3.清楚(clarity)Writing
Writing
ExerciseSummarizethereadingmaterialwithnolessthan150words,basedontherequirementsofscientificEnglishwriting.ExpandingReading
JobProspectsofEnvironmentalEngineerDutiesPaymentReviewReadingEnvironmentalEngineeringDevelopmentTranslationWritingThankYou!ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineeringMainContents
IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws,RegulationsandSustainableDevelopment
IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineering
GlobalEnvironmentalConcern
ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering
ContentsTreaties,conventions,andprotocols
forthecauseofglobalenvironmentalprotection--RioDeclaration(1992)--TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)(1992)--KyotoProtocol(1997)--TheAntarcticTreaty(1991)GlobalEnvironmentalConcern
--Ozonelayerdepletion--
Globalwarming--
LossofbiodiversityOzonelayerdepletionEffectsofOzoneLayerDepletion
EffectsonHumanandAnimalHealthEffectsonTerrestrialPlantsEffectsonAquaticEcosystemsEffectsonBio-geo-chemicalCyclesEffectsonAirQualityOzoneDepletionCounterMeasuresInternationalcooperation,agreement(MontrealProtocol)tophaseoutozonedepletingchemicalssince1974TaximposedforozonedepletingsubstancesRecycleofCFCs
andHalonsGlobalEnvironmentalConcern
GlobalAtmosphericChangesTheMontrealProtocol(1987)—aimedatcurbingpollutionfromthereleaseofchlorofluorocarbon
refrigerants
intotheatmosphere.DepletionofStratosphericOzoneLayerGlobalEnvironmentalConcern
GlobalWarmingSourcesofGreenhouseGases
Naturallyoccurringgreenhousegasesincludewatervapor,carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,andozone.Humanactivities--carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),andsulfurhexafluoride(SF6)GlobalWarming(ClimateChange)ImplicationsRiseinglobaltemperatureRiseinsealevelFoodshortagesandhungerGlobalEnvironmentalConcern
GlobalAtmosphericChangesTheKyotoProtocol(1997)—aimedtoreduceemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.Atthemeeting,mostoftheindustrializednationsagreestoreduceemissionstobelow1990level,agoalachievedby2010.LossofBiodiversityBiodiversityreferstothevarietyoflifeonearth,anditsbiologicaldiversity--genesinthesespeciesandthedifferentecosystemsontheplanet.Humanactivityischangingbiodiversityandcausingmassiveextinctions.GlobalEnvironmentalConcern
LossofBiodiversityTherapidlygrowinghumanpopulation,togetherwithincreasingconsumption,isacceleratingtheconversionofforest,grasslands,andwetlandstoagricultureandurbandevelopment.TianjinBinhaiNewAreaLeft(1992)
Right(2012)BiomutationbecauseofFukushimanuclearpowerplantleaksLossofBiodiversityPollutionalsodegradeshabitats—particularlyaquaticandmarine
habitats—destroyingthespeciestheysupport.LossofBiodiversityHundredsofspeciesofmammals,reptiles,amphibians),fish,birds,andbutterflies,aswellasinnumerableplants,areexploitedfortheircommercialvalue.Evenwhenspeciesareprotectedbylaw,theycontinuetobehunted,killed,andmarketedillegally.
DiscussionClimatechangeChangesofoneortwodegreesintheaveragetemperatureoftheplanetcancausepotentiallydangerousshiftsinclimateandweather.DrownedPolarBear科技英語的特點(下)時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般將來時被動語態(tài):(>1/3)被動語態(tài)的翻譯保留源語被動形式,借用漢語的“被”、“為”、“由”、“受到”等詞語譯出譯成主動句譯成無主句—語氣:陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣—語篇特點:語言規(guī)范、語氣正式、陳述客觀、邏輯性強(qiáng)、高準(zhǔn)確性、信息量大、呈現(xiàn)高度專業(yè)化并大量使用公式、表格和圖表Translation
Exercise(1)Ingeneral,thefastertheclimatechange,thegreaterwillbetheriskofdamage.Themeansealevelisexpectedtorise9-88cmbytheyear2100,causingfloodingoflowlyingareasandotherdamages.(2)Theozonelayer,therefore,ishighlybeneficialtoplantandanimallifeonearthfilteringthedangerouspartofsunsradiationandallowingonlythebeneficialparttoreachearth.Anydisturbanceordepletionofthislayerwouldresultinanincreaseofharmfulradiationreachingtheearth’ssurfaceleadingtodangerousconsequences.Translation
Exercise(1)值得一提的是,在控制全球變暖的合作中,像中國這樣的發(fā)展中國家一直在盡自己最大的努力,擔(dān)負(fù)起自己的責(zé)任。(2)假如地球的平均溫度上升2℃,數(shù)以億計的人會流離失所。Translation
科技報告類的書寫--實驗報告(experiment/labreport)1文頭(heading)2簡介(introduction)3討論(discussion)4結(jié)論/建議(conclusion/recommendation)Writing
Writing
ExerciseWritealabreportwithnolessthan200words,basedontherequirementsofscientificEnglishWriting.ReviewReadingGlobalEnvironmentalConcernOzonelayerdepletionGlobalwarmingLossofbiodiversityTranslationWritingThankYou!ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineeringMainContents
IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws,RegulationsandSustainableDevelopment
AirPollutionandControl
AirPollution,SourceandCharacteristics
ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering
Primaryairpollutantsareemitteddirectlyfromsources.particulatematter(PM)sulfurdioxide(SO2)nitricoxides(NOx)hydrocarbon(HC)volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)carbonmonoxide(CO)ammonia(NH3)Secondaryairpollutantsareproducedbythechemicalreactionsoftwoormoreprimarypollutantsorbyreactionswithnormalatmosphericconstituents.groundlevelozoneformaldehydesmogacidmistAirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsAirpollutantscompriseprimaryandsecondaryairpollutants.SpraytowerofchemicalfertilizerplantParticulatematterisamixtureofsolidparticlesandliquiddropletssuspendedintheair.Particulatematterisinterchangeablewithaerosol,whichisasuspensionofsolidorliquidparticlesinagas.Itisatwo-phasesystemconsistingofparticlesandthegasinwhichtheyaresuspended.Particulatemattercanbebothprimarypollutantsandsecondarypollutantsthataresentdirectlyintotheatmosphereintheformofwindblowndustandsoil,seasaltspray,pollen,andspores.OtherexamplesofPMaresmoke,fumes,andhaze.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsParticulatematterForparticulatematterwhereparticlediametersaresmallerthanxmicrometers,itisdefinedasPMx.CommonlyusedtermsarePM10andPM2.5.Sometimes,particulatematterandaerosolisexchangeable.Monodisperseaerosols,inwhichallparticleshavethesamesize,canbeproducedinlaboratoryforuseastestaerosols.Inpractice,engineersdealwithpolydisperseaerosols(i.e.suspendedparticlesareinawiderangeofsizes),andstatisticalmeasuresshouldbeusedtocharacterizeparticlesizes.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsParticulatematterHeavysmoghitsBeijingin2015Particulatematter(PM)AirpollutantsotherthanPMpresentprimarilyasgases.Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arechemicalsthatcontaincarbonand/orhydrogenandevaporateeasily.VOCsarethemainairemissionsfromtheoilandgasindustry,aswellasindoorconsumerproductsandconstructionmaterials,suchasnewfabrics,wood,andpaints.VOCshavebeenfoundtobeamajorcontributingfactortoground-levelozone,acommonairpollutant,andaprovenpublichealthhazard.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsVolatileorganiccompoundsHydrocarbon(HC)Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)Carbonmonoxide(CO)Sulfurdioxide(SO2)andnitricoxides(NOx)aretwomajorgaseousairpollutantsgeneratedthroughcombustionprocesses.Carbonmonoxide(CO)andhydrocarbon(HC)aregeneratedfromincompletecombustionandareconvertedintoCO2throughacompletecombustionprocess.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsOthergasesSulfurdioxide(SO2)Nitricoxides(NOx)Acidmist→(H2SO4)→(HNO3)Secondaryairpollutantsarethoseformedthroughcomplexphysicaland/orchemicalreactions.Airpollutionisanevolvingsubjectandinevitable,asthedemandforenergyincreases.AirpollutionreallyflourishedwiththeIndustrialRevolutionandcontinuestogrowwiththehumanappetiteforcomfortandspeed.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsSecondaryairpollutantsSecondaryairpollutantsarethoseformedthroughcomplexphysicaland/orchemicalreactions.Airpollutionisanevolvingsubjectandinevitable,asthedemandforenergyincreases.AirpollutionreallyflourishedwiththeIndustrialRevolutionandcontinuestogrowwiththehumanappetiteforcomfortandspeed.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsSecondaryairpollutantsAtfirst,thestudyofairpollutionfocusedonrecurringepisodesofhighlevelsofairpollutioninareassurroundingindustrialfacilities,suchascoalburningpowerplantsandchemicalrefineries.Thesepollutionepisodeswereaccompaniedbyacutehumansicknessandtheexacerbationofchronicillness.Afterthemid-twentiethcentury,whenindustrializednations’economiesrecoveredrapidlyfromWorldWarII,manyurbanregionswithoutheavyindustrialfacilitiesalsobegantoexperiencehighlevelsofphotochemicalsmogandnitrogenoxides.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsHistoryofairpollutionThephotochemicalsmogincidentinLosAngeles,USA,isoneoftheworld-famouspublichazardevents,whichoccurredinLosAngeles,USAfrom1940to1960.Thetwentiethcenturymarkedthebeginningoftheunderstandingthathumanactivitywashavingdeleteriouseffectsuponthenaturalworld,includinghumanhealthandwelfare.Theseeffectsincludedincreasingpollutionofair,water,andlandbythebyproductsofindustrialactivity,andthepermanentlossofnaturalspeciesofplantsandanimalsthroughchangesinlaboratorysettings,waterusage,andhumanpredations.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsHistoryofairpollutionThetopicofindoorairquality(IAQ)hasbecomepopular,duetotheawarenessofasthmaandallergiestriggeredbyindoorairpollutantssuchasmold.IAQawarenessalsoincreasedwiththeinvolvementoftheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Theenergycrisisinthe1970sresultedintighterbuildingenvelope,sealing,andinsufficientventilation.Mostexistingheating,ventilation,andairconditioning(HVAC)systemsweredesignedfortemperaturecontrolwithoutconsiderationofairpollutantaccumulations.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsIndoorairquality(IAQ)Recentfindingshavedemonstratedthatindoorairisoftenmorepollutedthanoutdoorairinmanydevelopedcountries,therebycausingagreaterhealthconcernascurrentlifestylesdemandmoretimeindoors.Thelatertwentiethandearlytwenty-firstcenturiessawaboominnanotechnology.Nanotechnologyhasbeentestedforairqualityremediationinsuchareasasnoncatalyticcombustionandphotocatalyticoxidationofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs).AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsIndoorairquality(IAQ)Ontheotherhand,theenvironmentaleffectsofnanotechnologyarenotwellunderstood;and,concernshaverecentlybeguntoincrease.Theworldisnotreadyfornanotechnologybecause“thefutureiscomingsoonerthanitisexpected”.Theeffectofnanotechnologytoairqualityisstillwaitingforsystematicstudiestoconfirmitsenvironmentaleffects.AirPollution,Source
andCharacteristics
AirpollutantsIndoorairquality(IAQ)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)忠實
形式的忠實與內(nèi)容的忠實通順
表達(dá)要按語的語法和習(xí)慣來選詞造句,沒有文理不通、結(jié)構(gòu)混亂、邏輯不清的現(xiàn)象規(guī)范譯文必須要符合科技英語的表達(dá)規(guī)范,即專業(yè)、規(guī)范Translation
Exercise
Thelatertwentiethandearlytwenty-firstcenturiessawaboominnanotechnology.Nanotechnologyhasbeentestedforairqualityremediationinsuchareasasnoncatalyticcombustionandphotocatalyticoxidationofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs).Ontheotherhand,theenvironmentaleffectsofnanotechnologyarenotwellunderstood;and,concernshaverecentlybeguntoincrease.Theworldisnotreadyfornanotechnologybecause“thefutureiscomingsoonerthanitisexpected”.Theeffectofnanotechnologytoairqualityisstillwaitingforsystematicstudiestoconfirmitsenvironmentaleffects.Scientificevidenceisneededbeforedefinitiveconclusionscanbemade.Translation
Exercise(1)值得一提的是,在控制全球變暖的合作中,像中國這樣的發(fā)展中國家一直在盡自己最大的努力,擔(dān)負(fù)起自己的責(zé)任。(2)假如地球的平均溫度上升2℃,數(shù)以億計的人會流離失所。Translation
學(xué)術(shù)論文的撰寫(一)一、語言上的特點1.用詞規(guī)范2.表達(dá)完整、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)二、結(jié)構(gòu)上的特點有固定的格式Writing
Writing
ExerciseDrawatreediagramofthestructuralcharacteristicsofoneacademicpaperpublishedinjournalofenvironmentalprotectionfield.ReviewReadingAirPollution,SourceandCharacteristicsAirpollutantHistoryofAirpollutionTranslationWritingThankYou!ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineeringMainContents
IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws,RegulationsandSustainableDevelopment
AirPollutionandControl
AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationary
ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering
StationarysourcespowerplantssteelmillssmelterscementplantsrefineriesotherindustrialprocessesContaminantsparticulatesaerosolsvaporsgasesAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryStationarysourcesofairpollutionemission
CommonmethodsforeliminatingorreducinggaseouspollutantsDestroyingpollutantsbythermalorcatalyticcombustionChangingpollutantstolessharmfulformsthroughchemicalreactionsCollectingpollutantsusingairpollutioncontrolsystemsbeforetheyreachtheatmosphereAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAirpollutioncontroldevices
Electrostaticprecipitators(wetanddrytypes)Fabricfilters(alsocalledbaghouses)WetscrubbersCyclones(ormulticlones)AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationary
ThemostcommonlyuseddevicesforcontrollingparticulateemissionsThermaloxidizersCatalyticreactorsCarbonadsorbersAbsorptiontowersBiofiltersAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryCommoncontroldevicesforgaseousandvaporpollutantsScrubbingScrubbingisaphysicalprocesswherebyparticulates,vapors,andgasesarecontrolledbyeitherpassingagasstreamthroughaliquidsolutionorsprayingaliquidintoagasstream.Wateristhemostcommonlyusedabsorbentliquid.Asthegasstreamcontactstheliquid,theliquidabsorbsthepollutants,inmuchthesamewaythatraindropletswashawaystrongodorsonhotsummerdaysAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
WetScrubbingEquipment
GasabsorptionGasabsorptioniscommonlyusedtorecoverproductsortopurifygasstreamsthathavehighconcentrationsofwater-solublecompounds.Absorptionequipmentisdesignedtogetasmuchmixingbetweenthegasandliquidaspossible.Commontypesofgasabsorptionequipmentincludespraytowers,packedtowers,traytowers,andspraychambers.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
GasabsorptionPackedtowersarebyfarthemostcommonlyusedcontrolequipmentfortheabsorptionofgaseouspollutants.However,whenusedwithheavy,particulate-ladengas,theycanbepluggedbyparticulatematter(PM).WetcollectiondevicesusedforPMcontrolincludeventuriscrubbers,bubblingscrubbers,spraytowers,andinsomeinstances,wetelectrostaticprecipitators(ESPs).AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
PackedtowersAdsorptionTheprocessofadsorptioninvolvesthemolecularattractionofgasesorvapors[usuallyvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)]ontothesurfaceofcertainsolids(usuallycarbon,molecularsieves,and/orcatalysts).Thisattractionmaybechemicalorphysicalinnatureandispredominantlyasurfaceeffect.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
AdsorptionActivatedcarbon(charcoal),whichpossessesthelargeinternalsurfaceareaneededtoadsorblargequantitiesofgaseswithinitsstructure,isoftenusedtoremoveVOCsfromfluegases.AftertheactivatedcarbonissaturatedwithVOCs,itisoftentreated(byheatand/orsteam)tostripoffthecollectedVOCs.TheVOCsarethensentforfurthertreatment,andthecarbonisreusedintheadsorptionreactor.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
AdsorptionAdsorptionisaffectedbythetemperature,flowrate,concentration,andmolecularstructureofthegas.Adsorptioniscommonlyusedforremovinggasesfromcontaminatedsoil,oilrefineries,municipalwastewatertreatmentplants,industrialpaintshops,andsteelmills.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
AdsorptionTowerFabricFiltersorBagHousesFabricfilters,alsocommonlyreferredtoasbaghouses,areusedinmanyindustrialapplications.Theyoperateinamannersimilartoahouseholdvacuumcleaner.Dust-ladengasespassthroughfabricbagswherethedryparticulatesarecapturedonthefabricsurface.Afterenoughdusthasbuiltuponthefilters,asindicatedbyabuildupinpressureacrossthefabric,dustisperiodicallyremovedbyblowingairbackthroughthefabric,pulsingthefabricwithablastofair,orshakingthefabric.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
FabricFiltersorBagHousesBaghousesareusedtocontrolairpollutantsfromcoal-firedpowerplants,steelmills,foundries,andotherindustrialprocesses.Fabricfilerscancollectover99.9%oftheenteringparticulates,evenfinePM.Baghousesalsoaresometimesusedaspartofamultistagegascleaningsystemwheretheyareusedasareactoraswellasaparticulateremovaldevice,suchasinsemi-dryfluegasdesulphurizationsystems.Recentlysomebaghousesarebeingequippedwithcatalyticbagswheretheyalsoactasachemicalreactorwhiletheyarecollectingparticulate.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
CatalyticReactorsCatalyticreactors,referredtoasselectivecatalyticreduction(SCR)systems,areuseextensivelytocontrolNOx,emissionsarisingfromtheburningoffossilfuelsinindustrialprocesses.AmmoniaisinjectedandmixedwiththefluegasesupstreamoftheSCRreactor.IntheSCRreactor,ammoniaandNOx,reacttoformnitrogenandwater.Greaterthan90%NOx,removalispossiblewiththesesystems.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
CatalyticReactorsCatalyticreactorsalsoperformthermaldestructionfunctionslikeincinerators,butatlowertemperaturesandforselectedwastegasesonly.Theyincorporatebedsofsolidcatalyticmaterialthattheunwantedgasespassthrough,typicallyforoxidationorreductionpurposes.Catalyticreactorshavetheadvantageofloweringthethermalenergyrequirements.Destructionefficienciesof99.99%arepossiblewithsignificantlyreducedenergyandoperatingcostsascomparedtoanincinerator.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
CyclonesDust-ladengasiswhirledrapidlyinsideacollectorshapedlikeacylinder(orcyclone).Theswirlingmotioncreatescentrifugalforcesthatcausetheparticlestobethrownagainstthewallsofthecylinderanddropintoahopperbelow.Thegasleftinthemiddleofthecylinderafterthedustparticleshavebeenremovedmovesupwardandexitsthecylinder.CyclonesoperatetocollectrelativelylargesizePMfromagaseousstream,andcanoperateatelevatedtemperatures.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
CyclonesCyclonesaretypicallyusedfortheremovalofparticles50microns(μm)orlarger.Efficienciesgreaterthan90%forparticlesizesof10μmorgreaterarepossible,andefficiencyincreasesexponentiallywithparticlediameterandwithincreasedpressuredropthroughthecyclone.Cyclonesarewidelyused;theycontrolpollutantsfromcottongins,rockcrushers,andmanyotherindustrialprocessesthatcontainrelativelylargeparticulateinthegasstream.Heavydustattheinletofthecyclonecanalsoleadtopluggingofthecyclonehopper.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment
ElectrostaticPrecipitators(ESPs)ESPsarerelativelylarge,lowvelocitydustcollectiondevicesthatremoveparticlesinmuchthesamewaythatstaticele
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