讀后續(xù)寫之獨立主格概述課件-高三英語一輪復習

獨立主格結構獨立主格結構是由“名詞（或代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞（或過去分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語）”構成。在語法上是一個獨立的短語，不是句子，在意思上依附于整個句子。在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況?？芍糜诰涫?，也可放在句尾。主要用于書面語。獨立主格結構的特點：1.獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2.名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞等是主謂關系或動賓關系。3.獨立主格結構一般用逗號和主句隔開。4.獨立主格結構在很多情況下可以轉化為相應的狀語從句或其他狀語形式，但很多時候不能轉化為分詞形式，因為它內(nèi)部動詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致。1.

名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞這種構成形式，其內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動作不是整句主語發(fā)出的動作，而是其邏輯主語發(fā)出的動作。①Thegirl

staringat

him,

he

didn’tknowwhattosay.=Asthegirlstaredathim,hedidn’tknowwhattosay.姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。②Timepermitting,

we

willgoforanoutingtomorrow.=Iftimepermits,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊游。更多例句：→

Herheartstillracing,

she

reachedoverandturneduptheoillampthatrestedbesidehercanopiedbed.→

Weatherpermitting,

we

aregoingtovisityoutomorrow.→

Timegoingon,everythinghaschanged.→

Thefinalexamdrawingnear,

yourparents

willnotproperlyallowyoutolistentomusic.2.名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞該構成形式，內(nèi)部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作承受者。①Theproblemssolved,

thequality

hasbeenimproved.=Astheproblemsweresolved,thequalityhasbeenimproved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。②Herglassesbroken,

she

couldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.=Becauseherglasseswerebroken,shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。更多例句：→

Heplayed

thepianointently,

eyes

closed.→

Thesignalgiven,

thetrain

started.→

Newwordsexplained,

thetext

becameeasierforustolearn.→

Thetestfinished,

we

beganourholiday.→

Thepresidentassassinated,

thewholecountry

wasindeepsorrow.→

Theworkdone,

we

went

home.3.

名詞/主格代詞+形容詞此結構常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。①Anairaccidenthappened

totheplane,

nobodyalive.那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還。②Somanypeopleabsent,

themeeting

hadtobecalledoff.這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。更多例句：→

He

enteredtheroom,

hisnoseredwithcold.→

He

satinthefrontrow,

hismouthhalfopen.→

Conditionsbetter,

thepatient

canleavethehospital.→

SundayOK,

we’dliketogoouting.

4.

名詞/主格代詞+副詞此結構常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。①He

putonhissweater,

wrongsideout.他把毛衣穿反了。②Themeetingover,

they

allwenthome.會議一結束，他們就都回家了。更多例句：→

Dinnerover,

we

decidedtoplaybridge.→

Theplaystillon,

you

canwaitawhile.

5.

名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語該結構常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。Theboy

goestotheclassroom,

bookinhand.Theboy

goestotheclassroom,and

abookwasinhishand.那男孩手里拿著書去教室。注意：使用介詞的問題：獨立主格結構中，由名詞+介詞短語構成，若介詞是in時，一般說來，其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何附加成分，如物主代詞或冠詞，也不用復數(shù)。①Theoldman

stoodunderalargetree,

pipeinmouth.那個老人站在大樹下，口里含著煙斗。②Twomilitiamen

quicklypassedbyus,

rifleinhand.兩個民兵手里拿著步槍，迅速地從我們旁邊走過去。③Arobber

burstintotheroom,

knifeinhand.一個強盜手持鋼刀沖進了房間。〖注〗如果是其他介詞則沒有這種限定。He

cameoutofthelibrary,

alargebookunderhisarm.他從圖書館出來，腋下夾著一大本書。更多例句：→

Theboy

followedthenoblemanhere,

swordinhand.→

He

lefttheoffice,

tearsineyes.→

He

wentoff,

guninhand.6.

名詞/主格代詞+名詞①Hisfirstshotfailure,

he

firedagain.他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。②Twohundredpeople

diedintheaccident,

manyofthemchildren.兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。③Thedoctor

hastwodaughters,

oneanurse,

theotheranengineer.那位醫(yī)生有兩個女兒，一位是護士，一位是工程師。7.

名詞/主格代詞+不定式（表示將來）名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主動關系，且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。①He

isgoingtomakeamodelplane,

someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。②They

saidgood-byetoeachother,

onetogohome,

theothertogotothebookstore.他們道別后，一個回了家，一個去了書店。③He

suggestedgoingforapicnic,

Marytoprovidethefood.他建議去野餐，瑪麗來提供食物。8.Therebeing+名詞（代詞）①Therebeingnothingelsetodo,

we

wenthome.沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。②Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,

I

declarethemeetingclosed.沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。更多例句：→

Therebeingnobus,

we

hadtowalkhome.→

Therebeingnomoneyathand,

he

hadtoborrowsometobuyhiswifeapresent.

9.Itbeing+名詞（代詞）①ItbeingChristmas,

thegovernmentoffices

wereclosed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機關都休息。②Itbeingaholiday,

alltheshops

wereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。③ItbeingSunday,

thelibrary

doesn’topen.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。MybestfriendLisaandIcarefullywroteourwordswithaNo.2pencil.Wetookturnswritingdownthesentences.“DearMissHanley,”wewrote,“youlikeKathleenbetterthanyoulikeus.Thatisn'tfair.”MissHanleywasourfourth-gradeteacher.Shewasinher20s,withshort,dark,curlyhairandlivelygreyeyes.Itwasherfirst-yearteachinginourpublicschoolinthenortheastBronx.“You’reaverytalentedwriter,”MissHanleyoftentoldme.Thisexcitedme.Afewweeksintothisschoolyear,LisaandIhadco-authoredaplaybasedonourfavoritenovel,LittleWomen.Andweperformedtheplayinfrontoftheclass.Whenthecurtaincamedown,theapplausefromthestudentswaslight.ButMissHanleyclappedstrongly,saying,“Great!Great!”LisaandIignoredtheotherkids,andwerehighonherpraisefordays.Ididn’tenvyLisa’srelationshipwithMissHanley.SharingMissHanleywasabondbetweenus.InMissHanley’sclass,webehavedourselves,althoughwecouldnthelpcomparingourselveswithKathleen,whosedemeanor(風度)anddresswereperfect.Kathleenlivedinherfamily'sbighousewithabeautifulgarden.LisaandIlivedinsmallapartments.Hereyeswereashugeasthoseofmostfilmstars.Shespokesoftlyandpolitely.Herhairwaswaved,cleanandtidy.Myhairwaslooseandwild.LisaandIworeclothesthatdidn’talwaysmatch.Isometimesworemysister'shand-me-downs.KathleendidbestinherstudiesandofcourseMissHanleylikedher.ThefunnythingisthatIdidn’tlikeKathleenandneitherdidLisa.Infactwedidn’tknowwhy.LisaandIcontinuedwritingournotetoMissHanley,“YoucallonKathleenmorethanyoucallonus.Youlikeherbecausesheisagoody-goody(討好賣乖的人).That'snotfair!Justthatwearenotgoody-goodiesdoesnotmeanyoushouldlikeusless.”注意:1.

所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150詞左右；2.

續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。Myheartwaspounding(怦怦直跳)asweleftthenotebeforeclassonMissHanley'sdesk.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Atthreeo’clock,MissHanleyaskedustostayafterclassforafewminutes.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【分析】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者和她的朋友麗莎給她們老師Hanley小姐寫信，認為Hanley小姐喜歡凱瑟琳比她們多,所以覺得不公平，故而寫信控訴，但信寄出后又后悔，害怕Hanley小姐會生氣，在Hanley小姐的耐心解釋下，作者對此釋然，因為她們在Hanley小姐心里是獨一無二的，都有位置。【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“當我們把紙條放在Hanley小姐的課桌上時，我的心怦怦直跳。”可知，第一段可描寫作者寄信后的擔心和不安。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“三點鐘，漢利小姐讓我們下課后留下來“幾分鐘”。”可知，第二段可描寫漢利小姐是如何處理作者和朋友寄出的信的。2.續(xù)寫線索：擔心Hanley小姐生氣——后悔寄信——感到不安——課后留下——聽了Hanley小姐的解釋——心里釋然3.詞匯激活行為類①集中精力：concentrate/focuson②看：glance/havealook③接受：embrace/accept情緒類

①害怕：beterrifiedof/beafraidof/beworriedabout②精彩的：wonderful/brilliant【點睛】[高分句型1].Wefoldeditinthrees,sonobodyelsecouldseewhatwaswritten.

（由連接詞what引導的賓語從句作see的賓語）[高分句型2].I'lltellyouwhatIfindwonderfulaboutyou—yoursensesofhumor,yourimaginationsandyourpassionaboutlife.

（由連接詞what引導的賓語從句作tell的賓語）[高分句型3].ItwasamessagethatIimmediatelyembracedandhaveneverforgotten.（強調(diào)句的運用）MyheartwaspoundingasweleftthenotebeforeclassonMissHanley’sdesk.Wefoldeditinthrees,sonobodyelsecouldseewhatwaswritten.IwassureMissHanleywasgoingtobeveryangry.Itwasalongandhardday.I