上海中心競標(biāo)方案-SOM

上海中心SHANGHAICENTER

SOMSKIDMORE,OWINGSANDMERRILLLLP.2008?漢考克大廈

芝加哥，伊利諾伊州

JohnHancockCenterChicago,IllinoisJinMaoTowerShanghai,ChinaSearsTowerChicago,IllinoisBurjDubaiDubai,UnitedArabEmiratesWorldTradeCenterTowerNewYorkCity,NewYorkNanjingGreenlandFinancialCenterNanjing,China漢考克大廈

芝加哥，伊利諾伊州

BurjDubaiDubai,UAE結(jié)構(gòu)理念

StructuralPhilosophy“上海中心”整體的建筑形狀和立面表達(dá)是基于一個嚴(yán)格的結(jié)構(gòu)體系優(yōu)化，以確保建筑結(jié)構(gòu)效率的最大化。Theoverallarchitecturalformandthefa?adeexpressionoftheproposed“ShanghaiCenter”towerisguidedbyacarefuloptimizationofthestructuralsystem,maximizingtheefficiencyofthebuildingstructure.優(yōu)化的建筑形狀由最適合于上海常遇風(fēng)的形態(tài)所決定TheoptimalbuildingshapeisdeterminedbyconsideringformsthataremostsuitablefortheprevailingwindsinShanghai.結(jié)構(gòu)材料集中在樓層平面周邊區(qū)域，使側(cè)向剛度最大化Thestructuralmaterialsareconcentratedattheextremitiesofthefloorplantomaximizelateralstiffness.在假設(shè)荷載條件下，周邊斜撐方案是由使結(jié)構(gòu)效率最大化的數(shù)學(xué)分析決定。Theperimeterbracinglayoutismathematicallydeterminedtomaximizeefficiencyundertheexpectedloadconditions.材料放置優(yōu)化

OptimizationofPlacementofMaterials在風(fēng)荷載條件下，高層建筑的行為類似于懸挑梁Tallbuildingsactlikecantileveredbeamsunderwindload:當(dāng)材料被放置在離梁截面中心的最遠(yuǎn)處，梁抗彎最有效率。Beamsaremostefficientinbendingwhenmaterialislocatedfurthestfromthecentroidofthebeamcross-section材料放置優(yōu)化

OptimizationofPlacementofMaterials不同方案的效率：Efficienciesofvariousconfigurations:高效率

高效率

中等效率

中等效率

低效率

建筑平面優(yōu)化

OptimizationofBuildingPlan強(qiáng)勁中度輕度風(fēng)向考慮

WindDirectionalityConsideration建筑截面優(yōu)化

OptimizationofBuildingSection逐漸變小的受風(fēng)面和漩渦的協(xié)調(diào)弧線化的轉(zhuǎn)角使風(fēng)的走向流線化斜撐方案優(yōu)化

OptimizationofBracingLayouts“Michell桁架”MichellTrussMichell桁架由一系列相交成直角的曲線組成。在既定的荷載下，只要采用絕對最少量的材料就足以支撐。Michell'strussesconsistofsetsofcurvescrossingatrightangles.Thesetrussessupportagivenloadwiththeabsoluteminimumvolumeofmaterial.傳統(tǒng)桁架ConventionalTruss外圍拘限的Michell桁架BoundMichellTruss進(jìn)化結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化

EVOLUTIONARYSTRUCTURALOPTIMIZATION斜撐方案優(yōu)化

OptimizationofBracingLayouts主結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)

PrimaryStructuralSystem鋼斜肋構(gòu)架構(gòu)件STEELDIAGRIDMEMBER組合巨型柱CONCRETECOMPOSITEMEGACOLUMN混凝土核心墻CONCRETECORE高效率

“Michell桁架”MichellTruss逐漸變小的受風(fēng)面和漩渦的協(xié)調(diào)主結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)

PrimaryStructuralSystem鋼斜肋構(gòu)架構(gòu)件STEELDIAGRIDMEMBER混凝土組合巨型柱CONCRETECOMPOSITEMEGACOLUMN組合鋼橫梁或桁架COMPOSITESTEELFLOORBEAMORTRUSS混凝土核心墻CONCRETECORE

斜肋構(gòu)架弦桿DIAGRIDCHORD重力柱GRAVITYCOLUMN混凝土組合巨型柱CONCRETECOMPOSITEMEGACOLUMN重力荷載重分布

GravityLoadRedistribution轉(zhuǎn)移重力荷載到轉(zhuǎn)角處以提高效率

Movinggravityloadstothecornersimprovesefficiency重力柱GRAVITYCOLUMN高效率

低效率

基礎(chǔ)系統(tǒng)

FoundationSystem基礎(chǔ)系統(tǒng)

FoundationSystem樁布置平面圖

PILELAYOUTPLAN埋入9-2層EMBEDMENTINTO9-2LAYER設(shè)計參數(shù)-風(fēng)荷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DesignParameters–WindCriteria基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計參數(shù)風(fēng)基準(zhǔn)壓力 =0.6kN.m-2 (GB50009-2001第D.4條)建筑重要性類別 =C (GB50011-200第3.1.1條)風(fēng)粗糙度 =C (GB50009-200第7.2.1條)FUNDAMENTALDESIGNPARAMETERSWindReferencePressure =0.6kN.m-2 (GB50009-2001D.4)BuildingImportanceType =C (GB50011-2001sec3.1.1)WindRoughnessCategory =C (GB50009-2001sec7.2.1) 設(shè)計參數(shù)-抗震標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DesignParameters–SeismicCriteria地震設(shè)防烈度 =7 (DGJ08-31-2001第3.1.1,3.1.2條)場地土壤類型 =IV設(shè)計基本地震加速度 =0.1g建筑等級 =超高層場地特征周期 =0.9s (DGJ08-9-2003第3.2.2條)建筑安全類別 =II (GB50068-2001表1.0.8II)地震設(shè)計組 =1 (GB50011-2001附件A)阻尼比 =0.04抗震設(shè)計等級： (DG/TJ08-015-2004表5.4.6)鋼筋混凝土核心筒 =特1級斜肋構(gòu)架 =1巨柱 =1SeismicDesignIntensity =7degree (DGJ08-31-2001sec3.1.1&3.1.2)SiteSoilType =IVBasicSeismicDesignAcceleration =0.1g BuildingGrade =Superhighrise SiteCharacteristicPeriodTg =0.9s (DGJ08-9-2003sec3.2.2)BuildingSafetyClassification =II (GB50068-2001Table1.0.8II)SeismicDesignGroup =1 (GB50011-2001appA)DampingRatio =0.04SeismicDesignGrade: (DG/TJ08-015-2004Table5.4.6)ReinforcedConcreteCore =Special1

Diagrid =1MegaColumns =1初步分析模型

PreliminaryAnalysisModel三維有限元模型

3DFiniteElementModel初步分析結(jié)果

PreliminaryAnalysisResults振型1–平移MODE1-Translation7.6seconds振型2–平移MODE2-Translation7.6seconds振型5–彎矩MODE5-Torsion1.3seconds初步分析結(jié)果

PreliminaryAnalysisResultswater+StormWaterReclamation雨水回收Condenser/Hot/ChilledWaterSystem冷卻水/熱水/冷凍水系統(tǒng)

DomesticWaterSupply/FireProtection生活用水供水系統(tǒng)/消防水系統(tǒng)air+OutsideAirSupply新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)LivingWall&AtriumBalconyVegetation生命墻&中庭陽臺綠化Atriumvegetation,includinglivingwallandbalconyvegetation,isusedtoimprovetheindoorairqualityandmodulatemicroclimaticconditionswithinthebuilding,throughsuchmechanismasphotosynthesis,evaporativecoolingandbio-filtration.中庭綠化,包括生命墻和中庭陽臺植被，通過光和作用,蒸發(fā)冷卻和生物過濾等機(jī)理來提升建筑內(nèi)部空氣質(zhì)量和調(diào)節(jié)建筑內(nèi)部微環(huán)境.

Greenatriumalsoofferspsychologicalbenefitsbycreatingavisuallyappealingnaturalenvironment.綠色中庭通過創(chuàng)造一個視覺上優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境而提供心理上有益的調(diào)節(jié)功能.Throughthisdesignconcept,theverticalarrangedgreenatriaactlike“greenlungs“ofthewholebuilding.通過這一設(shè)計理念,垂直排列的綠色中庭擔(dān)當(dāng)起整棟建筑的“綠肺“功能.energy+EnergySaving&On-SiteGenerationCountdown能源節(jié)約及現(xiàn)場產(chǎn)能分析On-SiteEnergyGeneration現(xiàn)場發(fā)電EnergyEfficiencyMeasures能源高效性措施NATURALVENTILATIONOFENVELOPEElectricalDistribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)供電和配電系統(tǒng)ANSI/ASHRAE55definespredictedmeanvote(PMV)asathermalcomfortindexontheseven-pointthermalsensationscaleof-3~+3,representingthermalfeelingfromextremelycoldtoextremelyhot.美國暖通工程師協(xié)會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)55定義平均熱環(huán)境測定(PMV)為一熱環(huán)境綜合評價指標(biāo)。該指標(biāo)基于從-3到+3的7個等級，分別代表及冷到極熱得熱感。ThethermalcomfortzoneisabandwithPMVvaluesrangingfrom-0.5to+0.5.-0.5到+0.5的PMV區(qū)間代表熱舒適區(qū)。ThermalradiationsoftwareRadthermisusedtocalculatePMVandshowsthatthisdesignwellmai