非謂語(yǔ)之todo與ving講解

冠詞的填空。該空比較簡(jiǎn)單，一般不宜丟分。但是很多同學(xué)在填空時(shí)，容易因?yàn)楣潭ㄋ季S而丟分。比如有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為前邊如果提到某種事物，后邊再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，一定用定冠詞the，事實(shí)上并不一定。如一篇關(guān)于火災(zāi)事故的文章中有這么兩句話---hismothercalledtheambulance.Soon________ambulancecameandsenthimtohospital.許多同學(xué)填了the，事實(shí)上答案應(yīng)該為an，原因很簡(jiǎn)單，就是因?yàn)榫茸o(hù)車是不特定的，母親在電話里斷斷不會(huì)要求醫(yī)院派輛車牌號(hào)為諸如粵B88888之類的車。請(qǐng)注意，填空必須重視上下文。單純某一句話答案可能有好幾個(gè)，但上下文一定有一個(gè)最準(zhǔn)確，最能將文章連接好。1Infiveofthem,therateatwhichfisharebeingtakenoutoftheseahasdroppedtoalevelthatshouldletthepopulationsrecover.這句話的主語(yǔ)是rate，句型應(yīng)該是therate(atwhich~~~~~)hasdroppedtoalevel,“hasdroppedto”是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后面的alevel就是to的賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾level。atwhich引導(dǎo)的也是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾rate這其中的五個(gè)，魚被從海洋打撈的比率/達(dá)到要讓人們予以調(diào)整恢復(fù)的程度。19期語(yǔ)法填空2Findoutthemistakesineachfollowingsentenceandcorrectthem.Shegoingtoschooleveryday.Peopleinordertomakeprofitscutdowntrees.Igonetothehospitaltovisithim.Helayinbed,readabook.Theteachercameintotheclassroomheldabookinhishand.3Shegoestoschooleveryday.Peoplecutdowntreesinordertomakeprofits.Iwenttothehospitaltovisithim.Helayinbed,readingabook.Theteachercameintotheclassroomholdingabookinhishand.19期B2版《非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一）》（知識(shí)歸納---2.不定式的用法）4Fillintheblanks1.Itisveryhard____(finish)theworkintenminutes.2.Marxfound____important_____(study)thesituationinRussia.3.HedidnothinglastSundaybut____(repair)hisbike.4.Ihavenochoicebut_____(stay)here.5.Hewasseen_____(cross)theroad.6.Hewasthefirstperson______(land)onthemoon.7.他是最適合做這個(gè)工作的人。Heisthemostsuitablemantodothejob(或forthejob).8.Iwillattendthemeeting_______(hold)tomorrow.=Iwillattendthemeetingwhichwillbeheldtomorrow.=Iwillattendthemeetingwhichistobeheldtomorrow.59.我旅行的計(jì)劃落空了。Myplantotravelcametonaught(零)atlast.總結(jié)：不定式作定語(yǔ)可以：①表將來(lái)②修飾：序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)，thelast,theonly，thenext等詞修飾的名詞③修飾：plan.desire,wish,chance,promise,attempt,ability,right(權(quán)利)，time等名詞10.他匆忙趕到學(xué)校不料卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人也沒(méi)有。Hehurriedtoschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(only)todo不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料之外的結(jié)果。6一.不定式（1）做主語(yǔ)1.眼見為實(shí)。2.買那臺(tái)二手洗衣機(jī)不是一個(gè)明智的選擇。（2）做賓語(yǔ)3.他買不起一輛小車。4.她最終答應(yīng)借錢給我，但是想我盡快還給她。我承諾一有錢就會(huì)還她的。71.Toseeistobelieve.2.It’sanunwisechoicetopurchasethesecond-handwashingmachine.3.Hecan’taffordtobuyacar.4.Sheeventuallyagreedtolendmethemoney,butwantedmetopayherbackassoonaspossible.AndIpromisedtodothataslongasIhavemoney.8（3）做賓補(bǔ)5.-----你想我?guī)湍阕鲂┦裁茨兀?----我寧愿你離我遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。6.經(jīng)理命令他的秘書馬上來(lái)見他。7.是誰(shuí)弄哭這個(gè)嬰兒的？8.夏天經(jīng)常見到他去游泳。（被動(dòng)）（4）做定語(yǔ)9.你有沒(méi)有吃的東西，餓死我了。10.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)，最后一個(gè)走。95.----Whatwouldyoulikemetodo?----Ipreferyoutostayawayfromme.----Iwouldratheryoukeptawayfromme.6.Themanagerorderedthesecretarytoseehiminnotime.7.Whomadethebabycry?8.Heisoftenseentogoswimminginsummer.109.Haveyougot/Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?I’mstarving.10.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.11（5）做狀語(yǔ)（目的、結(jié)果或原因）11.我全力以赴學(xué)習(xí)為了取得更大的進(jìn)步。12.那個(gè)害怕的小女孩躲了起來(lái)為了不讓人家抓起來(lái)。13.他搬起石頭想不到卻砸傷了自己的腳。(onlytodo)14.她太虛弱了，照顧不了自己。15.看到他回來(lái)我們都很高興.1211.Itakegreatpainstostudysoas

tomakegreater/furtherprogress.12.Theterrified/frightenedgirlhid(away)inordernottobecaught.13.Heliftedtherockonlytohurt/injurehisfeet.14.Sheistooweaktocareforherself.15.Wearegladtoseehiscomingback.13（6）做表語(yǔ)16.他的理想是長(zhǎng)大了當(dāng)牙醫(yī)。17.我的責(zé)任是把你們教好。16.Hisideal/dream/goalistobeadentistwhenhegrowsup.17.Myjob/duty/task/responsibilityistoteachyouwell.14不定式的形式1.請(qǐng)記得幫我寄那封信。2.今晚六點(diǎn)半你們應(yīng)該在讀書。(besupposedtodo)3.聽說(shuō)他曾經(jīng)吸過(guò)毒。4.這個(gè)任務(wù)很快就要開展了。5.報(bào)道說(shuō)，最近很多人給打劫。6.他不知道下一步做什么好。7.怎么樣去解決這個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題到現(xiàn)在還是一個(gè)謎。8.當(dāng)爸爸走進(jìn)書房的時(shí)候，我假裝在認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。15不定式的形式1.Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.2.Youaresupposedtobereadingathalfpastsixthisevening.3.Heissaidtohavetakendrugs.Or:Itissaidthathehastakendrugs.4.Thetaskistobecarriedout.165.Manypeoplearereportedtohavebeenrobbed.Or:Itisreportedthatmanypeoplehavebeenrobbed.6.Hehadnoideawhattodonext.7.Howtofindasolutiontothetoughproblemisstillamystery.8.Whenmyfatherwalkedintothestudy,Ipretendedtobestudyingattentively/carefully.17動(dòng)名詞可以受到名詞所有格的修飾，例如：1.Mary的撒謊使得在場(chǎng)的人都很吃驚.Mary’stellingliesmadeallthepeoplepresentangry.2.我堅(jiān)持她和我一起去.Iinsistedonhergoingtogetherwithme.3.老板原諒了他的遲到.Thebossforgavehiscoming/beinglate.=Thebossforgavehimforhiscoming/beinglate.4.你介意我開窗嗎?Doyoumindme/myopeningthewindow?18動(dòng)名詞還有被動(dòng)式，例如：5.Hedoesn’tmindbeingleftalone.6.Shecameherewithoutbeinginvited.7.Thestrangerhelpedmeoutwithoutbeingasked.19V-ing形式20動(dòng)名詞的翻譯練習(xí)。1.上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)并非是一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的夢(mèng)想。2.你介意把收音機(jī)開小一點(diǎn)嗎？我靜不下心來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。3.我無(wú)法忍受他那樣對(duì)待他的父母。(bear)4.他的遲到令老師很生氣。5.聽到這個(gè)笑話，我們都忍俊不禁。211.上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)并非是一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的夢(mèng)想。Goingtoakeyuniversityisnotadistantdream.2.你介意把收音機(jī)開小一點(diǎn)嗎？我靜不下心來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。Doyoumindturningdowntheradio?Ican’tconcentrateonmystudy.3.我無(wú)法忍受他那樣對(duì)待他的父母。(bear)Ican’tbear/stand/toleratehistreatinghisparentslikethat.224.他的遲到令老師很生氣。Hiscominglatemadetheteacherangry.5.聽到這個(gè)笑話，我們都忍俊不禁。Onhearingtheamusingjoke,wecouldn’thelplaughing/burstingoutlaughter.236.道歉是沒(méi)有用的。(Itis…)7.跟她談那么多是沒(méi)有好處的，因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得她不可靠。8.我期待著收到你的來(lái)信。9.他有很多缺點(diǎn)，其中賭博是最嚴(yán)重的。10.我反對(duì)在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙，有害健康。246.道歉是沒(méi)有用的。(Itis…)

Itisnousemakinganapology.7.跟她談那么多是沒(méi)有好處的，因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得她不可靠。ItisnogoodtalkingsomuchwithherforIdon’tthinksheisreliable.8.我期待著收到你的來(lái)信。Ilookforwardtohearingfromyouassoonaspossible.259.他有很多缺點(diǎn)，其中賭博是最嚴(yán)重的。Hehasquiteafewshortcomings,of

whichthemostseriousisgambling.10.我反對(duì)在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙，有害健康Iobjecttosmokinginpublic,whichisgreatlyharmfultohealth.

2611.我將永遠(yuǎn)忘不了第一次被帶去動(dòng)物園的事.Iwillneverforgetbeingtakentothezooforthefirsttime.12.沒(méi)有人喜歡在公共場(chǎng)合被嘲笑.Nobodyenjoysbeingmadefunofinpublic.13.她在閱覽室里學(xué)習(xí).Sheisstudyinginthereadingroom.27現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)有時(shí)候可以等于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.1.正在書房里看書的那個(gè)人是我的父親.Themanreadinginthestudyismyfather.=Themanwhoisreadinginthestudyismyfather.2.坐在窗戶邊上的那個(gè)男孩是Tom.TheboysittingbythewindowisTom.=TheboywhoissittingbythewindowisTom.28用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞翻譯以下的文段。

我喜歡游泳。昨天做完了功課后，我弟弟建議/堅(jiān)持我們?nèi)ビ斡?，父母同意我們的?qǐng)求，但是禁止(forbid)我們?nèi)ド钏斡?，因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)冒著喪生的危險(xiǎn)的(risk)。我們高興地出發(fā)，有說(shuō)有笑。到了河邊，我們迫不及待地跳了進(jìn)去，忘記了脫衣服。在河里游了一個(gè)半小時(shí)后(spend/take)，我們就開始動(dòng)身回家。我們期望著/夢(mèng)想著將來(lái)成為一名跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員。29

Iamfondofswimming.Afterfinishingourhomeworkyesterday,myyoungerbrothersuggested/insistedongoingswimming.Myparentsallowedustogoswimmingbutforbadustoswimindeepwaterbecausewewouldrisklosingourlivesinthatcase.Thenwesetoutmerrily,talkingandlaughing.Arrivingattheriver,wecouldn’twaittojumpintotheriver,forgetting

totakeoffourclothes.Afterspending/Havingspentonehourandahalfswimming,wesetoffforhome.Webothdreamof/look

forwardtobeingadiverinthefuture.30Iaskedhimaquestionrelated

tohislecture.=Iaskedhimaquestion(whichwas)related

tohislecture.我問(wèn)了他一個(gè)與他的講演有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。relateAto/withB將（兩事物）聯(lián)系起來(lái);把A和B聯(lián)系起來(lái)berelatedto…(與...有關(guān),和...有聯(lián)系,和...有親戚關(guān)系)31過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和/或完成的動(dòng)作.

有些過(guò)去分詞不表被動(dòng)而表狀態(tài).這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見的有:

lost

(迷路);

seated

(坐);

hidden

(躲);

stationed

(駐扎);

lost

/

absorbed

in

(沉溺于);

born

(出身于);

dressed

in

(穿著);

tired

of

(厭煩).

e.g.

因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?所以他沒(méi)聽到