高考英語閱讀技巧和練習(xí)

命題點1高考閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)事實

本盡管近幾年高考英語閱讀試題中推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢，但細(xì)節(jié)題仍然占有較大比

例，而且已由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來考查同學(xué)們對

英語語言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加。

一'題型特點與命題方式

所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。

一般包括直接理解題（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,when,where,why和how

等提問。）語義轉(zhuǎn)化題（需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達

上的差異，有時需要進行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論）、數(shù)字計算題、排列順序題、圖表圖

畫題等。抓住文段中的事實和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其它類型問題的基礎(chǔ)。這

類題型的題干常為：

When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsis（not）correct?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsis（not）mentionedinthepassage?

Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?

Allthestatementsaretrueexcept...

該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。所以，搜查信息

在閱讀中非常重要，它包括理解作者在敘述某事時使用的具體事實、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等細(xì)節(jié)信息。

在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)。做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先

讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進行分析

對比，找出答案。

二、解題思路與應(yīng)試技巧

細(xì)節(jié)題是針對文中某個細(xì)節(jié)、某句話或某部分具體內(nèi)容設(shè)置問題，正確答案的根據(jù)一定

可以在原文中找到，即原文的改寫往往成為正確選項。

通常細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項有以下特征：

1、對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確

選項。

2、詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態(tài),

給考生制造障礙。

3、語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化，成為正確答案。

4、正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項（適用于尋找錯誤選項的題

目）。

干擾項也是以文章中的某個細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)題，若不仔細(xì)辨別，很容易把它當(dāng)成正確選項。干擾

項有以下特征：

1、將原文內(nèi)容擴大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換，使該選項看似正確，實際

上卻是錯誤選項。

2、把未然當(dāng)已然。改變文中某句話的時態(tài)，如把將來時變成現(xiàn)在時，把未發(fā)生的事情

當(dāng)成已發(fā)生的事情。

3、無中生有。即選項內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及。

4、偷換概念。把原來做該事的“張三”換成“李四”，所述細(xì)節(jié)確實與原文一致，一不

小心就會誤選。

5、文不對題。這類題最不容易辨別，選項中的描述與原文完全一致，確屬原文中的一

個細(xì)節(jié)，這時要回到題干，看該選項是否能回答題干所提的問題。

下面結(jié)合最新高考試題，對細(xì)節(jié)題的不同類型加以解讀。

1、直接信息題

對此類題型，考生可以首先從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查閱的

技巧在文中迅速尋找這一細(xì)節(jié)，找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，仔細(xì)比較所給選項

與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定最佳答案。

【考例】

（2009湖南卷，B篇）61.HowlongdoesittakethebatterytochargeupaniPhone?

A.15minutes.B.30minutes.C.1.5hours.D.3hours.

【解析】A。直接信息題?？焖俨檎翌}干中的關(guān)鍵詞Howlong,chargeup,iPhone,由

第一段第一句JustplugRichardSolo1800intoyouriPhoneonceortwiceaday,forfifteen

minutes,andkeepyouriPhonechargedup.可以得出答案為A。

（2009陜西卷，B篇）46.Edmondsenteredtheworldofpoliticsfirstas.

A.newssecretaryforacongressman

B.aspeechwriterforPresidentClinton

C.newssecretaryintheWhiteHouse

D.aspeechwriterforSecretaryDonnaShalala

【解析】A。直接信息題?？焖俨檎翌}干中的關(guān)鍵詞theworldofpolitics,在第三段第二

句話找到相關(guān)信息：Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman（國

會議員）fromBaltimoreDuringBillClinton'spresidency...因此答案為A。

2、間接信息題

做這類題目時，考生需要對原文信息進行加工處理，然后再進行進一步的推理或鑒別，

這是介于事實細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，對考生來說有一定難度。

【考例】

（2009山東卷,A篇）57.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheHatches?

A.TheyhadtheirchildrenduringtheGreatDepression.

B.Theyleftthefamilyfarmtoliveinanoldhouse.

C.Theygaveawaytheirpossessionstotheirneighbors.

D.Theyhelpedtheirneighborstofindjobs.

【解析】C。間接信息題。第四段第一句話說Hatch夫婦是在大蕭條時期出生的（Children

oftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.）,而不是他們在大

蕭條時期有了孩子，排除A；第三段提到他們的老房子位于他們家的農(nóng)場里，B錯誤；第二

段提到他們幫助有困難的鄰居們，但未提及幫助他們找工作，D項錯誤。C項說Hatch夫婦

把他們的錢全都贈給了他們的鄰居們，符合文意。

3、數(shù)字計算題

數(shù)字計算題也是近幾年高考中常考的內(nèi)容，此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來細(xì)節(jié)事

實，有的要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計算題可以是對年代的計算、月

份的計算或比例的計算等。文章中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。解答

此類試題的方法是先來理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算等就能夠得出正確的答

案。

【考例】

（2009福建卷，B篇）61.Theforeigndriverswhobreakthetrafficlawanddonotpayonthe

spotarelikelytobefinedupto.

A.￡60B.￡300C.￡900D.￡980

【解析】D。依據(jù)文章第一段可知，這種罰款可高達900英鎊（Foreigndriversw川have

topayon-the-spotfinesofupto￡900forbreakingthetrafficlawtobecarriedoutnext

month.）,再依據(jù)第二段Iftheydonothaveenoughcashoraworkingcreditcard,theirvehicles

willbeclamped（扣留）untiltheypay——andtheywillfaceanadditionalfeeof￡80forgetting

backtheirvehicles.可知本題選D,即當(dāng)場不能交罰款的外國司機罰款的費用是900+80=980

英鎊。

4、排列順序題

這種試題要求考生根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生的正

確順序。做這種題時可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一個事件和最后一個事件，迅速

縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。

【考例】

（2009湖北卷，D篇）64.Whichorderofstepsisfollowedincarryingouttheproject?

A.Assessment—Prototype—Design—Construction.

B.Assessment—Design—Prototype—Construction.

C.Design-Assessment—Prototype-Construction.

D.Design—Prototype—Assessment—Construction.

【解析】Do請看文章第二段：

Gernermanagesschoolfacilities（設(shè)施）forClarkCounty,Nevada,adistrictroughlythesize

ofMassachusetts.By2018,143,000additionalstudentswillenterthealreadycrowded

public-educationsystem.Gernerneeds73newschoolstohousethem.Fourarchitectureteams

havenearlyfinisheddesigningprimaryschoolprototypes（樣品）;theyplantoconstructtheir

schoolsstartingin2009.Thedistrictwillthenassesshowwelltheschoolsperform,andthree

winnerswillcopythosedesignsin50to70newbuildings.

根據(jù)第二段的描述，工程的實施應(yīng)按照“設(shè)計一提供樣品一評估一建設(shè)”的程序。其

它程序都不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建筑要求。

（2008福建卷，A篇）59.What'stherightorderoftheeventsrelatedtoTanni?

a.Sheworksasacoach.

b.Shetookupathletics.

c.ShewonfourgoldmedalsinBarcelona.

d.ShecompetedinherfirstParalympicGames.

e.SheachievedavictoryinherfirstLondonWheelchairMarathon.

A.b,d,c,e,aB.a,d,b,c,e

C.a,d,c,e,bD.b,d,a,e,c

【解析】A。排列順序題。本題要求判斷各個事件的先后順序。觀察文章的2?6段，

注意幾個表示時間的詞（組）：1984,1988,1992,inthesameyear,2007,可幫助考生迅

速找到答案。

5、圖表圖畫題

在有圖表圖畫的閱讀理解中，有的圖表圖畫出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解文章中，有的出現(xiàn)在選項中，

這些圖片的出現(xiàn)增加了試題的直觀性，同時也暗含著和文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。在解答此類試

題的時候，一定要把握圖表圖畫中所暗含的信息，特別是有些事實是通過圖片來敘述的，我

們可以采用按圖尋找正確答案的方法。

【考例】

（2009安徽卷，D篇）71.Thechartshowsthatfrom2005to2008,.

A.thepercentageoftheSpanishfamilieswithacomputerrose35points

B.thepercentageoftheWhitefamilieswithacomputerremainedunchanged

C.thenumberoftheBlackfamilieswithacomputerwasonthedecrease

D.thenumberoftheAsianfamilieswithacomputershowedthesharpestincrease

【解析】Do請看原文中的柱形圖：

U.S.FamilieswithaComputer(percentage)?

由柱形圖可以清楚地看出，擁有電腦的亞洲家庭的數(shù)量急劇增加，其他三項表述都與圖

表不符，故D項正確。

（2007江蘇卷，C篇）65.ThepackagefeedoesNOTcoverthecostof.

'J二""_____________________

A.B.、_C.1D.

&+編?懵I

【解析】Ao所給的四幅圖畫分別代表了“住宿”、“交通”、“游覽”和“餐飲根據(jù)

文章中“AllFeezsIncluded.NoHiddenCost.可知這次游覽的費用都包含在“PackageFee”里

面，沒有其它暗含的費用.但是由于這是一個總共5.7小時的游覽，下午乘飛機返回還不耽

誤吃晚飯和看日落（intimefordinnerandsunset）可知是不需要住宿的，因此“住宿"的費

用不包含在整個費用之內(nèi)。

鞏固練習(xí)：

(1)

Mostpeoplewhoenjoymoviesdonotreallycarehowtheyaremade.Theyjustwantto

enjoyagoodstory.MovieproduceranddirectorGeorgeLucaswantspeopletoseethebest

mademovies.So,hislatestmovieStarWarswasmadewithoutusingfilm.

StarWarswasmadeusingdigitalcameras.Adigitalcameradoesnotusetraditionalfilm.It

capturesimagesonvideotape.Theimagesrecordedonvideotapearetheplacedinacomputer.

GeorgeLucassaysthatusingdigitalcameraspermitshimtohavemuchmorecontrolover

thefinalproduct.Forexample,theimagecanbechangedafteritisplacedinacomputer.An

expertcanchangecolor;addortakeoutobjects,addpeopleorbeingswhoarenotreal.Muchof

whatisseeninthenewmovieStarWarsisnotreal.Hugebuildings,spacecraftandalienbeings

fromotherworldswereproducedinacomputer.

Movieexpertssaydigitaltechnologyistherealfutureofthemotionpictureindustry.A

theaterwillnolongerhavetowaitdaysorweekstoshowanewmovie.Theaterswillbeableto

receivecopiesofnewmoviesbylinkingcomputers.Ortheywillusesmallcomputerdiskstogeta

copyofthemovie.

WhenthenewmovieStarWarswasreleasedlastmonth,only94theatersaroundtheworld

hadthedigitalequipmentneededtoshowit.SoMr.Lucas'companyproducedabout6,000

copiesofthenewdigitalmovieontraditionalfilmforreleaseinmosttheaters.However,most

peoplewhohaveseenthemoviesaythesefilmcopiesareofmuchbetterqualitythanother

filmedmovies.

Criticssaythenewdigitaltechnologyisverycostly.Manytheaterownerswillnotbuythe

newtechnology,yetmanyofthepeoplewhoworkedonthenewmovieStarWarssaytheywould

notliketoworkwithfilmagain.Theysaidusingdigitalequipmentwasfaster,andvideotapeis

muchlesscostlythanfilm.Onecameramansaidthedirectorofamoviecanimmediatelysee

whatwasjustrecorded,somethingimpossibletodowithfilm.

1.AccordingtoGeorgeLucas,whatmakesthebestmademoviespossible?

A.Agoodstory.B.Film.C.Digitalcameras.D.Videotape.

2.WhichisNOTtruefortherealfutureofthemotionpictureindustry,accordingtomovie

experts?

A.Linkingcomputersforcopiesofnewmovies.

B.Showingfilmedmoviesintheaters.

C.Usingsmallcomputerdiskstogetacopyofthemovie.

D.Havingthedigitalequipmentneededtoshowthemovie.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichistrueaboutthenewmovieStarWars?

A.Thereareabout6,000copiesofthenewdigitalmovie.

B.Ithasbeenshowninonly94theatersaroundtheworld.

C.Itisthebestamongfilmedmovies.

D.Itistheproductofthenewdigitaltechnology.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantagesofthenewdigitalmovie?

A.Thedirectorcanhavetheobjectsandpeopleaddedortakenout.

B.Itwillbemoreconvenientfortheaterstogetsuchkindofnewmovies.

C.Peopleallagreethatthenewdigitalmoviesarelesscostlythanthefilmedmovies.

D.Thedirectorcanmonitortherecordingandcheckwhatwasrecordedjustnow.

（2）

AstheUSwakesuptoChina'srisingstatusasaneconomicandstrategiccompetitor,

USparentsareurgingtheirchildrentolearnChinese,reportsJulianBorger.

TheUSisbeingsweptbyarushtolearnMandarin—fromwealthyNewYorkmothers

hiringChinesenannies（保女母）fortheirsmallchildrentoadefencedepartmenteducation

projectinOregon.

TheforcesdrivingMandarin'smomentum（勢頭）areparentalambitionforchildren

facingafutureinwhichChinaisalmostcertaintobeamajorplayer;andthegovernmentis

worriedaboutthatAmericamaygetleftbehindinthatnewworld.

Thebottleneckisthesupplyofteachers.Mandarininstructorsaredifficulttoimport

anddifficulttotrain.TherearevisaproblemsinbringingoverteachersfromChinabutthe

biggestbarrieriscultural.TeachinginAsiaisgenerallydonebyroteandthechangeto

western,interactivestylesofinstructioncanbealargeleap.

Ontheotherhand,itrequiresenormousfirmnessforwesternerstolearnalanguage

likeChinese,withitsthousandsofwrittencharacters.AccordingtotheAsiaSocietyinNew

York,allofAmerica'steacher-traininginstitutionsturnoutonlyacoupleofdozen

homegrownMandarinteachers.

OnewaytoeasetheshortageistofindnativeMandarinspeakersandusefast-track

methodstotrainthem.However,themajorityofChinese-Americansgrewupspeaking

Cantonese,thedialectspokeninHongKong,wheretheirparentscamefrom.Manyare

themselvessigningonasMandarinstudentsattheprivatelanguageschoolsspringingupon

thewestcoast.

1.WhyareUSparentssoeagertomaketheirchildrenlearnMandarin?

A.Theyareurgedbythegovernmenttodoso.

B.Theyareafraidtobeleftbehindbyotherparents.

C.TheybelieveChinawillplayamajorroleinthefutureworld.

D.TheyarejustcarriedawaybyMandarin'smomentum.

2.Theunderlinedword"rote"inthe4thparagraphprobablyreferstoateachingpattern

which.

A.focusesonmemorywork

B.allowsthestudentstothinkindependently

C.iscenteredoninteractiveskills

D.putsmuchemphasisonexaminations

3.WhatisthemainproblemintheMandarin'smomentumintheUS?

A.Thelackofqualifiedteachers.

B.Theculturalbarrierbetweentheeastandwest.

C.TheAmencans'lackoffirmness.

D.ThemanywrittenChinesecharacters.

(3)

TheNewYorker

1Year,46Issues

CoverPrice:$194.70

YourPrice:$46.00

AboutTheNewYorker:

TheNewYorkeristheeclecticmagazineforreadersinterestedinthearts,currentevents,

andculture.TheNewYorkerincludesarticlesondomesticandinternationalnews,exploring

currentideasandtrends,plussports,fashion,andentertainmentevents.Inaddition,TheNew

Yorkeriswellknownforpublishingoutstandingshortfictionandcartoonswithanironictwist.

Playboy

1Year,12Issues

CoverPrice:$72.88

YourPrice:$15.96

AboutPlayboy:

Playboyisamagazineofliterature,politicalthought,sports,commentaryandhumor.

AlthoughPlayboyismostwellknownforitspictorialsofbeautifulwomen,itisalsohighly

regardedforitsinterviewsandfictionwriting.Playboyincludesregularfeaturearticlesonfinance,

sports,entertainment,self-improvement,technology,andpsychology.Youmustbe18orolderto

orderPlayboy.

Nickelodeon

1Year,10Issues

CoverPrice:$39.90

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AboutNickelodeon:

Nickelodeonisfilledwithwonderfulentertainmentforchildren.Itiswholesome,imaginative,

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Lucky

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CoverPrice:$35.40

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AboutLucky:

Luckyistheultimateshoppingmagazinewiththebestlooks,thebestbuys,andthebest

trendsbeforetheyhitthestores.Butwhatmakesreallyuniqueisallthedetailedinformation

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yourone-stopshoppingguidetoallthegreatestnewproductsonthemarket.What'smore,it

provideswonderfulentertainmentforwomen.

1.Whichmagazinegivesbuyersthelargestpriceadvantageinpercentage?

A.TheNewYorkerB.PlayboyC.NickelodeonD.Lucky

2.Ifyouareahousewife,whichmagazinewillyouprobablybuy?

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A.TheNewYorkerB.PlayboyC.NickelodeonD.Lucky

4.Whatinformationiscontainedinallthefourmagazines?

A.SportsB.NewsC.EntertainmentD.Trends

5.Foreachissue,whichmagazineisthecheapestaccordingtotheadvertisement?

A.TheNewYorkerB.PlayboyC.NickelodeonD.Lucky

（4）

Happinesspaysoff,studiesshow.

Psychologistsseekingtherealsecretsofhappinessreportthatveryhappypeopletendtobe

moreextrovertedandagreeablethanlesshappypeople.

"Ourfindingssuggestthatveryhappypeoplehaverichandsatisfyingsocialrelationships

andspendlittletimealonerelativetoaveragepeople/writepsychologistsEdDienerandMartin

E.P.SeligmaninthejournalPsychologicalScience.

Solidsocialrelationshipsdonotpromisehappiness,buttheyareanimportant

contributingfactor.Theveryhappypeoplewhomtheauthorsstudiedal1saidthey

hadgoodqualitysocialrelationships.However,theauthorswrite,thereisnosingle

keytohighhappiness.''Highhappinessseemstobelikebeautifulsymphonic（交

響樂）music—includingmanyinstruments,withoutanyonebeingenoughforthe

beautifulquality.z,

Dienerregardshappinessas''subjective（主觀的）well-being^-inotherwords,

thepersonevaluates（評估）hisorherownqualityoflife.Thequestiontoaskis,

''Ismylifegoingwell,accordingtothestandardsIchoosetouse?,zIftheanswer

is、'yes〃，thenthatpersonisjudgedtobehappy.

Becausepeopleevaluatetheirlivesbasedonhappiness,''subjectivewell-beingis

veryimportant.Thoughnecessary,itisnotenoughforhavingagoodlife.Subjective

well-being''seemsquitenecessaryforthegoodsociety,althoughitisnotenough

forthatsocietybecausethereareotherthingswealsovalueandwouldwantinsuch

aplace,saysDiener.

Cansubjectivewell-beingbemeasuredscientifically?Dienerpointsout.three

partscontributingtohappiness:pleasantemotionsandmoods,lackofnegative

emotionsandmoods,andsatisfactionjudgment,towhichotherfactors—including

cheerfulnessandfeelingsoffulfillment—maybeadded.

Thereisnomagicformula（公式）forhappiness.Dienersuggestsstepsyoucantake

toensureyouareashappyasyoucanbe.Surroundingyourselfwithgoodfriends

andfamily—peoplewhocareaboutyouandwhomyoucareabout—isastart.Joining

inactivitiesyouenjoyandvalueisalsoimportant;whetherit，sworkorplay,

keepingbusyinanenvironmentenjoyabletoyouwillcontributemuchtoyour

subjectivewel1-being.Inaddition,ahealthyoutlookisnecessary.

1.Theunderlinedword''extroverted“probablymeans.

A.pleasantandsocialB.hard-workingandactive

C.carefulandshyD.warm-heartedandhelpful

2.Happinessandsymphonicmusicarecommoninthat.

A.theyarebothsomethingbeautiful

B.theybothmakepeoplefeelpleased

C.theybothdependonmorethanonefactor

D.theyarebothhardtoachieve

3.AccordingtoDiener,apersoncanbejudgedtobehappywhenhe.

A.hasrichsocialrelationships

B.spendsmoretimewithotherpeople

C.livesaqualitylife

D.thinkshislifeisgoingwellaccordingtothestandardshechoosestouse

4.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtocomponentscontributingtohappiness?

A.Pleasantmoods.B.Negativeemotions.

C.Satisfactionjudgment.D.Feelingsoffulfillment.

（5）

Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneeda

referee（裁判）andrarelytroubletokeepscores.Theydon'tcaremuchabout

whowinsor*loses,anditdoesn'tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.

Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirpersonalabilities

cannotbedirectlycompared.Theyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstages,in

whicheachstage,thechoosingofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthe

determiningofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitself.

Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren'sgamesexciting,andtheyoftenfeel

puzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegamesagainandagain.However,it

isfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagood

playerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfind

himselfbeingausefulpartnertosome-oneofwhomheisordinarilyafraid.He

becomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.Hecanbeconfident,too,inpar-

ticulargamesthatitishisplacetogiveorders,topretendtobedead,ortokiss

some-onehehascaught.

Itappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituation

undertheircontrokEveryoneknowstherules,andmoreimportantly,everyone

playsaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesure

thateverychildhasachancetowin.

1.Whatistrueaboutchildrenwhentheyplaygames?

A.Theycanstopplayinganytimetheylike.

B.Theycantesttheirpersonalabilities.

C.Theywanttopickabetterteam.

D.Theydon*tneedrules.

2.Tobecomealeaderinagame,thechildhasto.

A.playwell

B.waitforhisturn

C.beconfidentinhimself

D.bepopularamonghisplaymates

3.Whatdoweknowaboutgrown-ups?

A.Theyarenotinterestedingames.

B.Theyfindchildren'sgamestooeasy.

C.Theydon'tneedareasontoplaygames.

D.Theydon'tunderstandchildren'sgames.

4.Whydoesachildlikeplayinggames?

A.Becausehecanbesomeoneotherthanhimself.

B.Becausehecanbecomepopularamongfriends.

C.Becausehefindsheisalwaysluckyingames.

D.Becausehelikestheplacewhereheplaysagame.

5.Thewriterbelievesthat.

A.childrenshouldmakebetterrulesfortheirgames

B.childrenshouldinvitegrown-upstoplaywiththem

C.children'sgamescandothemalotofgood

D.childrenplaygameswithoutreasons

（6）

TiredotWorkingYourCountry!

Withover500instructorsand20yearsofexperience,wearetheleaderin

thefieldofteachingforeignlanguages.WenowhavepositionsopeninOsaka

startingSeptember/OctoberinstructorsofEnglish,German,Spanishand

French.

Teachmanydifferentkindsofclassesusingthelatesttechnologyinsmall

classesofupto3students.

Accommodation（住宿）,andothernecessarydocuments（文件）willbe

readybeforeyouleave.

Applicantswillteachtheirfirstlanguageonly.

Excellentteachertrainingprograms.

Ifyouareyoungwithauniversitydegreeandarewillingtoexperience

differentcultures,apply(申請)now.Experienceinteachingisanadvantagebut

notspeciallyrequired.KnowledgeoftheJapaneselanguageisnotnecessary

butgoodEnglishskillsandpracticalcomputerknowledgearebasic

requirements.

ApplywithC.V.andsendlettersto..

NOVAFrance,Mr.Sampy(IHT3/2)

34,BE).Haussmann,75009Paris,France

Fax.33148visitourwebsite:www,teachjp,com

ThemanagerexpectstomeetandtalkwithsuccessfulapplicantsinParisin

JuneandJuly.

1.What15thepurposeofthetext?

A.TointroducealanguageschoolinJapan.

B.TohirelanguageteacherstoworkinJapan

C.TodescribeworkingconditionsinJapan.

D.TomakecleartherequirementsforJapaneseteachers

2.WeknowfromthetextthatthosewhoaregoingtoJapanwill.

A.teachEnglishonlyinOsaka

B.receiveadegreefromauniversity

C.havefreeaccommodation

D.gettrainedforthejob

3.BeforegoingtoJapan,youneed.

A.toseethemanagerofNOVAFrance

B.totakesomecomputercourses

C.towritealettertoJapan

D.tofindaplacetolive

4.IfyouwanttoworkinJapanyoushould.

A.havesomeworkingexperience

B.knowhowtousecomputers

C.presentgoodteachingplans

D.speakseverallanguagesPassage

命題點2高考閱讀理解主旨大意

在高考閱讀理解中，主旨大意題的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所讀材料的主旨和大

意也是《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和《考試說明》對考生的基本要求之一。只有通過閱讀掌握了文章

的主題，才能正確理解文章，進而根據(jù)文章的事實細(xì)節(jié)推測作者的態(tài)度和觀點。

主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確

把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。這類題目

考查的范圍是：基本論點、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上

能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對文章進行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于

高層次題。

一、題型特點與命題方式

【設(shè)題類型】

1、概括文章大意；

2、選出最佳題目(標(biāo)題)；

3、概括人物特點。

【設(shè)問形式】

1、標(biāo)題類常見的標(biāo)題型題干：

1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe.

2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled.

3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?

2、大意類常見的主題型題干：

1)Thispassagechieflydealswith.

2)What'sthetopicofthearticle?

3)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

4)Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?

【命題趨勢】

考查考生對文章的主題、標(biāo)題、中心思想的理解程度及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。

常見題型為最佳標(biāo)題(title)或中心思想(mainidea)等。主題思想是文章的核心，能否抓

住文章的主題思想，是考生閱讀能力最主要的體現(xiàn)。高考中閱讀理解的測試，自然也以此作

為檢驗考生閱讀理解能力最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。要準(zhǔn)確地抓住文章的主題思想，就要十分留意文章

的開頭和結(jié)尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，從上下文連貫的意思來理解全文，看作者主

要談的是什么，透過文字?jǐn)⑹龅倪^程來歸納主題，再從選擇項中找出最符合表達主題思想的

選項。有些干擾項，從局部看也許不算錯，但從全局看卻又片面。這類干擾項與正確答案之

差，其實是局部與全局之差。考生在做題時不要為局部現(xiàn)象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整體思想。

二、解題思路與應(yīng)試技巧

做這類題時常用略讀法。快速閱讀文章找出各個段落的主題句。把各個段落的主題句聯(lián)

系起來著眼于全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的標(biāo)題是中心

思想最精煉的表達形式，選擇的標(biāo)題意義范圍要能涵蓋全文，不能太大也不能太小。命題者

在出這類題時，常常利用生活常識編造干擾項，把文中的細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主旨，利用局部信息編造干

擾項，編制超出文章范圍的標(biāo)題或不能涵蓋文章中心意義的標(biāo)題來考查考生的理解程度，考

生要特別留意。

下面結(jié)合高考試題，談?wù)剺?biāo)題類和大意類主旨大意題的解題技巧。

1、標(biāo)題類

標(biāo)題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達形式。在閱讀中不僅要求考生能夠通過自己已知的信

息概括出段落的中心思想，而且還要對概括出的中心思想加以提煉，擬定出段落的標(biāo)題。在

測試中能夠迅速而準(zhǔn)確地選擇標(biāo)題。

文章標(biāo)題可以是單詞，短語，也可以是句子。標(biāo)題可幫助讀者迅速推測出整篇文章的主

要內(nèi)容，抓住文章討論的中心，把握作者的觀點和意圖。它的特點是：短小精悍，多為一短

語；涵蓋性強，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太小；精

確性強，不能隨意改變語言表意的程度及色彩。

【考例】

（2009全國卷\,A篇）59.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AMother'sLoveB.ABraveAct

C.ADeadlyRiverD.AMatterofLifeandDeath

【解析】Ao整篇文章敘述的是小牛掉到河里，母牛采取一切措施來進行保護小牛，

體現(xiàn)了濃濃的母愛。