Unit 1 People of Achievement（A卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）-2021-2022學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)同步單元AB卷（人教版）學(xué)生用

PAGE1Unit1PeopleofAchievementA卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)考試時(shí)間：90分鐘滿(mǎn)分：120分題號(hào)一二三四五六七總分評(píng)分

一、單詞拼寫(xiě)（15分）1.根據(jù)句意及首字母寫(xiě)出正確的單詞。TheChineseathletesstayedcalmandconfidentatthec______________moments.Thesescientistsareworkingagainsttimewithano_______________offightingthevirus.YuanLongpinge_______________hundredsoftimesbeforethehybridricecameout.Thetwogroupsholdd______________opinionsbutsharethesamegoal.Amancanbedestroyedbutcannotbed_______________.Theoldladyi_____________onwalkinghomealoneonthecoldnight.MrsCuriedevotedallherlifetothes________________research.ManyChinesesoldiersc_____________themselvestothefreedomofthepeoplebeforethefoundationofthenation.Afterthediscussionwecandrawthec_____________anewequipmentisnecessaryforthecommunity.Hisideaisa______________impracticalafterbeingputintouse.二、閱讀理解（30分）2.FamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,"Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation"ButXuYuanchong,awell-knownChinesetranslator,hastriedtoconveythebeautyofancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.HisteacherQianZhongshucommentedonhispoetrytranslation,"Youaredancingwhilechainedbyrhyme(押韻)andrhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteimpressive."Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatedworksinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingmillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinneroftheAuroraBorealisPrizeforOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.Xuisknowntobeveryfastidious(一絲不茍的)inhiswork.Forhim,Englishisa"scientific"languagethatneedsexactnesswhileChineseisan"artistic"languagethatincludesawiderrangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.ThroughXu'stranslations,time-honoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesandtheworld.Forexample,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginahealthcareprojectduringhispresidency,somesenatorsdisagreedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnowtranslatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman'sindependentthinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama.Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the100-year-oldmaintainsaroutine(常規(guī)).Everydayhetranslatesabout1,000words,workingtill3to4am,sleepingabout3hoursandgettingupat6amtocontinue."Translationisameansofcommunicatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflickerofagoodwordoragoodlinethrillseveryporeandeveryinchofmyskin,"XutoldNewsChina.（1）WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutXuYuanchong?A.HehasmasteredatleastthreeforeignlanguagesB.HeisthefirstwinneroftheAuroraBorealisPrizeC.HeiswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedversesD.Hehastranslatedabout100ChineseworksintoEnglish（2）TheexampleinParagraph4isto__________.A.illustrateXu'stranslationskillsB.recommendXu'stranslationworksC.stressthecharmofChinesepoetryD.provethewisdomoftheancientChinese（3）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeXu?A.ThoughtfulandmodestB.GenerousandproductiveC.Creativeandopen-mindedD.Devotedandhard-working3.Thethird-generationhybridrice(雜交水稻)whichwasdevelopedbyYuanLongping,the"fatherofhybridrice",andhisteamranitsfirstpublicyield(產(chǎn)量)monitoringfromMondaytoTuesdayandachievedhighoutput.Thefinalyieldofthetestedvariety,G3-1S/P19,cameto1046.3kgpermu(about667squaremeters),basedontwopiecesoflandinQingzhuVillageunderthecityofHengyangincentralChina'sHunanProvince."Someprevioushigh-yieldinghybridricevarietiesinChinatook160toeven180daysfromsowing(播種)toharvesting,whilethefigurewasshortenedtoaround125daysforthenewvariety.Thisisoneofthemostimportantfeatures(特征)ofthethird-generationhybridricethatcanreducetheuseofpesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑)andfertilizers(化肥),thusreducingcostandimprovingproductionefficiency."saidQianQian,thedeputydirectoroftheChinaNationalRiceResearchInstitute.Unliketheprevioustwogenerationsthatrequiredalargeamountofwaterandfertilizersaswellasdemandinggrowingconditionsandtechnologicalsupport,thethird-generationhybridriceiseasiertobecultivated(種植)byordinaryfarmers.Sothesoil,altitudeandclimateofthetestsitewerenot"idealconditions"carefullyselectedbeforehandbutwereclosetothepaddies(稻田)ofordinaryfarmers.Nowadays.China'saverageyieldofriceisabout500kgpermu.Ordinaryfarmerscanproduce600kgto700kgofricepermubygrowingsomeexcellentsecond-generationhybridricevarieties.However,underthesameplantingconditionsandenvironment,theyieldofthethird-generationhybridricecouldreach800kgpermu.Chinanowfeedsaround20percentoftheworld'spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld'sarable(可耕種的)land.Atpresent,Yuan'steamhasninethird-generationhybridricecombinationsundertrial,whichareexpectedtoachievecommercialseedproductioninthefollowingthreetofouryearsandhopetoapplythetechnologyintotheresearchofsearice.Thethird-generationhybridricehasthecomprehensivestrengthtopromoteagreenerandmoresustainabledevelopmentofChina'sriceproductionwithhigherqualityandyield.（1）WhatfeatureofthenewhybridricedoesQianQianmainlytalkabout?A.Itsavesalotmorewater.B.Itachievesahigheryield.C.Itsavesmuchmorefarmland.D.Ithasashortergrowingperiod.（2）Whyisthenewhybridricenottestedinidealareas?A.Theordinaryfarmersmasterplantingtechnology.B.Theresearcherswanttoreducetheexperimentcost.C.Thegrowingconditionsthenewhybridriceneedsaresimple.D.Thepreviousricefarmingprovidesresearcherswithexperience.（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thehighoutputofthethird-generationhybridrice.B.Thefutureofthenewhybridricevariety.C.Theadvancedtechnologyoftheresearchonhybridrice.D.Thedifferencesbetweenthethreehybridricevarieties.（4）Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook.B.Anewsreport.C.Anadvertisement.D.Afashionmagazine.4.

NelsonMandelaisrespectedandadmiredaroundtheworld.AndtoSouthAfricansheisasuperstar.Heisaherowhoshockedtheworldbyfightingforpeacebetweenraces,despitethe27yearshespentintheprisonoftheSouthAfrica'swhite,racistregime(種族主義政權(quán)).

Mandelawhowonthenation'sfirstall-raceelectionsafterthefallofapartheid(種族隔離)in1994,retiredin1999.Butheremainsaspopularasever.Hispopularityhasinspiredanentirenationalindustry.Hisportrait(肖像)hasappearedatmanyplaces,includingonsomegoods.HisfacehasappearedonaSouthAfricancoin,andsomebusinessleadershopetobuildastatueinhislikeness—theStatueofFreedom.ItwouldstandtallerthanNewYork'sStatueofLiberty.

“HispopularityissimilartothatofJohnF.KennedywithUSorWinstonChurchillinBritain,butfewpoliticiansinhistimeshaveachievedhislevelofadmiration,”saidTomLodge,headofthepoliticalsciencedepartmentoftheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand,“WhataskilledperformerMandelahasbeenthroughouthispoliticalcareer!He'savery,verycleverman.”

However,heisfarfromperfect.Mostarticlesforhisbirthday,whichappearedineverymajorSouthAfricannewspaperontheday,brieflymentionedthatMandeladidhavehisshortcomings.

Thentheyreturnedtotheirflowingpraises.“Throughtheages,thehumanracehashaditsicons(偶像)—menandwomenwhoroseaboveordinarypeopletoinspiretheirgenerations,”TheMailandGuardianWeeklysaid.“Inourgeneration,thegodspresentedusNelsonMandela.”（1）MandelaisaherotoSouthAfricansbecause______.A.he'saspopularasKennedyandChurchillB.hespent27yearsinprisonC.he'sagreatfighteragainsttheracialismD.he'sthefirstall-raceelectionspresident（2）WhatcanwelearnaboutMandela?A.Heisnotsopopularasbefore.B.Hisportraithasappearedonsomegoods.C.Heisthegreatestpoliticianinhistory.D.Hedidnotrealizehisownshortcomings.（3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.A.MandelawasasgreatasagodB.weareproudtoliveinMandela'stimesC.MandelaoftengavepresentstoothersD.weareproudtoknowMandela（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthearticle?A.TheStatueofFreedominSouthAfricaB.SouthAfrica'swhite,racistregimeC.Mandela,theherotoSouthAfricansD.Mandela,KennedyandChurchill5.La-PierrehadflownfromBostontoChicago,sleepinginO'HareAirporttosavemoney.EarlyonthemorningofOctober13,heboardedthecity'sBlueLinetoheadfortheChicagoMarathon.Thetrainwasfullofenergizedmarathoners.La-Pierretookaseatnexttoafellowrunnerandbeganchatting.Beforelong,La-Pierrenoticedamanwhoseemedtobehomelessmovingfrompassengertopassenger,askingforsparechange.HisbehaviorstruckLa-Pierreas"reallyweird",especiallythewayhestareddownanyonehefelthadn'tgivenhimenough.AttheCumberlandstation,severalstopsbeforetheoneforthemarathon,mostofthepassengerssuddenlyfledthecar.La-Pierreshocked,rushedouttoseewhatwasgoingon,onlytohearpanickedpeopleshoutingthatthemanaskingformoneywas,infact,anarmedandrobbingguy.Justthen,thearmedmanhimselfexitedthetraincarandhoppedontothenextone.La-Pierrefollowedhim."Icouldnotwalkawayknowingtherewereinnocentchildrenandpeoplejusttryingtogettoarace."hesaid.ThemanwasstandinginthemiddleofthecarwhenheturnedandsawLa-Pierre.La-Pierrecrashedintotheyoungerman,pinninghimagainstthecloseddoors.Thetwomenfoughtforthegunandtheirlives."Youdon'tmove!"La-Pierreshouted,leaningintothearmedmanwithhisleftside.Themantriedshovingpasthim,butLa-Pierremuscledhimbackagainstthedoor,grabbingthegunandhandingittoapassenger,whoquicklywalkeditoffthetrain.ButLa-Pierrewasn'tintheclear.Themanhadaccomplices(同伙)whonowsurroundedLa-Pierreandbegantothreatenhim.Heknewhehadonlyonechancetosavehimself,soLa-Pierregrowled(怒吼),"I'maboxer.I'llbreakyourheadinonepunch!"Thenthepoliceswarmed(聚集)aroundthetrain,andLa-Pierreletthemtakeover.Hehadamarathontorun.ThiswasnotthefirsttimeLa-Pierrehasjumpedintothefray(打斗).La-Pierreknewtherewasmoretowhyhe'sbecomeaserialgoodguythanthat."I'velivedahardlife",hesaid"ButIbelievechangestartswithinyourself.Forthelast25years,I'vetriedtomakemyselfintoagoodman."（1）WhatimpressedLa-Pierremostafterboardingthetrain?A.Thepassengers'generosity.B.Thebeggar'sstrangebehaviour.C.Themarathoners'enthusiasm.D.Thefellowrunner'sinformation.（2）WhydidLa-Pierrefollowthearmedman?A.Hewantedtoprotecttheinnocentpeople.B.Hemeanttofollowintheguy'sfootsteps.C.Hefelthehadgreaterpowerthantheman.D.Hedecidedtograbthegunfromtheman.（3）HowdidLa-Pierresavehimselffromthedanger?A.Hebeatoffthebadguysbyboxing.B.Thepolicemenarrivedthereintime.C.Somepassengerscametohisrescue.D.Hescaredthebadguysintogivingin.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.La-Pierremusthavebeenaverysuccessfulboxer.B.La-Pierremightbelivingawell-offandhappylife.C.La-PierremightwellmisstheChicagoMarathon.D.La-Pierremusthavedoneheroicdeedsmanytimes.三、任務(wù)型閱讀（10分）6.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Themostsuccessfulpeopleallhavecertainhabitsintheirdailyroutines.________Forminganewgoodhabitcanbeastruggle,butitiswellworththeeffort.Herearethefourstepsyoucanfollowtoformgoodhabits.

Setyourgoal.

Beforeyoucanbegintoworkonyournewhabit,itisworthwhiletoconsideryourgoal.________Makesurethatyourgoalisspecific,measurableandrealistictoincreaseyourchancesofsuccess.

________

Havinggoodhabitsthatareinlinewiththegoalscanimproveyourchancesofachievingyourgoals.Afteryouhavesetyourgoalandworkedoutallofthespecifics(細(xì)節(jié))ofachievingthatgoal,findahabitthatispartofachievingthatgoal.Considerwhatgoodhabitwouldhelpyouachievethatgoal.

Consideryourmotivation.

Onceyouhaveidentifiedyourgoalandthenewhabityouneedtoachievethisgoal,takesometimetoconsideryourmotivation.________Goodmotivationcanbethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureintermsofforminganewhabit.Sotakeyourtimetoconsideryourmotivation.

Giveyourselftime.

Forminganewhabitcantakealongtime.Somepeoplecanformanewhabitinaslittleasafewweeks,whileotherpeoplewilltakeseveralmonths.Asyouworktoformyournewhabit,justkeepinmindthatitmaybeawhilebeforeitcomestrue.________A.Identifywaystoachievegoals.B.Findthehabityouwanttoform.C.Goodhabitsaresuretomakeyouasuccess.D.Thesehabitshelpcontributetotheirsuccess.E.Figureoutexactlywhatyouhopetoachieve.F.Trytobepatientwithyourselfasyouformyournewhabit.G.Yourmotivationisthereasonyouwanttoformthisnewhabit.四、完形填空（20分）7.Mr.Bardisthemanagerathisfamily'sshoecompany.Hereally1competenceinhisworkers.Healwaystellsthe2andhard-workingemployeesthatheis3ofthem.ButMr.Barddoesnotonlyshowhisappreciationthroughwords.Themostcompetentworkersarealsopaid4

.Mr.Bardthinkswhenan5

worksharderandproduceshigherqualityshoes,thecompanyearnsmoremoney.6

,theemployeeshouldalsoearnmore.Butmanyofthelesscompetentworkers7

.“Weareequal,”theyprotest（抗議）.“Wedothesamejob,soweshouldgetthe8pay!”Heisakindman,butheisalso9.Ifhekeepshiringthelesscompetentworkers,thewholecompanywill10,andperhapsallemployeeswilllosetheirjobs.Itwillalsobebadforhisfamilyandforthecompanyis11

.To12

thesituation,Mr.Bardcreateseveningworkshops（工作坊）tohelp13theemployeeswhoarenotworkingatcompany14.Theywatchthemostcompetentworkers,whoreceiveaspecialbonusfor15theirco-workers,andmakelotsofnotes.Theyinspecttheproductionline,asklotsofquestions,and16untiltheyareskilledand17.Productionatthecompany18andthecustomersarehappierwiththehigh19

shoes!Assalesincrease,Mr.Bardisabletopayhisworkersbetter.And20

thecompany'ssmartpaysystem,themostcompetentworkerscanbehighlyrewarded.1.A.appreciatesB.describesC.absorbsD.agrees2.A.excitedB.skilledC.bornD.considerate3.A.worriedB.confusedC.proudD.painful4.A.worseB.lessC.degreeD.more5.A.employerB.employeeC.degreeD.guarantee6.A.HoweverB.OnthecontraryC.InotherwordsD.Therefore7.A.disagreedB.dislikedC.disappearedD.discouraged8.A.highB.sameC.lowD.distant9.A.sillyB.likelyC.wiseD.simple10.A.selectB.shakeC.sufferD.scold11.A.driversB.teachersC.cooksD.customers12.A.improveB.putupC.postponeD.comeup13.A.forgetB.sellC.trainD.harm14.A.standardsB.limitsC.bordersD.patience15.A.pickingB.teachingC.toleratingD.weighing16.A.warnB.sneezeC.sobD.practice17.A.productiveB.affectedC.strictD.straight18.A.goesdownB.goesawayC.goesagainstD.goesup19.A.quantityB.abilityC.qualityD.equality20.A.regardlessofB.thankstoC.insteadofD.inspiteof五、語(yǔ)法填空（10分）8.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

YourheromightbeyourMom,Dadorbothofthem.________myheroisFlorenceKelley.

In1871,________shewastwelveyearsold,Keley'sfathertookhertoaglassfactory,________(show)herthewondersofAmericasfactories,whereshesawsmallchildrenworkingwithpotsfullofacid(酸).Kelleywasangry.Shelaterlearned________

therewereoveronemillionchildrenworkinginhot,crowdedandunsafefactories.Theworkwasvery________(danger).Everyyeartensofthousandsofkidsdiedorwere________(serious)hurt.In1889,Kelleyknewsomethinghadtobedone.Sheaskedpeoplenottobuygoodsthat________(make)bychildworkers.Shegavespeechesandwrotereports.Withinafewyearsshebecamefamous________theleaderagainstchildlabor(童工).In1893,Kelley________(fight)foranewlawinIllinois.Thatlawsaidthatnofactoriescouldhavechildworkers.

FlorenceKelleyiscertainlyaherotome.Becauseofher,youandIdon'tneedto

workin________(factory)andholdpotsfullofacid.六、改錯(cuò)題（10分）9.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有2處。每處錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（^），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：⒈每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；⒉只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkheroesshouldhave?Tome,heroesarebraveandhelpful.They'repeopleyourespectof.Myheroesarethevolunteers