第二節(jié)名詞學(xué)案-高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)（藝術(shù)班）

第二節(jié)名詞〔真題演練〕1.[2022全國新高考Ⅰ改編]TheGiantPandaNationalPark’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate（population）andhomesofgiantpandas.2.[2022全國乙改編]Chinahasa（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.3.[2022全國甲]CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental（protect）.4.[2021全國乙]Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobeeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe（develop）ofthelocalareas.5.[2021浙江1月]Itiscalculatedbydividinga（person）weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.〔必備知識〕名詞是一種實(shí)詞，表示人、物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念等的統(tǒng)一名稱。它可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語、同位語等成分。在高考中主要考查名詞的數(shù)、名詞所有格和詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。一、名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則變化一般情況下在詞尾直接加spopulation→populations，month→months以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加esswitch→switches,brush→brushes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加esfacility→facilities,majority→majorities以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加estomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes有些在詞尾加spiano→pianos,photo→photos以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞一般要變f或fe為v再加esshelf→shelves,knife→knives少數(shù)直接加sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs不規(guī)則變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species變內(nèi)部元音man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet名詞前有man或woman修飾man/woman和中心詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,如awomandoctor→womendoctors,amanteacher→menteachers二、名詞所有格名詞所有格’s所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有關(guān)系。（1）一般是名詞詞尾加’s，如John’shome約翰的家；（2）以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只在詞尾加’，如students’textbooks學(xué)生們的課本；（3）詞尾不帶（e）s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍加’s，如children’sgame孩子們的游戲of所有格表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系，如thetitleofthearticle文章的標(biāo)題；名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格，如thenameofthegirloverthere那邊的那個(gè)女孩的名字雙重所有格雙重所有格的構(gòu)成為“名詞＋of＋’s所有格”或“名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名詞前可用a、any、some、afew、two、this、that、these、those等修飾，但一般不用the。如apictureofmymother’s我母親（擁有）的一張照片；thislittlecatofyoursister’s你妹妹的這只小貓三、常見名詞后綴名詞后綴：動詞變名詞alapprove→approvalarrive→arrivalance/enceappear→appearanceexist→existencetion/ationpete→petitionexplain→explanation（ss）iondiscuss→discussionadmit→admissionmentachieve→achievementargue→argumenture/turepress→pressuremix→mixtureyrecover→recoverydiscover→discovery其他choose→choicevary→variety名詞后綴：形容詞變名詞ageshort→shortagecyefficient→efficiencyfluent→fluencydomfree→freedomwise→wisdomcedifferent→differencesilent→silencenessweak→weaknesscareless→carelessnessthwarm→warmthty/itysafe→safetyresponsible→responsibility〔技巧點(diǎn)撥〕典例1InrecentyearssomeInuitinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa（believe）thatpopulationsareincreasing.典例2Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious（activity）onEarthDay.〔分層特訓(xùn)〕Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.[2022湖北四校聯(lián)考]GrainRainoriginatesfromtheoldsaying“Rainbringsupthe（grow）ofhundredsofgrains”,whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportant.2.[2022江蘇泰州四調(diào)]Despitethe（oppose）ofhisfamily,Shiresignedfromhisleadershippositionatastateownedfirmandbeganhisfightagainstdesertification.3.[2021全國新高考Ⅰ]Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe（human）are.4.[2021全國乙]（activity）thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（遠(yuǎn)足）andacmodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.5.[2021全國甲]Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand（watchtower）totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.6.[2020全國新高考Ⅰ]Historical（accurate）isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustpeteforpeople’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.7.[2020全國Ⅰ]Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular（interesting）toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters（環(huán)形山）,moresothanthefamiliarnearside.8.[2020全國Ⅱ]ChineseNewYearisa（celebrate）markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.9.Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting（pete）towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.10.Amerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall（cause）.Ⅱ.語法填空[2022湖北武漢華中師大一附中考前測試]Asciencelecture400kilometersaboveEarthwasdeliveredbyChineseastronautsonChina’sTiangongspacestation,1wheretheydisplayeduniquephysicalphenomenaintheorbitingspacecraft.2（feature）interactiveteaching,itwasmainlytargetedatyoungsters.In2013,3theassistanceoftwoothercrewmembers,WangYapingdeliveredthecountry’sfirstspacelecture,makingChina,followingtheUnitedStates,4（bee）thesecondcountrytocarryoutaspacelecture.paredwiththelectureeightyearsago,thelecturein2021was5（great）different.Apartfromabigger“classroom”,itcovereda6（wide）rangeofsubjects.PreviouslyWangshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsandthephenomenaof7（weightless）inspace.Butthisyear,biology8（add）.Theastronautsparedthegrowthandshapeofcellsindifferentenvi