雅思英語考試經(jīng)典資料匯編1：Practice Test 3

54

practiceTest3

LISTENING

SECTION1Questions1-12

Questions1-4

circletheappropriateletter

Example

Howdoesthewomantraveleveryday?

Abycar

Bbybus

Confoot

Dbytrain

1whataretheparkingregulationsoncampus?

Aundergraduateparkingallowed

Bpostgraduateparkingallowed

Cstaffparkingonlyallowed

Dnostudentparkingallowed

2Theadministrationofficeisin

ABlockB.

BBlockD.

CBlockE.

DBlockG.

3Ifyoudonothaveaparkingsticker,thefollowingactionwillbetaken:

Awheelclampyourcar.

Bfineonly.

Ctowawayyourcarandfine.

Dtowawayyourcaronly.

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Listening

4whichpictureshowsthecorrectlocationoftheAdministrationoffice?

Questions5-10

completetheapplication∫ormusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS

Application∫orparkingsticker

Name(5)...................................................................................................

Address(6)Flat13..................................................................................

suburb(7).................................................................................................

Faculty(8)...............................................................................................

Registrationnumber(9)..........................................................................

Makeofcar(10)......................................................................................

Questions11-12

11cashier,sofficeopensatA12.15B2.00C2.15D4.30

12wheremustthestickerbedisplayed?

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practiceTest3

SECTION2Questions13-23

completethenotesbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS∫oreachanswer.

Datethemuseumwasopened

(13)

Themuseumconsistsofabuildingand

(14)

Handicappedtoiletdoorshows

Example:dwee/chdir

TheEducationcentreissignpostedby

(15)

Ifyouloseyourfriends,meetatthe

(16)

warningaboutThevampire

(17)

HowoftenarethetoursofThevampire?

(18)

personfeaturedintoday’svideo

(19)

TheLeisureGalleryshowshowAustraliancultureisinfluencedby

(20)

(21)

ThepictureGallerycontainspicturesby

costoffamilymembershipofthemuseum

(22)

“passengersandthesea”includesacollectionof

(23)

57

Listening

SECTION3Questions24-32

Questions24-27

clickthecorrectanswer

24Markisgoingtotalkbrieflyabout

Amarketingnewproducts.

Bpricingstrategies.

Cmanaginglargecompanies.

Dsettingsalestargets.

25Accordingtosusan,airfaresarelowestwhenthey

Aincludeweekendtravel.

Barebookedwellinadvance.

Carenon-refundable.

Dareforbusinesstravelonly.

26Markthinksrevenuemanagementis

Ainteresting.

Bcomplicated.

Ctime-consuming.

Dreasonable.

27Theairlinecompanieswantto

Aincreaseprofits.

Bbenefitthepassenger.

Csellcheapseats.

Dimprovetheservice.

Questions28-32

completethenotesusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS∫oreachanswer

Tworeasonsforthenewapproachtopricingare:

(28)..........................................................................and

(29)...........................................................................

Infuturepeoplewillbeabletobookairlinetickets(30)....................................................

Alsobeingmarketedmthiswayare(31)............................................................and

(32)..................................................................

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practiceTest3

SECTION4Questions33-42

Questions33-37

completethetablewriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS∫oreachanswer

3PAC旦別ANA⑥旦別旦N了

RESEARCHMETHOD

INFORMATIONPROVIDED

Questionnaires

whatcustomersthinkabout

(33).........................................................

(34)............................................

howcustomersmovearoundsupermarketaisles

Eyemovement

(35)............................................

themosteye-catchingareasoftheshop

computerprograms

e.g.(36).....................................

thebest(37)........................................

foranarticleintheshop

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EXIT

Checkout-oftenusedtosell

(42)................................

........................................

Gondolaend—

oftenfind

(41).............................

.....................................

displayedhere.

AISLE

Productsplacedheresellwellparticularlyiftheyareplaced

(39)...............................

.......................................

Theseareasare

knownas

(40)................................

........................................

Listening

Questions38-42

LabelthecliagiamwiiteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS∫oreachanmer

ASUPERMARKETAISLE

ENTRANCE

Firstshelves-customers

usually

(38)................................

these.

Gondolaend-prime

position:

usedtolaunchlaunchnewproducts

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practiceTest3

READING

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-12whicharebasedonReadingpassage2below.

SPOKENCORPUSCOMESTOLIFE

AThecompilingofdictionarieshasbeenhistoricallytheprovenanceofstudiousprofessorialtypes-usuallybespectacled-wholovetoporeoverweightytomesandmakepronouncementsonthefinernuancesofmeaning.Theywereprobablygoodatcrosswordsanddefinitelyknewalotofwords,buttheimagewasalwaysratherdryanddusty.Thelatesttechnology,andsimpletechnologyatthat,isrevolutionisingthecontentofdictionariesandthewaytheyareputtogether.

BForthefirsttime,dictionarypublishersareincorporatingreal,spokenEnglishintotheirdata.Itgiveslexicographers(peoplewhowritedictionaries)accesstoamorevibrant,up-to-datevernacularlanguagewhichhasneverreallybeenstudiedbefore. Inoneproject,150volunteerseachagreedtodiscreetlytieawalkmanrecordertotheirwaistandleaveitrunningforanythinguptotwoweeks.Everyconversationtheyhadwasrecorded.whenthedatawascollected,thelengthoftapeswas35timesthedepthoftheAtlanticocean.Teamsofaudiotypiststranscribedthetapestoproduceacomputeriseddatabaseoftenmillionwords.

CThishasbeenthebasis-alongwithanexistingwrittencorpus- fortheLanguageActivatordictionary,describedbylexicographer professorRandolphQuirkas“thebooktheworldhasbeenwaiting for”.ItshowsadvancedforeignlearnersofEnglishhowthe languageisreallyused.Inthedictionary,keywordssuchas“eat” arefollowedbyrelatedphrasessuchas“wolfdown”or“bea pickyeater”,allowingthestudenttochoosetheappropriatephrase.D“Thiskindofresearchwouldbeimpossiblewithoutcomputers,” saidDeliasummers,adirectorofdictionaries.“Ithastransformed thewaylexicographerswork.Ifyoulookattheword“l(fā)ike”,you mayintuitivelythinkthatthefirstandmostfrequentmeaningis theverb,asin“Ilikeswimming”.Itisnot.Itisthepreposition,asin:“shewalkedlikeaduck”.Justbecauseawordorphraseis

61

Reading

useddoesn’tmeanitendsupinadictionary.Thesiftingoutprocessisasvitalasever.Butthedatabasedoesallowlexicographerstosearchforawordandfindouthowfrequentlyitisused-somethingthatcouldonlybeguessedatintuitivelybefore.

EResearchershavefoundthatwrittenEnglishworksinaverydifferentwaytospokenEnglish.Thephrase“saywhatyoulike”literallymeans“feelfreetosayanythingyouwant”,butinrealityitisused,evidenceshows,bysomeonetopreventtheotherpersonvoicingdisagreement.Thephrase“it”saquestionofcropsuponthedatabaseoverandoveragain.Ithasnothingtodowithenquiry,butit’soneofthemostfrequentEnglishphraseswhichhasneverbeeninalanguagelearner’sdictionarybefore:itisnow.

FThespokencorpuscomputershowshowinventiveandhumorouspeoplearewhentheyareusinglanguagebytwistingfamiliarphrasesforeffect.Italsorevealsthepowerofthepausesandnoisesweusetoplayfortime,conveyemotion,doubtandirony.

GForthemoment,thosebenefitingmostfromthespokencorpusareforeignlearners.“computersallowlexicographerstosearchquicklythroughmoreexamplesofrealEnglish,”saidprofessorGeoffreyLeechofLancasteruniversity.“Theyallowdictionariestobemoreaccurateandgiveafeelforhowlanguageisbeingused.”ThespokencorpusispartofthelargerBritishNationalcorpus,aninitiativecarriedoutbyseveralgroupsinvolvedintheproductionoflanguagelearningmaterials:publishers,universitiesandtheBritishLibrary.

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practiceTest3

Questions1-6

Readingpassage1hassevenparagraphs(A-G).choosethemostsuitableheading∫oreachparagraph∫romthelisto∫headingsbelow.writetheappropriatenumbers(i-xi)inboxes1-6onyouranswersheet.paragraphchasbeendone∫oryouasanexample.

NBTherearemoreheadingsthanparagraphssoyouwillnotuseallo∫them.Youmayuseanyheadingmorethanonce.

ListofHeadings

iGrammariscorrected

iiNewmethodofresearch

iiiTechnologylearnsfromdictionaries

ivNon-verbalcontent

vThefirststudyofspokenlanguage

viTraditionallexicographicalmethods

viiwrittenEnglishtellsthetruth

viiiNewphrasesenterdictionary

ixAcooperativeresearchproject

xAccuratewordfrequencycounts

xiAlternativeexpressionsprovided

1paragraphA

2paragraphB

ExampleAnswer

paragraphCXi

3paragraphD

4paragraphE

5paragraphF

6paragraphG

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Theportrayaloffeelingsthrough

...(11)...

spokencorpuscomputer

Differencesbetweenwrittenand

...(10)...use

Mostfrequently

used...(9)...of

words.

Rreading

Questions7-11

Thediagrambelowillustratesthein∫ormationprovidedinparagraphsB-Fo∫Reading

passage1completethelabelsonthediagramwithanappropriatewordorwordsuseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS∫oreachspacewriteyouranswersinboxes711onyouranswersheet

Example

current,real-lifedata

collectedduring

Datafrom

...(7)...

writtencorpus

LANGUAGE

ACTIVATOR

keywords

and

...(8)...

choosetheappropriateletterA-Dandwriteitinbox12onyouranswersheet

12whywasthisarticlewritten?

ATogiveanexampleofacurrentdictionary.

BToannounceanewapproachtodictionarywriting.

CToshowhowdictionarieshaveprogressedovertheyears.

DTocomparethecontentofdifferentdictionaries

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practiceTest3

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions13-26whicharebasedonReadingpassage2below.

MoIeshappyashomesgounderground

AThefirstanybodyknewaboutDutchmanFranksiegmundandhisfamilywas

whenworkmentrampingthroughafieldfoundanarrowsteelchimneyprotrudingthroughthegrass.closerinspection

revealedachinkofsky-lightwindow

amongthethistles,andwhenamazed

investigatorsmoveddownthesideofthehilltheycameacrossapinedoor

completewithleadeddiamondglassandabrassknockersetintoanundergroundbuilding.Thesiegmundshadmanagedtoliveundetectedforsixyearsoutside

thebordertownofBreda,inHolland.Theyarethelatestinaclutchof

individualistichomemakerswhohaveburrowedundergroundinsearchoftranquillity.

BMost,fallingfoulofstrictbuilding

regulations,havebeenforcedto

dismantletheirindividualistichomesandreturntomoreconventionallifestyles.

Butsubterraneansuburbia,Dutch-style,isabouttobecomerespectableand

chic.sevenluxuryhomescosseted

awayinsideahighearth-coverednoiseembankmentnexttothemainTilburg

cityroadrecentlywentonthemarketfor$296,500each.Thefoundationshadyettobedug,butcustomersqueueduptobuytheunusualpart-submerged

houses,whosebackwallconsistsofagrassymoundandwhosefrontisalongglassgallery.

cTheDutcharenottheonlywould-be

moles.GrowingnumbersofEuropeansareburrowingbelowgroundtocreate

houses,offices,discosandshopping

malls.Itisalreadyprovingawayoflifeinextremeclimates;inwintermonthsin

Montreal,canada,forinstance,citizenscanescapethecoldinanundergroundcomplexcompletewithshopsandevenhealthclinics.InTokyobuildersare

planningamassiveundergroundcitytobebeguninthenextdecade,and

undergroundshoppingmallsarealreadycommoninJapan,where90percentofthepopulationissqueezedinto20

percentofthelandspace.

DBuildingbigcommercialbuildings

undergroundcanbeawaytoavoid

disfiguringorthreateningabeautifulor“environmentallysensitive”landscape.Indeedmanyofthebuildingswhich

consumemostland-suchascinemas,supermarkets,theatres,warehousesorlibraries-havenoneedtobeonthe

surfacesincetheydonotneedwindows.

ETherearebigadvantages,too,whenit

comestoprivatehomes.Adevelopmentof194houseswhichwouldtakeup14

hectaresoflandabovegroundwould

occupy2.7hectaresbelowit,whilethenumberofroadswouldbehalved.underseveralmetresofearth,noiseisminimalandinsulationisexcellent.“weget40to50enquiriesaweek,”sayspeter

carpenter,secretaryoftheBritishEarthshelteringAssociation,whichbuilds

65

Reading

similarhomesinBritain.”peopleseethisasawayofbuildingforthefuture.”An

undergrounddwellerhimself,carpenterhasneverpaidaheatingbill,thankstosolarpanelsandnaturalinsulation.

FInEuropetheobstaclehasbeen

conservativelocalauthoritiesand

developerswhoprefertoensurequick

saleswithconventionalmassproducedhousing.ButtheDutchdevelopmentwasgreetedwithundisguisedreliefbysouthLimburgplannersbecauseofHolland，s

chronicshortageofland.Itwasthe

TilburgarchitectJoHurkmanswhohitontheideaofmakinguseofnoise

embankmentsonmainroads.Histwo-

floored,four-bedroomed,two-

bathroomeddetachedhomesarenow

takingshape.”Theyarenotsomuch

belowtheearthasinit,”hesays.”Allthelightwillcomethroughtheglassfront,

whichrunsfromthesecondfloorceilingtotheground.Areaswhichdonotneedmuchnaturallightingareattheback.Thelivingaccommodationistothefrontso

nobodynoticesthatthebackisdark.”

GIntheus,whereenergy-efficienthomesbecamepopularaftertheoilcrisisof

1973,10,000undergroundhouseshavebeenbuilt.Aterraceoffivehomes,

Britain，sfirstsubterraneandevelopment,isunderwayinNottinghamshire.Italy，soutstandingexampleofsubterranean

architectureistheolivettiresidentialcentreinIvrea.commissionedby

Robertoolivettiin1969,itcomprises82one-bedroomedapartmentsand

12maisonettesandformsahouse/

hotelforolivettiemployees.Itisbuiltintoahillandlittlecanbeseenfrom

outsideexceptaglassfacade.patnziavallecchi,aresidentsince1992,saysitislittledifferentfromlivingina

conventionalapartment.

HNoteveryoneadaptssowell,andin

Japanscientistsattheshimizu

corporationhavedeveloped”space

creation”systemswhichmixlight,

sounds,breezesandscentsto

stimulatepeoplewhospendlong

periodsbelowground.undergroundofficesinJapanarebeingequipped

with”virtual”windowsandmirrors,

whileundergrounddepartmentsintheuniversityofMinnesotahave

periscopestoreflectviewsandlight.

IButFranksiegmundandhisfamilylovetheirhobbitlifestyle.Theirhome

evolvedwhenhedugacoolroomforhisbakerybusinessinahillhehad

created.Duringaheatwavetheytooktosleepingthere.”wefeltatpeace

andsoclosetonature,”hesays.

”GraduallyIbeganaddingtothe

rooms.Itsoundsstrangebutweare

soclosetotheearthwedrawstrengthfromitsvibrations.ourchildrenloveit;noteverychildcanboastofbeing

watchedthroughtheirplayroom

windowsbyrabbits.

66

practiceTest3

Questions13-20

Readingpassage2hasnineparagraphs(A-I).choosethemostsuitableheading∫oreach

paragraph∫romthelisto∫headingsbelow.writetheappropriatenumbers(i-xii)inboxes1320onyouranswersheet.paragraphAhasbeendone∫oryouasanexample.

NBTherearemoreheadingsthanparagraphssoyouwillnotuseallo∫them.

ListofHeadings

iAdesignerdescribeshishouses

iiMostpeoplepreferconventionalhousing

iiisimulatinganaturalenvironment

ivHowanundergroundfamilyhomedeveloped

vDemandsonspaceandenergyarereduced

viTheplansforfuturehomes

viiworldwideexamplesofundergroundlivingaccommodationviiisomebuildingsdonotrequirenaturallight

ixDevelopingundergroundservicesaroundtheworld

xundergroundlivingimproveshealth

xiHomessoldbeforecompletion

xiiAnundergroundhomeisdiscovered

ExampleAnswer

paragraphAXii

13

paragraphB

14

paragraphC

15

paragraphD

16

paragraphE

17

paragraphF

18

paragraphG

19

paragraphH

20

paragraphI

67

Reading

Questions21-26

completethesentencesbelowwithwordstaken∫romthereadingpassage.useNOMORE

THANTHREEWORDS∫oreachanswer.writeyouranswersinboxes21-26onyouranswersheet.

21Manydevelopersprefermass-producedhousesbecausethey...

22TheDutchdevelopmentwaswelcomedby...

23Hurkmans,housesarebuiltinto...

24TheIvreacentrewasdevelopedfor...

25Japanesescientistsarehelpingpeople...undergroundlife.

26Franksiegmund,sfirstundergroundroomwasusedfor...

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practiceTest3

READINGPASSAGE3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-38whicharebasedonReadingpassage3below.

AWorkaholicEconomy

FoRTHEfirstcenturyorsooftheincreasedproductionhasbeenalmost

industrialrevolution,increasedproductivityledtodecreasesinworkinghours.Employeeswhohadbeenputtingin12-hourdays,sixdaysaweek,foundtheirtimeonthejobshrinkingto10hoursdaily,then,finally,toeighthours,fivedaysaweek.onlyagenerationagosocialplannersworriedaboutwhatpeoplewoulddowithallthisnew-foundfreetime.Intheus,atleast,itseemstheyneednothavebothered.

Althoughtheoutputperhourofworkhasmorethandoubledsince1945,leisureseemsreservedlargelyfortheunemployedandunderemployed.Thosewhoworkfull-timespendasmuchtimeonthejobastheydidattheendofworldwarII.Infact,workinghourshaveincreasednoticeablysince1970—perhapsbecauserealwageshavestagnatedsincethatyear.Bookstoresnowaboundwithmanualsdescribinghowtomanagetimeandcopewithstress.

Thereareseveralreasonsforlostleisure.since1979,companieshaverespondedtoimprovementsinthebusinessclimatebyhavingemployeesworkovertimeratherthanbyhiringextrapersonnel,sayseconomistJulietB.schorofHarvarduniversity.Indeed,thecurrenteconomicrecoveryhasgainedacertainamountofnotorietyforits“jobless”nature:

entirel}decoupledfromemployment.somefirmsareevendownsizingastheirprofitsclimb.“Allthingsbeingequal,we”dbebetteroffspreadingaroundthework,,observeslaboureconomistRonaldG.Ehrenbergofcornelluniversity.

yetahostoffactorspushesemployerstohirefewerworkersformorehoursand,atthesametime,compelsworkerstospendmoretimeonthejob.MostofthoseincentivesinvolvewhatEhrenbergcallsthestructureofcompensation:quirksinthewaysalariesandbenefitsareorganisedthatmakeitmoreprofitabletoask40employeestolabouranextrahoureachthantohireonemoreworkertodothesame40-hourjob.

professionalandmanagerialemployeessupplythemostobviouslessonalong

o

theyspend35hoursaweekintheofficeor70.Diminishingreturnsmayeventuallysetinasoverworkedemployeesloseefficiencyorleaveformorearablepastures.Butintheshortrun,theemployer,sincentiveisclear.

Evenhourlyemployeesreceivebenefits-suchaspensioncontributionsandmedicalinsurance-thatarenottiedtothenumberofhourstheywork.Therefore,itismore

Reprintedwithpermission.copyrightO1994byscienti∫icAmerican,Inc.Allrightsreserved.

69

writing

profitableforemployerstoworktheirexistingemployeesharder.

Forallthatemployeescomplainaboutlonghours,they,too,havereasonsnottotrademoneyforleisure.“peoplewhoworkreducedhourspayahugepenaltyincareerterms,”schormaintains.“It”stakenasanegativesignal’abouttheircommitmenttothefirm.’[Lotte]Bailyn[ofMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology]addsthatmanycorporatemanagersfinditdifficulttomeasurethecontributionoftheirunderlingstoafirm’swell-being,sotheyusethenumberofhoursworkedasaproxyforoutput.“Employeesknowthis,”shesays,andtheyadjusttheirbehavioraccordingly.

“Althoughtheimageofthegoodworkeristheonewhoselifebelongstothecompany,”Bailynsays,“itdoesn”tfitthefacts.’shecitesbothquantitativeandqualitativestudiesthatshowincreasedproductivityforpart-timeworkers:theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytosuccumbtofatigueinstressfuljobs.companiesthatemploymoreworkersforlesstimealsogainfromtheresultingredundancy,sheasserts.“Theextrapeoplecancoverthecontingenciesthatyouknowaregoingtohappen,suchaswhen

crisestakepeopleawayfromtheworkplace.’positiveexperienceswithreducedhourshavebeguntochangethemore-is-bettercultureatsomecompanies,schorreports.

Largerfirms,inparticular,appeartobemorewillingtoexperimentwithflexibleworkingarrangements...

Itmaytakeevenmorethanchangesinthefinancialandculturalstructuresofemploymentforworkerssuccessfullytotradeincreasedproductivityandmoneyforleisuretime,schorcontends.shesaystheU.s.marketforgoodshasbecomeskewedbytheassumptionoffull-time,two-careerhouseholds.Automobilemakersnolongermanufacturecheapmodels,anddevelopersdonotbuildthetinybungalowsthatservedthefirstpostwargenerationofhomebuyers.Noteventhehumblesthouseholdobjectismadewithoutamicroprocessor.Asschornotes,thesituationisacuriousinversionofthe“appropriatetechnology”visionthatdesignershavehadfordevelopingcountries:U.s.goodsareappropriateonlyforhighincomesandlonghours.

paulwalluh

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practiceTest3

Questions27-32

Dothe∫ollowingstatementsagreewiththeviewso∫thewriterinReadingpassage3?Inboxes27-32write

YES

NO

NOTGIVEN

i∫thestatementagreeswiththeviewso∫thewriter

i∫thestatementcontradictstheviewso∫thewriter

i∫itisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

Example

Duringtheindustrialrevolutionpeopleworkedharder.

Answer

NOTGIVEN

27Today,employeesarefacingareductioninworkinghours.

28socialplannershavebeenconsultedaboutUsemploymentfigures.

29salarieshavenotrisensignificantlysincethe1970s.

30Theeconomicrecoverycreatedmorejobs.

31Bailyn,sresearchshowsthatpart-timeemployeesworkmoreefficiently.32Increasedleisuretimewouldbenefittwo-careerhouseholds.

Questions33-34

choosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes33and34onyouranswersheet.

33Bailynarguesthatitisbetterforacompanytoemploymoreworkersbecause

Aitiseasytomakeexcessstaffredundant.

Bcrisesoccurifyouareunder-staffed.

Cpeopleareavailabletosubstituteforabsentstaff.

Dtheycanprojectapositiveimageatwork.

34schorthinksitwillbedifficultforworkersintheUstoreducetheirworkinghoursbecause

Atheywouldnotbeabletoaffordcarsorhomes.

Bemployer