2022屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高考二模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三英語(yǔ)練習(xí)卷

考生注意：

1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。

2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙

上，做在試卷上一律不得分。

3.務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Atthe

endofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,

readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

A.AliceB.AntonioC.SaraD.Sam

【答案】D

【解析】

［原文］M:Hi,Sara.MycousinSamfromAliceSpringsiscomingtovisitme.Iwanttotakehimouttodinner.

Doyouknowagoodrestaurant?

W:HowaboutItalianfood?There*sagoodoneonBirchStreet,Antonio'sRestaurant.

Q:Whoiscomingtovisittheman?

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

A.Abigtravelagency.B.Ajobopportunity.

C.Aninexperiencedsalesman.D.Apositionasgeneralmanager.

【答案】B

【解析】

［原文】W:Look,itsaystheywantajuniorsalesmanageranditseemslikeit'sabigcompany.That'llbegood

foryou.

M:Dotheysayanythingaboutexperience?

Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看1

A.Hisphonewasdisconnectedoutsidethecountry.

B.Heneedstomakephonecallstohisfriends.

C.Usingthee-mailwilldecreasehistelephoneexpenses.

D.Hisfriendswouldratherhearhissoundonthephone.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Weshouldwriteemailstoourfriendswholiveoutsidethecountry.

M:Soundslikeagreatidea.Ineedtocutdownonmyphonebill

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

A.Cleaninghiscar.B.Dressinghimselfforaparty.

C.Lookingforthebasement.D.Searchingforhissuitcase.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】M:Betty,where'smysmallsuitcase?Ifsnotinthebasement!

W:Isn'titinthegarage?

Q:Whatisthemandoing?

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

A.Herhandbag.B.Hernotebook.

C.Anovel.D.Alamp.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Wouldyouhandmethenotebookfrommyhandbag?

M:Sure.Isthatyourhandbagnexttothetablelamp?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanwant?

6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

A.Hedoesn'thaveanythingtodo.

B.Hebelievesthepick-uptimeiswrong.

C.Beforelunchisagreattime.

D.Timepassesveryquickly.

【答案】A

【解析】

［原文］W:Theclerksaidthatwehadtowaituntilafterlunchtopickupthepapers.

M:Butwhatarewegoingtodotokilltimebeforethen?

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

A.Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.

B.Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.

C.Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.

D.Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Fmnoexpert,butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn'tsoundright.Maybeyoushouldhaveitfixed.

W:You'reright.AndIsupposeI'veputitofflongenough.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看1

A.Whenshewillreturnhome.

B.Whethershecangobyherself.

C.Whethershecantravelbyair.

D.Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.

【答案】c

【解析】

【原文】M:IhaveanelderlymotherandI'mworriedabouthergoingonaplane.Isthereanyrisk?

W:Notifherheartisallright.Ifshehasaheartcondition,Tdrecommendagainstit.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowabouthismother?

9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看4

A.Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.

B.Whatherjobprospectsare.

C.Whatthecustomers9feedbackis.

D.Thedirector'sopinionofherwork.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】M:How'sthenewjobgoing?

W:Well,I'mlearningalotofnewthings,butIwishthedirectorwouldgivemesomefeedback.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?

10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

A.HerovercoatisasstylishasJilPs.

B.Jillworetheovercoatlastweek.

C.Jillmissedherclasslastweek.

D.Sheisinthesameclassastheman.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Thisisastylishovercoat.Isawyouwearingitlastweek,didn'tyou?

W:Oh,thatwasn'tme.ThatwasmysisterJill.She'sinyourclass.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyou

willbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesand

theconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhear

aquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethe

bestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

11.

A.Totreateatingdisorderduringhighschool.

B.Toincreaseconfidenceinherself.

C.Toachieveexternalperfection.

D.Totrytolosesomeweight.

12.

A.Shefeltpleasedtofindagoodhusband.

B.Shewasupsetaboutherunsatisfactoryimage.

C.ShewasanxioustoreadaboutthestoryofancientItalians.

D.Shewasstressedaboutthetightweddingschedule.

13.

AGettingwellalongwithfriends.

B.Improvingself-imagethroughvariousways.

C.Beingdevotedtomeaningfulactivities.

D.Relyingonpeoplearoundher.

【答案】ll.B12.B13.C

【解析】

【原文】Listeners,doyoulookatyourselfinthemirroreveryday?KjerstinGruys,a29-year-oldPhD

studentinsociology,hasmasteredtheartofavoidingherownreflection.Formonths,herdailyschedulebeganwith

thetypicalteethbrushing,butacurtaincoveredthebathroommirro匚Sheinsertedhercontactlensesandapplied

hermakeupbytouch,notsight.

HeractionwaspartofauniqueexperimentthatGruyshopeswillhelpimproveherownself-confidenceand

inspireotherstostopfocusingonexternalperfection.

TheprojecthaditsrootsinGruys'struggleswithbodyimageandherexperienceovercominganeating

disorder.Inhighschool,shehadinsecuritiesaboutherappearanceandsufferedfromdepression.

Gruyslaunchedherno-mirrorsprojectwhenshewasplanningherwedding.Atthattime,weddingdress

shoppingwasnotapleasantexperienceforherbutasourceofstress.Shesawherselfinthemirrorandwasrather

critical.Thinkingoflosingweightallthetimemakesherlow-spirited.ThenGruysreadaboutancientItalianswho

wereforbiddentolookateachotheronparticularoccasions.Shewastemptedtofollowsuit.

Atthebeginningofhermirror-freelifestyle,Gruysadmitstherewereafewdifficulties.

Butquickly,shelearnedtoadapt.Shetrainedherselftoavoideyecontactwithherownimageinwindows,

trustedfriendstotellherwhatlooksgoodwhenbuyingclothesandsheputcompletefaithinherhairstylist.

Now,sheisgettingbacktopayingattentiontotherealmeaningfulthingsinlifesuchasplantingandreading

ratherthanthemisleadingappearanceorreflection.Andsheisfinallyhavingpeace.

(Nowlistenagain,please.)

Questions:

11.WhatwasGruys'aimtocarryout”no-mirror“project?

12.HowdidGruysfeelwhenshewastryingherweddingdress?

13.WhatisGruys9lifefocus?

聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

14.

A.Toinformparentsandschools.B.Topickoutgoodstudents.

C.Tocompareteachers.D.Toexposepoorschool.

15.

A.Theyhavenotrustindoctors.

B.Theycannotaffordthemedicalfee.

CTheyfearthingslikeinjections.

D.Theydoubtthemedicaltreatment.

16.

A.Teachers9difficultlife.

B.Harmofdivorcetofamilies.

C.Waystobecomelovablekids.

D.Kids'attention-seekingbehavior.

【答案】14.A15.C16.D

【解析】

【原文】Nowit'steno'clockandtimeforasummaryofthenews.Schoolswherechildrenarefailingin

readingandwritingtestswillpubliclyidentifiedundernewgovernmentplans.Thegovernmentalsoplansto

introducesixnewtestsincludingmathematicsandscienceforallschoolchildren.EducationministerDavidCamp

saidnoschoolsshouldbeafraidofbeingexposed.Themainpurposeistoinformparentsandschools.They'llhave

exactinformationandthestudents?problemswillbeknown.

Apsychologisthasfoundoneintenstudentsfearsinjections,bloodandinjurysomuchthattheyrunaway

fromdoctors.Theseyoungpatientsmaymissoutontreatment.Theyaremorelikelytohavefaintedwhentheyface

withinjections,bloodandinjury.Thefearcoulddisturbappropriatemedicalcare.

Researchhasbeendoneonkidswhoweremakingtroubleallthetimeatschool.Theymadetheteachers,life

verydifficult.Researchersfoundthatmanyofthosetroublemakerswerefromdivorcedfamilies.Whattheyreally

wantistheattentionfromparentsandteachers.Oncetheycouldgetattentionfromparentsandteachers,thosekids

couldbeveryappealing.

(Nowlistenagain,please.)

Questions:

l.Whatisthemainpurposeofintroducingthenewtests?

2.Whydosomeyoungpatientsrunawayfromdoctors?

3.Whatisthelastpieceofnewsmainlyabout?

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

17.

A.Computersalesnegotiation.

B.Apreliminaryinterview.

C.AnInternetseminarmeeting.

D.Abusinessmeeting.

18.

A.Shemanagedthesalesdepartment.

B.ShegaveseminarsontheInternet.

C.Sheworkedasaguardian.

D.Sheworkedasaseller.

19.

A.Javaisawebpageauthoringprogram.

B.Javaisakindofbeverage.

C.Javaisacomputergamesoftware.

D.Javaisveryeasytolearn.

20.

A.HewillcallMrs.Taylorinthenextfewdays.

B.Hewilltalkovertheirdiscussionwithothers.

C.Hewillnotcontactherfbrfurtherconsideration.

D.Hewillemployheratonce.

【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.C

【解析】

【原文】M:Okay,Mrs.Taylor,lefsgoaheadandbegin.Firstofall,tellmeaboutyourlastjob.

W:Well,asstatedonmyresume,youknow,IworkedforfiveyearsatHiTechComputers.

M:Okay.Thatsoundsverygood,HiTech.Andwhatdoyouknowaboutcomputernetworksandoperatingsystems

includingDOS,Windows,MacintoshOS,andUNIX?

W:Umm...well...Ididcomeintocontactwithcomputerseverynightatmylastjob.

M:Hmm!Andhowaboutwebsiteauthoringskills?Wearelookingforsomeonetocreateandmanageour

company'swebsitewhichwouldincludethedevelopment,configuration,aswellastheuseofCGIscripts.

W:Umm…uh,webpage,webpage.Huh...Idon'tthinkIhavealreadyreadthatbook,andI'mafraidthatI've

neverusedthoseCGIthings.

M:Huh!AndwhataboutexperiencewithJavaorJavaScript?

W:Well...IthinkFvctriedJavaataforeigncoffeeshoponetime,ifthafswhatyoumean.

M:Okay,Mrs.Taylor,now,IthinkIhavealltheinformationIneedfromourshortconversation.

W:Oh,andIreallylikecomputergames.Iplaythemeveryday.

M:Right,right.ThanksMrs.Taylor.We'llbeintouch.

(Nowlistenagain,please.)

Questions:

17.Whatisthemaintopicofthisconversation?

18.Fromthediscussion,whatdidMrs.Taylorprobablydoforherpreviouscompany?

19.WhatdoesMrs.TaylorthinkofJava?

20.Whatdoesthemanmeanwhenhesays"We'llbeintouch,,attheendoftheconversation?

ILGrammarandvocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ObstaclesforFemaleScientistsinAfrica

FemalescientistsinAfricaareentrepreneurialandresourceful.They21(seek)innovativesolutions

toproblemsthataffecttheircommunities,andmanyareactivelyappealingtoengageothersintheirwork.Butfor

morewomenonthecontinenttoachieveinscience,theyneedpoliciesthathelptolowerthebarrierstotheir

successandthatenhanceinternationalcollaborations.

WomeninAfricaexperiencegreaterbarrierstodevelopingcareersinscience,technology,engineeringand

mathematics(STEM)than22inhigh-incomecountriesdo,withlackoffundingaparticularproblem.

Africa^researchersbadlyneedlong-term,stableinvestmentfrominternalandexternalfundingsources,including

venturecapital.Inthelatestpoll,56%ofrespondentsworkinginscienceinAfricacitedalackoffundingastheir

23(great)careerchallenge,anditwasthetopconcernfbrbothmenandwomen.IfonlyAfrica's

governmentsandtheinternationaldonorcommunity24domoretohelpscientiststorealizetheir

ambitions:evenmodestfundingincreasesmightgoalongway25acceleratingnation-building.

Work-lifebalanceisthesecond-mostmentionedconcemforwomen.Itisclear26manyofthe

womenhavemadehugepersonalsacrificestoobtaintheirPhDs—thosewhostudyoverseasandaremothers,for

example,oftenspendmonthsatatimeawayfromtheirchildren,27(leave)theminthecareofothers,

suchasfathersandgrandparents.

Moreover,somewomenhavenotbeenpromotedasquicklyastheirmalecounterparts,even28-they

arepublishingatthesamerateandbringinginasmuchresearchfundingandequipmenttotheirinstitutionsasmen.

Thereasonsvary,butinclude29(evaluate)accordingtooutdatedstandard.

Inthatcase,inteiTiationalcollaborationneedstobemorecommoninhelpingAfricanwomenscientists.

30theCOVID-19pandemichasshown,suchexchangescanhappenonvirtualplatforms.Africa'sfemale

scientistsareontherise—andpartneringwiththemcouldgivesky-highreturns.

【答案】21.areseeking

22.those23.greatest

24.could25.towards##to

26.that27.leaving

28.though##if

29.beingevaluated

30.As

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是為了讓非洲大陸更多的女性在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得成就，她們需要有助

于降低她們成功的障礙并加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作的政策。

[21題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他們正在尋求創(chuàng)新的辦法來(lái)解決影響其社區(qū)的問(wèn)題，許多人積極呼吁其他人

參與他們的工作。and前后時(shí)態(tài)一致,由后面的"andmanyareactivelyappealing”可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在

進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)They是復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是areseeking,故填areseeking。

【22題詳解】

考查代詞。句意：與高收入國(guó)家的婦女相比，非洲婦女在發(fā)展科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)(STEM)職業(yè)方

面遭遇了更大的障礙，缺乏資金是一個(gè)特別的問(wèn)題?？仗幹复呤杖雵?guó)家的女性，為同類指代，應(yīng)用

that/those,又上文women是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故此處應(yīng)用those,thoseinhigh-incomecountires相當(dāng)于thewomen

inhigh-incomecountires。故填thoseto

【23題詳解】

考查最高級(jí)。句意：在最新的民意調(diào)查中，在非洲從事科學(xué)工作的受訪者中，56%的人認(rèn)為缺乏資金是他

們最大的職業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)，這是男性和女性最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。由后面的"itwasthetopconcernforbothmenand

women”可知，句子表示“56%的人認(rèn)為缺乏資金是他們最大的職業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)”，空格處意為“最大的”，用

最高級(jí)greatest,故填greatesto

【24題詳解】

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果非洲各國(guó)政府和國(guó)際捐贈(zèng)界能夠做更多的事情來(lái)幫助科學(xué)家實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的雄心壯

志，那就好了：即使是適度的資金增加也可能對(duì)加速國(guó)家建設(shè)大有幫助。do是原形，空格處用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，

由Ifonly可知，句子是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子表示“如果非洲各國(guó)政府和國(guó)際捐贈(zèng)界能夠做更多的事情來(lái)幫助科

學(xué)家實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的雄心就好了”，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，且空格處意為“能夠”，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,故填

couldo

【25題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：如果非洲各國(guó)政府和國(guó)際捐贈(zèng)界能夠做更多的事情來(lái)幫助科學(xué)家實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的雄心壯志，

那就好了：即使是適度的資金增加也可能對(duì)加速國(guó)家建設(shè)大有幫助。由“acceleratingnation-building”可

知，句子表示''即使是適度的資金增加也可能對(duì)加速國(guó)家建設(shè)大有幫助"，goalongwaytowards/t。意為

“大大有利于”>故填towards/to。

【26題詳解】

考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：很明顯，許多女性為了獲得博士學(xué)位做出了巨大的個(gè)人犧牲——例如，那些在海外

留學(xué)的女性已經(jīng)是母親了，她們經(jīng)常一次離開(kāi)孩子幾個(gè)月，把孩子留給其他人照顧，比如父親和祖父母。

分析可知，It是形式主語(yǔ)，空格處引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格處用

that,故填that。

【27題詳解】

考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：很明顯，許多女性為了獲得博士學(xué)位做出了巨大的個(gè)人犧牲——例如，那些在海外

留學(xué)的女性已經(jīng)是母親了，她們經(jīng)常一次離開(kāi)孩子幾個(gè)月，把孩子留給其他人照顧，比如父親和祖父母。

分析可知，句中謂語(yǔ)是spend,空格處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，mothers和leave之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此空格處用現(xiàn)

在分詞表主動(dòng)，故填leaving。

【28題詳解】

考查連詞。句意：此外，一些女性的晉升速度沒(méi)有男性同行快，即使她們發(fā)表論文的速度和她們?yōu)樗跈C(jī)

構(gòu)帶來(lái)的研究資金和設(shè)備與男性一樣多。結(jié)合句意可知，上下文為讓步關(guān)系，表示“即使”應(yīng)用even

though/if,故填though/ifo

【29題詳解】

考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：原因各不相同，但包括按照過(guò)時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。include后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，女性是

被評(píng)估，因此空格處用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即beingdone,故填beingevaluated。

【30題詳解】

考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：正如新冠肺炎疫情所顯示的那樣，這種交易可能發(fā)生在虛擬平臺(tái)上。分析可知，空

格處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，句子表示“正如新冠肺炎疫情所顯示的那樣，這種交

易可能發(fā)生在虛擬平臺(tái)上“，空格處意為“正如”，用as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，位于句首，首字母大

寫，故填A(yù)s。

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.urgentB.transformativeC.presentsD.grabbedE.declaration

F.collectiveG.capacityH.worseningI.determinedJ.foundationK.responsibility

SavetheWorld

TheUnitedNationsissuedareportlastweekwarningthathumansaredestroyingnatureatsucharatethatlife

onEarthisatrisk.Whenthereportcameout,itnaturally31headlines.Butobviouslyitdidnothijackthe

newsagendainthemannerofamajorterroristattackor32ofwar.

ThereportfromtheIntergovernmentalScience-PolicyPlatformonBiodiversityandEcosystemServices

(IPBES)isclearonwhafsatstakeandwhatneedstochange.IPBESchairRobertWatsonsaysthe"overwhelming

evidence,,33an“ominous(兇兆的)picture"."Thehealthofecosystemsonwhichweandallother

speciesdependis34morerapidlythanever,“RobertWatsonsaid."Wearebitingthevery35of

oureconomies,livelihoods,foodsecurity,healthandqualityoflifeworldwidc.^^Thereportsaysit'snottoolateif

wemake"36changes"——fundamental,system-widereorganizationateverylevelfromlocalto

global,weneedtofocusonhowtomakethathappen.

First,don'timmerseyourselfindespair,becausedespairleadstoinertia（'惰性）anddoingnothingmeans

certaindisaster.Everyactiontosavenaturewillimproveour37andpersonalfuturesandtheonlyaction

torespondtoathreatofthisscaleiswith38actionrootedinoptimism.Second,weneedfocus,justlike

whenrescueteamsarriveonasceneandusetheconceptof“triage（傷員鑒另U分類）“toensurethemost

39casesgettreatedfirst.Savingthenaturalworldneedsthatkindofthinking.Wedon'thavethe

40todoeverythingatonce.Weneedtomakehardchoices.

【答案】31.D32,E

33.C34.H

35.J36.B

37.F38.1

39.A40.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了聯(lián)合國(guó)上周發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告稱地球上的生命正處于危險(xiǎn)中，我們應(yīng)

該進(jìn)行多層面徹底變革，以保護(hù)我們和所有物種賴以生存的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

【31題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)這份報(bào)告出來(lái)時(shí)，它自然成為了頭條新聞。分析句子可知，空處為主句謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句

中came可知，句子使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，報(bào)告成為了頭條新聞，grabbed“抓住”為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

形式作謂語(yǔ)，符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)。

【32題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：但很明顯，它并沒(méi)有像重大恐怖襲擊或宣戰(zhàn)那樣操縱新聞議程。根據(jù)上文“amajor

terroristattack”可知,空處應(yīng)用名詞與terroristattack并列，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),declaration”宣布，宣告”

為名詞，符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)。

【33題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞。句意：IPBES主席羅伯特?沃森表示，“壓倒性的證據(jù)”展示了一幅“不祥的畫面”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)

意，壓倒性證據(jù)展示了不祥的畫面，presents“展示”為動(dòng)詞，符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。

【34題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞。句意：羅伯特?沃森說(shuō)：“我們和所有其他物種賴以生存的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康狀況正在以前所未

有的速度惡化?！?。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)正在快速惡化，worsening"惡化，變得更壞”為動(dòng)詞，符合句

意。故選H項(xiàng)。

[35題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：我們正在侵蝕全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、生計(jì)、糧食安全、健康和生活質(zhì)量的根本基礎(chǔ)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，我

們正在侵蝕全球很多方面的根本基礎(chǔ)，空處應(yīng)用名詞作動(dòng)詞biting的賓語(yǔ)，foundation“基礎(chǔ)”為名詞，符

合句意。故選J項(xiàng)。

【36題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：報(bào)告稱，如果我們?cè)趶牡胤降饺虻母鱾€(gè)層面進(jìn)行“變革性變化”一一根本性的全系

統(tǒng)重組一一還為時(shí)不晚，我們需要關(guān)注如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞changes,

transformative“有改革能力的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。

[37題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：每一項(xiàng)拯救自然的行動(dòng)都將改善我們集體和個(gè)人的未來(lái)，應(yīng)對(duì)如此大規(guī)模威脅的唯一

行動(dòng)就是采取植根于樂(lè)觀主義的堅(jiān)定行動(dòng)?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞與personal并列，修飾名詞futures,

collective“集體的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)。

【38題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：每一項(xiàng)拯救自然的行動(dòng)都將改善我們集體和個(gè)人的未來(lái)，應(yīng)對(duì)如此大規(guī)模威脅的唯一

行動(dòng)就是采取植根于樂(lè)觀主義的堅(jiān)定行動(dòng)?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞action,determined“堅(jiān)定的”為形容

詞，符合句意。故選I項(xiàng)。

【39題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：第二，我們需要集中精力，就像救援隊(duì)到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)并使用“傷員鑒別分類”的概念來(lái)確

保最緊急的病例最先得到治療一樣。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，最緊急的病例最先得到治療，空處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞

cases,urgent"緊急的"為形容詞，符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。

【40題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：我們沒(méi)有能力同時(shí)做每件事。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，我們沒(méi)有同時(shí)做每件事能力，空處應(yīng)用名詞

作動(dòng)詞have的賓語(yǔ)，capacity“能力”為名詞,符合句意。故選G項(xiàng)。

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

TheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesrecommendsthatadultsdoatleast150minutesof

moderatetohigher-intensityphysicalactivityeachweek,anditshouldbein41ofatleast10minutes

eachforsubstantialhealthbenefits,whichhasledmanyto42abouttheinefficacyofbriefactivities.Why

peopletaketwominutesgoingupthestairsifmorethan10minutesis43tomakeitworthwhilefbr

health?

Butnowastudysuggestssomethingelse:goahead,takethestairs!Everyminute44toward

reachingthe150-minutegoal,whetherifspartofa10-minuteperiodofactivityornot.Thepurposeofthestudy

conductedattheUniversityofUtahwastoseeifmoderatetovigorousphysicalactivityinlessthan10-minute

episodeswas45toweightoutcomes.Thestudy,publishedintheAmericanJournalofHealthPromotion,

foundthateachminutespent46insomekindofmoderatetovigorousphysicalactivity—beitwalking

thedog,vacuuming,ortakingthestairs——wasassociatedwithlowerBMIandlowerweight.

“Theideahereis,youcandoaminuteatatimeandthat'snotaproblemJJessieFan,leadauthorofthenew

paperandafamilyandconsumerstudiesprofessorattheUniversityofUtah,toldToday.

Forthewomenwhoparticipatedinthestudy,eachminutespentinhigher-intensityactivitywasassociated

witha0.7dropinbodymassindex(BMI).Fora5*4"woman,thatmeansa-47ofnearlyhalfapound,

whichmaynotsoundlikemuch,butthat'sjustfbroneminute.Littlebylittle,theyaddup.

Theauthorsconcludedthatthecurrent10-minute48guidelinewasbasedonhealthbenefitsother

thanweightoutcomesandthattheirfindingsshowedthatforweightgain49,accumulatedhigher-

intensityphysicalactivityboutsoflessthan10minutesarequite50,supportingthemessagethat“every

minutecounts.^^

Whenitcomestoyourbrain,italsoringstrue.AnApril2019studyinJamaNetworkOpenlookedathow

exerciseaffectedthebrain,andevenshortbursts5122%greaterbrainvolume.

“Ourstudyresultsdon't52moderateorvigorousphysicalactivityasbeingimportantforhealthy

ageing.Wearejustaddingtothescience,53thatlight-intensityphysicalactivitymightbeimportanttoo,

especiallyfbrthebrain,"Dr.NicoleSpartamo,firstauthorofthestudyfromBostonUniversitysaid.

thinkit'seasierfbrpeopleto54thatmessage,9,Fansays.''Otherwise,iftheydon'thaveablock

oftimetheymightbe55,andtheydon'tdoanything.,,

41.A.figuresB.burstsC.turnsD.cheers

42.A.wonderB.supposeC.believeD.wish

43.A.alertedB.subjectedC.requiredD.committed

44.A.refersB.impressesC.revealsD.matters

45.A.opposedB.relatedC.switchedD.exposed

46.A.devotingB.adaptingC.exposingD.engaging

47.A.lossB.gainC.accumulationD.push

48.A.possibilityB.activityC.capacityD.responsibility

49.A.damagingB.protectionC.preventionD.hurting

50.A.infectiousB.comfortableC.harmfulD.beneficial

51.A.resultedinB.arosefromC.cameoutD.gavein

52.A.exaggerateB.discountC.describeD.regard

53.A.addressingB.referringC.suggestingD.mentioning

54.A.processB.selectC.storeD.ignore

55.A.deprivedB.disappointedC.depressedD.discouraged

【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.D47.A48.B49.C50.D51.

A52.B53.C54.A55.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。美國(guó)衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部建議成年人每周至少進(jìn)行150分鐘的中強(qiáng)度至高強(qiáng)度

的體育活動(dòng)，并且每次應(yīng)該有至少10分鐘的爆發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)，以獲得實(shí)質(zhì)性的健康益處，這導(dǎo)致許多人疑惑

短暫體能活是無(wú)效的，因此可能放棄運(yùn)動(dòng)。猶他大學(xué)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究表明，目前的10分鐘運(yùn)動(dòng)指南是基

于健康益處而不是體重結(jié)果，要預(yù)防體重增加，累計(jì)的少于10分鐘的高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)爆發(fā)也是非常有效的，

每分鐘的運(yùn)動(dòng)都很重要。

[41題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：美國(guó)衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部建議成年人每周至少進(jìn)行150分鐘的中強(qiáng)度至高強(qiáng)度的

體育活動(dòng)，并且每次應(yīng)該有至少10分鐘的爆發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)，以獲得實(shí)質(zhì)性的健康益處，這導(dǎo)致許多人疑惑短

暫體能活是無(wú)效的。A.figures數(shù)字;B.bursts爆發(fā)；C.tums轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);D.cheers歡呼。根據(jù)下文“Whenit

comestoyourbrain,italsoringstrue.AnApril2019studyinJamaNetworkOpenlookedathowexerciseaffected

thebrain,andevenshortburstsH22%greaterbrainvolume.（2019年4月發(fā)表在《JamaNetwork

Open》上的一項(xiàng)研究研究了運(yùn)動(dòng)如何影響大腦，即使是短暫的爆發(fā)也能使腦容量增加22%。）”可知，

bursts為復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，意為“爆發(fā)”。故選B項(xiàng)。

【42題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：美國(guó)衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部建議成年人每周至少進(jìn)行150分鐘的中度至高強(qiáng)度的身

體活動(dòng)，并且每次應(yīng)該有至少10分鐘的爆發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)，以獲得實(shí)質(zhì)性的健康益處，這導(dǎo)致許多人疑惑短暫

體能活是無(wú)效的。A.wonder琢磨，疑惑；B.suppose假設(shè)；C.believe相信；D.wish愿望。根據(jù)下文

“Whypeopletaketwominutesgoingupthestairsifmorethan10minutesis3tomakeitworthwhile

forhealth?（如果爬樓梯這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)需要花10多分鐘時(shí)間才有助于健康，為什么人們花兩分鐘上樓梯？）”可

知，對(duì)于“人們花兩分鐘上樓梯”這個(gè)短暫的體能運(yùn)動(dòng)，人們對(duì)其效果產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑？此處考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

wonderabout,意為''對(duì)……感到奇怪；對(duì)……感到疑惑”。故選A項(xiàng)。

[43題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果爬樓梯這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)需要花10多分鐘時(shí)間才有助于健康，為什么人們花兩分

鐘上樓梯？A.alerted使警覺(jué);B.subjected使經(jīng)受；C.required要求；D.committed投入。根據(jù)下文“The

study,publishedintheAmericanJournalofHealthPromotion,foundthateachminutespent6insome

kindofmoderatetovigorousphysicalactivity—beitwalkingthedog,vacuuming,ortakingthestairs-was

associatedwithlowerBMIandlowerweight.（這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《美國(guó)健康促進(jìn)雜志》上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，從事某種中

強(qiáng)度到高強(qiáng)度的體育活動(dòng)的每一分鐘一一遛狗、吸塵或走樓梯一一都與較低的BMI和較低的體重有

關(guān)。）”可知，爬樓梯屬于中強(qiáng)度到高強(qiáng)度的體育活動(dòng)：上文“anditshouldbein1ofatleast

10minuteseachforsubstantialhealthbenefits,（并且每次應(yīng)該有至少10分鐘的爆發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)，以獲得實(shí)質(zhì)性的

健康益處）”可知，爬樓梯這種強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)，“需要（required）”進(jìn)行10多分鐘才有效果，有助于健康。

故選C項(xiàng)。

【44題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)達(dá)成150分鐘的目標(biāo)來(lái)說(shuō)，每一分鐘都很重要，無(wú)論它是否是屬于那個(gè)10分

鐘（爆發(fā)運(yùn)動(dòng)）時(shí)間的一部分。A.refers提及；B.impresses留下深刻印象；C.reveals揭示；D.mailers要

緊，有關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“Theauthorsconcludedthatthecunent