江蘇省南京市、鹽城市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南京市、鹽城市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AStrawberrypickingisapopularandenjoyableactivityinPennsylvania.Thestate’sfavorableweatherandlonggrowingseasonmakeitafavoritepastimeforbothlocalsandtourists.Bricker’sStrawberriesItisafamily-ownedfarminCarlisle,PA,offeringpre-pickedandpick-your-ownberriesthroughouttheyear.Pricesrangefrom$2/poundforpick-your-ownberriesto$4.25/quartforpre-pickedberries.Openinghoursmayvarydependingontheweather,soit’sbesttochecktheirwebsitebeforeheadingouttothefarm.OakGroveFarmsOakGroveFarmsinMechanicsburg,PA,hasbeenafamily-ownedfarmsincethe1960s.Theyofferavarietyoffruits,anddeliciousbakedgoods,withstrawberriesbeingtheirspecialty.Pricesstartat$15fora4-quartcontainer.ThefarmstoreisopenMondaytoSaturdayfrom8:00a.m.to6:00p.m.forvisitorstomakeapurchase.HoneyBearOrchardsLocatedinLebanon,PA,itisafamily-ownedorchardprovidingfreshfruitstothecommunitysince1980.Withtheirfunandsafeatmosphere,youcanpickyourqualityfruitwithyourfriends.U-pickstrawberriescost$2/pound.Theyalsoofferpre-pickedstrawberriesforaslightlyhighercost.Youcanpaythroughcashorcheckonlyintheirshop.BrecknockOrchardBrecknockOrchardinMohnton,PA,isafamily-friendlyfarmwhereyoucanpickstrawberriesandenjoyotheractivitiesonthefarm.Wagon(馬車)rideorchardtourscost$8perpersonandincludebeautifultoysforkids.Thecostofstrawberrypickingstartsat$4/pound,andtheyacceptcashandcreditcards.1.WhatdeservesyourspecialattentionifyouaregoingtoBricker’sStrawberries?A.Itsopeninghours. B.Itslocation.C.Itsfruitprices. D.Itsberrytypes.2.WhatdoesOakGroveFarmsandHoneyBearOrchardshaveincommon?A.Providingshoppingservices. B.Sharinganequallylonghistory.C.Beingownedbythesamefamily. D.Havingthesamebusinesshours.3.Whichismostsuitableforafamilywithyoungchildren?A.Bricker’sStrawberries. B.OakGroveFarms.C.HoneyBearOrchards. D.BrecknockOrchard.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)提供采摘草莓活動(dòng)的果園?！即鸢浮?.A2.A3.D【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Openinghoursmayvarydependingontheweather,soit’sbesttochecktheirwebsitebeforeheadingouttothefarm.(開放時(shí)間可能會(huì)因天氣而有所不同，所以最好在去農(nóng)場(chǎng)之前查看一下他們的網(wǎng)站)”可知，如果你要去布里克草莓店，營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間值得你特別注意。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Pricesstartat$15fora4-quartcontainer.ThefarmstoreisopenMondaytoSaturdayfrom8:00a.m.to6:00p.m.forvisitorstomakeapurchase.(一個(gè)4夸脫的容器起價(jià)15美元。農(nóng)家商店的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間是周一到周六的上午8點(diǎn)到下午6點(diǎn)，供游客購(gòu)買)”以及第四段“Theyalsoofferpre-pickedstrawberriesforaslightlyhighercost.Youcanpaythroughcashorcheckonlyintheirshop.(他們還提供預(yù)先采摘的草莓，價(jià)格略高。你在他們店里只能付現(xiàn)金或支票)”可知，橡樹林農(nóng)場(chǎng)和蜜熊果園的共同之處是都提供購(gòu)物服務(wù)。故選A。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“BrecknockOrchardinMohnton,PA,isafamily-friendlyfarmwhereyoucanpickstrawberriesandenjoyotheractivitiesonthefarm.Wagon(馬車)rideorchardtourscost$8perpersonandincludebeautifultoysforkids.(賓夕法尼亞州莫恩頓的布雷克克果園是一個(gè)家庭友好型農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那里你可以摘草莓，享受農(nóng)場(chǎng)的其他活動(dòng)。乘坐馬車游覽果園的費(fèi)用為每人8美元，還包括給孩子們的漂亮玩具)”可知，布雷克克果園最適合有小孩的家庭。故選D。BWinningaremarkablescienceawardisreallyabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsopavesthewayforanexcitingnewfuture.”Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfireatHolder’sCountryInn,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectors.andyetitstillburneddown,”sheadded.Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Shayaspentoverayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatshebelievescouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Shanya’sthermal(熱的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.WithathermalcameraandaRaspberryPi,atinycomputerthedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Creatingtheprototype(原型)wasdifficultandthehardestpartwastheprogramming,“Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough.”shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformssmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Shanyawantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.“Shanyasawaproblem,wentafteritandtriedtosolveit,andthat’swhatweneedtoencouragewithallyoungpeople,”saidAjmera.Shealsohighlightedthesignificanceofsupportingindividuals,especiallygirlsandkidsofcolor,inSTEMfields,asresearchindicatesthatmanyyoungpeopledropoutoftheseareas.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutShanyafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shegainedalotofmoneyintheaward. B.Sheshowedacuriousnatureasaschooler.C.Shesetabigstageforyoungpeopleherage. D.Shewasjuniortootherwinnersinperformance.5.WhatmotivatedShanyatodevelopherfiredetectionsystem?A.Herdesiretowinthescienceaward. B.Herexperienceofadestructivefire.C.Herinterestincomputerprogramming. D.HergoaltoimproveSTEMeducationforgirls.6.WhatisanadvantageofShanya’sinvention?A.Itconsistsoftwopartsthatareeasiertoconduct.B.Itcansendoutawarningagainstapotentialfire.C.Itcandetectactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.D.Itfunctionswhenafirebreaksoutwithin10minutes.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Reliable. B.Cooperative. C.Innovative. D.Generous.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了來(lái)自加州圣何塞的中學(xué)生ShanyaGill在賽默飛世爾科學(xué)少年創(chuàng)新者挑戰(zhàn)賽中獲得了最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗O(shè)計(jì)了一種優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的火災(zāi)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)。文章介紹了這種系統(tǒng)開發(fā)背后的靈感來(lái)源以及優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！即鸢浮?.B5.B6.B7.C【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity(頂級(jí)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)弑憩F(xiàn)出了無(wú)限的好奇心)”可知，Shanya表現(xiàn)出學(xué)者好奇的天性。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.(據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，Shanya的靈感來(lái)自于2022年夏天一場(chǎng)大火燒毀了她家附近的一家餐館)”可知，經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)毀滅性的火災(zāi)促使Shanya開發(fā)她的火災(zāi)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“WithathermalcameraandaRaspberryPi,atinycomputerthedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.(該設(shè)備配有熱像儀和RaspberryPi，配有一臺(tái)微型計(jì)算機(jī)，當(dāng)熱源無(wú)人看管超過(guò)10分鐘時(shí)，它就會(huì)檢測(cè)到，并發(fā)出短信警告)”可知，Shanya的發(fā)明優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于可以發(fā)出潛在火災(zāi)的警告。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.(但是，來(lái)自加州圣何塞的中學(xué)生ShanyaGill在賽默飛世爾科學(xué)少年創(chuàng)新者挑戰(zhàn)賽中獲得了最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗O(shè)計(jì)了一種優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的火災(zāi)探測(cè)系統(tǒng))”可推知，Shanya發(fā)明了一種優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的火災(zāi)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)，說(shuō)明她很有創(chuàng)新精神。故選C。CScientistshaveshownhowplantscanprotectthemselvesagainstgenetic(基因的)damagecausedbyenvironmentalstresses.Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.Plantshavesmallpopulationsofstemcells(干細(xì)胞)atthetipsoftheirrootsandshoots,whichenablethemtocontinuouslygrowandproducenewtissuesthroughouttheirlifetime.Thesestemcellsserveasancestorsforplanttissuesandorgans.However,anygeneticfaultspresentinthestemcellswillcontinuetoexistandbepassedonpermanentlythroughouttheplant’slife,whichcouldlastthousandsofyears.Giventhecriticalroleofstemcellsandtheirexposuretopotentiallydangerousenvironmentsatthegrowingtipsofrootsandshoots,safeguardsarenecessarytopreventstemcellfaultsfrombecomingfixed.ResearchersNickFulcherandRobertSablowski,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,aimedtouncovertheseprotectivemechanisms.ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthepropagationofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues.Thisprocesshassimilaritiestothesafeguardmechanismfoundinanimalcells,whichhasbeenbroadlystudiedduetoitsrelevanceinpreventingcancer.Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.8.Whatisthefunctionofthein-builtmechanisminplants?A.Toproducemorerootsandshoots. B.Toincreasetheoveralllifetimeoftheplant.C.Toenhanceplantgrowthandnutrientintake. D.Tostopgeneticfaultsinstemcellspassingon.9.Whatcanweknowaboutstemcellsinplantsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyarerelativelyabundantinquantity. B.Theyareresistanttoenvironmentalstresses.C.TheymakequickresponsetoDNAdamage. D.TheyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagedDNA.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagation”inparagraph4mean?A.Spread. B.Change. C.Existence. D.Self-repair.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Thewayofdealingwithclimatechangeontheearth.B.Thesignificanceofidentifyingtheprotectivesysteminplants.C.Themethodofensuringplantsurvivalunderenvironmentalstress.D.Theurgencyofdevelopingplantsthatcanhandleenvironmentalstress.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)展示了植物如何保護(hù)自己免受環(huán)境壓力造成的遺傳損害，即植物擁有內(nèi)建機(jī)制，來(lái)阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去?！即鸢浮?.D9.C10.A11.B【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.(植物的根和芽的生長(zhǎng)尖端有一個(gè)內(nèi)置的機(jī)制，如果檢測(cè)到DNA損傷，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡，從而避免將有缺陷的DNA傳遞給下一代)”可知，植物內(nèi)建機(jī)制的功能是阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.(通過(guò)涉及x射線和化學(xué)物質(zhì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)干細(xì)胞比其他細(xì)胞對(duì)DNA損傷更敏感)”可知，植物中的干細(xì)胞對(duì)DNA損傷做出快速反應(yīng)。故選C?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthe”以及后文“ofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues”可知，當(dāng)DNA受損時(shí)，細(xì)胞有能力檢測(cè)到它，并導(dǎo)致程序化細(xì)胞死亡，防止受損的遺傳密碼傳播到植物組織的其他部分。故劃線詞意思是“傳播”。故選A。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.(在植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的保護(hù)系統(tǒng)在植物發(fā)育領(lǐng)域具有重要意義。它還幫助科學(xué)家培育出能夠更好地應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境壓力的植物。因此，了解植物如何應(yīng)對(duì)這些壓力對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化具有重要意義)”可知，最后一段的重點(diǎn)是識(shí)別植物保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的意義。故選B。DRecently,IaccidentallyfoundasetofHanfulonlyworeoncefromthebottomofthecupboard.Irememberbuyingthemsimplytomatchtheancient-stylehairaccessories(配飾)afriendgaveme.Itoccurredtomethat1hadbeentrappedinthe“birdcageeffect”.“Birdcageeffect”meansthatwhenyougetanitemoneday,youwillpreparemorethingstomatchit.Weeksago,Iwasinthecompanyoffriendsengagedinshopping.Onesaidthatshewantedtobuyagoodwritingpentomatchthedelicatenotebookthathersistergaveher,sothatshewouldfallinlovewithtakingnotesonreading,andthuslovereading,notjustreading.Ijokedthatshemusthavefallenforthe“birdcageeffect”.Butthefriendsaidwithasmile:“Whynotusethe‘birdcageeffect’instead?”Forthefirsttime,Iheardthatthe“birdcageeffect”canbeusedinreverse(逆向).However,thiscan’thelpbutremindmeofmiddleschool,andIseemtohaveusedthe“birdcageeffect”.Passingbyabookstoreoneday,Ipurchasedamagazineandsawthecallforcontributionspublishedinthemagazine,soIstartedwritingwitheagerhands,andthenIfellinlovewithwriting.Aftershoppingwithmyfriendsthattime,Ibegantoproceedtousethe“birdcageeffect”.Iboughtasmallfreshtableclothtodecoratemydesk,andabeautifulnotebooktorecordmyinspiration.Wheneverythingwasready,Istartedwritingagain.Buthowcanwegetridofthe“birdcageeffect”inmanythings,andevenusethe“birdcageeffect”intheoppositeway?Various“birdcages”unavoidablyappearinlife,butwecandistinguishthem.Ifitisnotinlinewiththeactualsituation,itisa“negativebirdcage”,thenwemustlearntostoplossesintimeandmaintainaheartofabandonmentandseparation.Ifitisa“positivebirdcage”thatmotivatesustodevelopupward,wecanclarifyourgoals,shopordecorateappropriately,andmotivateourselvestomovetowardsourgoals.Atthistime,youwillfindthatthe“birdcageeffect”isactuallynotsoterrible!12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theapplicationofthe“birdcageeffect”inlife.B.Thenecessityofusingthe“birdcageeffect”inlife.C.Theturningpointoftheauthor’sideaonthe“birdcageeffect”.D.Theauthor’sconflictwithherfriendoverthe“birdcageeffect”.13.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioninghermiddleschoolexperience?A.Torecallherdelightfuldaysatschool.B.Toexplainthereasonforherlovewithwriting.C.Toconfirmthepositiveofthe“birdcageeffect”.D.Toproveherknowledgeofthe“birdcageeffect”.14.Howcanwemakeuseofthe“birdcageeffect”positively?A.Byrealizingthiseffecthastwosides.B.Bypromotingourpersonalconsumption.C.Byrecognizingthiseffectisnotsoterrible.D.Byguidingouractstogowithreasonablegoals.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GettingRidoftheBirdcageEffectConfidentlyB.MotivatingOurselvestoMoveTowardsOurGoalsC.TheBirdcageEffect:InfluenceonConsumerBehaviorD.TheBirdcageEffect:HowtoUseIttoYourAdvantage【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了“鳥籠效應(yīng)”以及我們?cè)撊绾卧谏钪星‘?dāng)?shù)乩盟??！即鸢浮?2.C13.C14.D15.D【12題詳析】主旨大意題。第二段首句““Birdcageeffect”meansthatwhenyougetanitemoneday,youwillpreparemorethingstomatchit.Weeksago,Iwasinthecompanyoffriendsengagedinshopping.Onesaidthatshewantedtobuyagoodwritingpentomatchthedelicatenotebookthathersistergaveher,sothatshewouldfallinlovewithtakingnotesonreading,andthuslovereading,notjustreading.Ijokedthatshemusthavefallenforthe“birdcageeffect”.Butthefriendsaidwithasmile:“Whynotusethe‘birdcageeffect’instead?”(“鳥籠效應(yīng)”是指當(dāng)你有一天得到一件物品時(shí)，你會(huì)準(zhǔn)備更多的東西來(lái)搭配它。幾周前，我和朋友一起去購(gòu)物。有的說(shuō)，她想買一支好的寫字筆，搭配姐姐送給她的精致筆記本，讓她愛上記讀書筆記，從而愛上讀書，而不僅僅是讀書。我開玩笑說(shuō)她一定是受了“鳥籠效應(yīng)”的影響。但朋友笑道：“為什么不用‘鳥籠效應(yīng)’來(lái)代替呢？”)”可知，朋友告訴作者可以反向使用“鳥籠效應(yīng)”，作者第一次聽說(shuō)“鳥籠效應(yīng)”可以反向使用，由此可知，第二段主要講述了作者對(duì)“鳥籠效應(yīng)”的看法有了改變，第三段第一句話“Forthefirsttime,Iheardthatthe“birdcageeffect”canbeusedinreverse(逆向).(第一次聽說(shuō)“鳥籠效應(yīng)”可以反向使用)”也是〖提示〗，說(shuō)明作者對(duì)“鳥籠效應(yīng)”的看法發(fā)生了改變，故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“However,thiscan’thelpbutremindmeofmiddleschool,andIseemtohaveusedthe“birdcageeffect”.Passingbyabookstoreoneday,Ipurchasedamagazineandsawthecallforcontributionspublishedinthemagazine,soIstartedwritingwitheagerhands,andthenIfellinlovewithwriting.(不過(guò)，這不禁讓我想起了中學(xué)時(shí)代，我似乎運(yùn)用了“鳥籠效應(yīng)”。有一天路過(guò)一家書店，我買了一本雜志，看到雜志上刊登的征稿啟事，我就開始急切地開始寫作，從此我就愛上了寫作)”可知，作者運(yùn)用了“鳥籠效應(yīng)”的結(jié)果是自己愛上了寫作，這是“鳥籠效應(yīng)”給作者帶來(lái)的積極影響，由此可推知，作者提到她的中學(xué)經(jīng)歷的是為了證實(shí)“鳥籠效應(yīng)”的積極作用。故選C?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifitisa“positivebirdcage”thatmotivatesustodevelopupward,wecanclarifyourgoals,shopordecorateappropriately,andmotivateourselvestomovetowardsourgoals.(如果是一個(gè)激勵(lì)我們向上發(fā)展的“積極的鳥籠”，我們可以明確自己的目標(biāo)，適當(dāng)?shù)馁?gòu)物或裝飾，激勵(lì)自己朝著目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。)”可知，我們可以通過(guò)指導(dǎo)我們的行為去實(shí)現(xiàn)合理的目標(biāo)以此來(lái)積極利用“鳥籠效應(yīng)”，故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中““Birdcageeffect”meansthatwhenyougetanitemoneday,youwillpreparemorethingstomatchit.(“鳥籠效應(yīng)”是指當(dāng)你有一天得到一件物品時(shí)，你會(huì)準(zhǔn)備更多的東西來(lái)搭配它。)”，第三段中“Forthefirsttime,Iheardthatthe“birdcageeffect”canbeusedinreverse(逆向).(第一次聽說(shuō)“鳥籠效應(yīng)”可以反向使用)”和最后一段“Buthowcanwegetridofthe“birdcageeffect”inmanythings,andevenusethe“birdcageeffect”intheoppositeway?Various“birdcages”unavoidablyappearinlife,butwecandistinguishthem.Ifitisnotinlinewiththeactualsituation,itisa“negativebirdcage”,thenwemustlearntostoplossesintimeandmaintainaheartofabandonmentandseparation.Ifitisa“positivebirdcage”thatmotivatesustodevelopupward,wecanclarifyourgoals,shopordecorateappropriately,andmotivateourselvestomovetowardsourgoals.Atthistime,youwillfindthatthe“birdcageeffect”isactuallynotsoterrible!(但如何才能在很多事情上擺脫“鳥籠效應(yīng)”，甚至反過(guò)來(lái)利用“鳥籠效應(yīng)”呢？生活中難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的“鳥籠”，但我們可以區(qū)分它們。如果不符合實(shí)際情況，就是“負(fù)面鳥籠”，那么我們就要學(xué)會(huì)及時(shí)止損，保持一顆拋棄、分離的心。如果是一個(gè)激勵(lì)我們向上發(fā)展的“積極的鳥籠”，我們可以明確自己的目標(biāo)，適當(dāng)?shù)馁?gòu)物或裝飾，激勵(lì)自己朝著目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。這時(shí)候你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)“鳥籠效應(yīng)”其實(shí)并沒(méi)有那么可怕！)”可知，文章主要介紹了“鳥籠效應(yīng)”以及我們?cè)撊绾卧谏钪星‘?dāng)?shù)乩盟?，D項(xiàng)“鳥籠效應(yīng)：如何利用它來(lái)對(duì)你有利”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PursueYourDreamsToday,NotTomorrowHaveyoucaughtyourselfdaydreamingaboutyourdreams?Weoftenpostponeourdreams,trappedinacycleofdelay.Butwhywait?_____16_____Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.______17______Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.Itdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowmanypeoplehavewarnedyouthatyou’renevergoingtosucceed.Eventhemostsuccessfulpeoplehavehadtheirhesitationsaboutwhethertheyhadwhatittooktomakeitintheirfield.______18______Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself._____19_____.It’swhatyouwouldencourageyourfriendstodo,sowhyaren’tyougivingyourselfthatsamepush?Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon’thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.______20______Pursueyourdreamsnow,eventhoughthatmeansyoumightneedtobreakoutofyourcomfortzone,andeventhoughitmeansenteringtheunknown.A.Askyourselfwhatwouldbeworse.B.Startingsmalliscompletelyacceptable.C.Youoweittoyourselftogoafteryourdreams.D.Newopportunitiesmayleadtopersonalgrowth.E.Ifthingsgowell,youcangraduallymakefurthershifts.F.Youneedtomovepastyourinsecuritiesandexploreyourfullpotential.G.Hardasitis,it’scrucialtowaveoffthedoubtsinthebackofyourmind.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的夢(mèng)想提出了一些建議?！即鸢浮?6.B17.C18.G19.F20.E【16題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Youdon’thavetotakeahuge,life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.(你不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊?。你可以一步一步走向更光明的未?lái)?，F(xiàn)在就開始)”可知，后文提到了不需要邁出巨大的、改變?nèi)松囊徊?，可知本句是在建議從小的地方開始。故B選項(xiàng)“從小處開始是完全可以接受的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Ifyounevertry,you’regoingtobeweigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.(如果你從不嘗試，你就會(huì)被你的遺憾壓垮。你總是想知道，如果你真的給自己一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你的生活會(huì)變成什么樣子。不要讓未來(lái)的自己被現(xiàn)在的自己失望)”可知，本段的主旨是給自己一個(gè)改變生活的機(jī)會(huì)，即建議去追求自己的夢(mèng)想。故C選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該為自己去追求你的夢(mèng)想”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Embraceamindsetofdetermination,knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.(擁有一種堅(jiān)定的心態(tài)，知道成功是觸手可及的)”可知，后文提到要擁有堅(jiān)定的心態(tài)，可知要拜托懷疑的心態(tài)。故G選項(xiàng)“盡管困難重重，但擺脫心中的疑慮是至關(guān)重要的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Attheendoftheday,youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou,you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself.(在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你需要為自己開辟一條通往最大滿足感的道路。如果你讓恐懼占據(jù)了你最好的一面，你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒自己)”可知，上文提到不要讓恐懼占據(jù)了你最好的一面，即建議要克服恐懼和不安全感，來(lái)發(fā)掘潛力。故F選項(xiàng)“你需要克服你的不安全感，發(fā)掘你的全部潛力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Sometimes,followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule,butyoudon'thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.(有時(shí)候，追隨你的激情意味著每天花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間。這可能需要對(duì)你的時(shí)間表做一些調(diào)整，但你不必為了跟隨自己的內(nèi)心而犧牲一切。試著在你現(xiàn)在的生活和你的夢(mèng)想之間取得平衡)”可知，上文提到了在你現(xiàn)在的生活和你的夢(mèng)想之間取得平衡，本句為本段最后一句，故說(shuō)明這么做的結(jié)果。故E選項(xiàng)“如果一切順利，你可以逐漸做出進(jìn)一步的改變”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In2008,CalvinLowe'sfour-year-oldsonTylerneededtohaveaserioussurgery.Ontheappointeddayofthe_____21_____,heandhiswifebroughtTylertoChildren’sHospitalColoradoinDenver.“Aswesatinthewaitingroom,waitingforsomeoneto_____22_____usbacktothesurgeryarea,therewasalotof______23______inourhearts,”Loweremembered.Whenanursecalledthefamilyback,Lowe’sfears______24______.Ayoungdoctorwalkedintotheroomandtoldthecouplethathewouldbe______25______thesurgery.Asthedoctorbeganto______26______howthesurgerywouldproceed,Lowe’smindwenttotheworstpossible______27______,Butthenthedoctordidsomething______28______.HelookedbothLoweandhiswifeintheeye,puta_____29_____handoneachoftheirshoulders,andsaid,“Today,yoursonismyson.”Afterthesurgerywasover,the______30______camebackouttothefamilywithabigsmileandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucan______31______himhereinafewminutes.”Tylerisnow19yearsoldandhopestobecomeaprofessionalphotographer.Alltheseyearsafterthesurgery,Lowestill______32______theyoungdoctor’skindness.“Iwillneverforgetthat,”Lowesaid.“Becausethatwasindeeda______33______ofstressthen.Ican’ttellyouhow______34______webothwereforwhathesaidtousthatday.Itwasvery______35______andmeaningful.”21.A.injury B.accidentC.operation D.examination22.A.call B.driveC.move D.rush23.A.shock B.anxietyC.sadness D.anger24.A.faded B.grewC.appeared D.stopped25.A.receiving B.recordingC.missing D.performing26.A.learn B.discoverC.explain D.guess27.A.option B.reactionC.approach D.outcome28.A.unexpected B.confusingC.necessary D.excellent29.A.balancing B.leadingC.comforting D.directing30.A.nurse B.doctorC.patient D.photographer31.A.leave B.seeC.catch D.train32.A.passeson B.repliestoC.paysoff D.thinksabout33.A.relief B.reminderC.secret D.source34.A.eager B.proudC.grateful D.regretful35.A.helpful B.successfulC.typical D.educational【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了2008年，卡爾文·洛四歲的兒子泰勒需要做一次嚴(yán)重的手術(shù)，在他和妻子感到緊張和不安的時(shí)候，醫(yī)生說(shuō)會(huì)把他們的兒子當(dāng)做自己的兒子，這安慰到了他們，緩解了當(dāng)時(shí)緊張的情緒，卡爾文·洛十分感激?！即鸢浮?1.C22.A23.B24.B25.D26.C27.D28.A29.C30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.A【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在指定的手術(shù)日，他和他的妻子把泰勒帶到丹佛的科羅拉多兒童醫(yī)院。A.injury受傷；B.accident事故；C.operation操作，手術(shù)；D.examination檢查。根據(jù)上文“In2008,CalvinLowe'sfour-year-oldsonTylerneededtohaveaserioussurgery.(2008年，卡爾文·洛四歲的兒子泰勒需要做一次嚴(yán)重的手術(shù))”可知，此處指手術(shù)日。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)我們坐在候診室里，等著有人叫我們回手術(shù)室的時(shí)候，我們的心里充滿了焦慮，”洛回憶道。A.call呼叫；B.drive駕駛；C.move移動(dòng)；D.rush急忙。根據(jù)后文“Whenanursecalledthefamilyback”指他們?cè)诘戎腥藖?lái)叫他們回去手術(shù)室看望病人。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)我們坐在候診室里，等著有人叫我們回手術(shù)室的時(shí)候，我們的心里充滿了焦慮，”洛回憶道。A.shock震驚；B.anxiety焦慮；C.sadness悲傷；D.anger憤怒。根據(jù)上文“In2008,CalvinLowe'sfour-year-oldsonTylerneededtohaveaserioussurgery.(2008年，卡爾文·洛四歲的兒子泰勒需要做一次嚴(yán)重的手術(shù))”可知，兒子在做手術(shù)，因此父母是感到焦慮。故選B。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一名護(hù)士把這家人叫回來(lái)時(shí)，洛的恐懼越來(lái)越大。A.faded褪色；B.grew生長(zhǎng)；C.appeared出現(xiàn)；D.stopped停止。根據(jù)上文“Whenanursecalledthefamilyback,Lowe’sfears”可知，家人被叫回去，因此對(duì)兒子手術(shù)結(jié)果的恐懼越來(lái)越大了。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕的醫(yī)生走進(jìn)房間，告訴這對(duì)夫婦他將做這場(chǎng)手術(shù)。A.receiving收到；B.recording記錄；C.missing錯(cuò)過(guò)；D.performing表演，執(zhí)行。根據(jù)后文“howthesurgerywouldproceed”可知，這名醫(yī)生是執(zhí)行手術(shù)的人。故選D。【26題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)醫(yī)生開始解釋手術(shù)將如何進(jìn)行時(shí)，洛的腦子里想到了最壞的可能結(jié)果。A.learn學(xué)習(xí)；B.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.explain解釋；D.guess猜測(cè)。根據(jù)后文“howthesurgerywouldproceed”可知，醫(yī)生開始解釋手術(shù)將如何進(jìn)行。故選C。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)醫(yī)生開始解釋手術(shù)將如何進(jìn)行時(shí)，洛的腦子里想到了最壞的可能結(jié)果。A.option選擇；B.reaction反應(yīng)；C.approach方法；D.outcome結(jié)果。根據(jù)后文“Lowe’smindwenttotheworstpossible”可知，隨著醫(yī)生的解釋，洛的腦子里想到了最壞的可能結(jié)果。故選D。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是后來(lái)醫(yī)生做了一件意想不到的事。A.unexpected意外的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.necessary必要的；D.excellent出色的。根據(jù)后文“HelookedbothLoweandhiswifeintheeye,puta_________handoneachoftheirshoulders,andsaid,“Today,yoursonismyson.””可知，醫(yī)生用行為和話語(yǔ)出乎意外地安慰了他們。故選A。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他看著洛和他的妻子的眼睛，把一只安慰的手放在他們的肩膀上，說(shuō)：“今天，你的兒子就是我的兒子?！盇.balancing平衡；B.leading帶領(lǐng)；C.comforting安慰；D.directing指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)后文“handoneachoftheirshoulders,andsaid,“Today,yoursonismyson.””可知醫(yī)生的行為和話在于安慰這對(duì)夫妻。故選C?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：手術(shù)結(jié)束后，醫(yī)生帶著燦爛的笑容出來(lái)對(duì)這家人說(shuō)：“我們的兒子很好，幾分鐘后你們就可以在這里看到他了?！盇.nurse護(hù)士；B.doctor醫(yī)生；C.patient病人；D.photographer攝影師。根據(jù)上文“Today,yoursonismyson.”可知，來(lái)通知消息是剛剛那個(gè)安慰他們的醫(yī)生。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：手術(shù)結(jié)束后，醫(yī)生帶著燦爛的笑容出來(lái)對(duì)這家人說(shuō):“我們的兒子很好，幾分鐘后你們就可以在這里看到他了?！盇.leave離開；B.see看見；C.catch抓?。籇.train訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)上文“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucan”可知，手術(shù)很成功，幾分鐘后就可以看到兒子了。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：手術(shù)后這么多年，洛仍然想起那位年輕醫(yī)生的善良。A.passeson傳遞；B.repliesto回答；C.paysoff取得回報(bào)；D.thinksabout想起，思考。根據(jù)后文“theyoungdoctor’skindness”指多年后，仍然想到醫(yī)生的善舉。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槟谴_實(shí)減輕了當(dāng)時(shí)的壓力。A.relief寬慰；B.reminder提醒物；C.secret秘密；D.source來(lái)源。根據(jù)后文“andmeaningful”可知，醫(yī)生安慰的話語(yǔ)減輕了他們當(dāng)時(shí)的壓力，短語(yǔ)areliefofstress表示“緩解壓力”。故選A。【34題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無(wú)法表達(dá)我們對(duì)他那天對(duì)我們說(shuō)的話有多感激。A.eager渴望的；B.proud驕傲的；C.grateful感謝的；D.regretful后悔的。根據(jù)上文可知，醫(yī)生的話緩解了他們壓力和不安，所以是感激。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這很有幫助，也很有意義。A.helpful有幫助的；B.successful成功的；C.typical典型的；D.educational教育的。上文提到醫(yī)生的話緩解了他們的壓力，所以是有幫助的。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inrecentyears,ChinahasbeenworkinghardtoimprovelivingconditionsinruralareasthroughaprogramcalledtheNewRuralDevelopmentInitiative.______36______goalofthisinitiativeistoimproveinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施),modernizefarmingpractices,andenhancetheoverallqualityoflifeforthose______37______(live)inthecountryside.Oneimportantaspectoftheinitiativeistheimprovementofruralinfrastructure______38_