2022年上海市高二第一學(xué)期英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)講義第13講 考綱詞匯翻譯與新題型與閱讀學(xué)案

2021-2022學(xué)年高一升高二英語(yǔ)暑期講義（上海通用版）

第13講考綱詞匯翻譯&新題型與閱讀學(xué)生版

授課類(lèi)型C考綱詞匯C考綱詞匯翻譯T新題型與閱讀

授課日期及時(shí)段

教學(xué)內(nèi)容

專(zhuān)題能力提升

一、上次課考綱詞匯默寫(xiě)

高考英語(yǔ)詞組測(cè)驗(yàn)5（P49-60）

1.總工程師/總編/主廚

2.贏得冠軍頭銜

3.別無(wú)選擇，只得…

4.逐漸意識(shí)到…

5.以…為特征

6.頭等艙/經(jīng)濟(jì)艙

7.辦理住宿手續(xù);辦理飛機(jī)的搭乘手續(xù)

8.tendegreescentigrade10

9.去做禮拜

10.以支票付款

11.恢復(fù)知覺(jué)，蘇醒

12.under/innocircumstances

13.迎接挑戰(zhàn)

14.從…中挑選

15.把A比作B

16.將某物更換為同種物品的一件

17.去看電影

18.下棋

19.開(kāi)/閉幕式

20.古典音樂(lè)

21.負(fù)責(zé)，掌管

22.聲稱(chēng)…

23.錯(cuò)過(guò)機(jī)會(huì)

24.得了（重）感

25.有很多/沒(méi)有共同之處

26.連鎖店

27.陪伴某人

28.（天空）放晴

29.offthecoast

30.把A與B相結(jié)合

31.點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)

32.收臧了大量的

33.婚禮/畢業(yè)典禮/頒獎(jiǎng)典禮

34.常識(shí)

35.凡事都有兩面性

36.選擇做

37.在童年

38.（使）振奮

39.與…交流

40.…是確實(shí)的

41.偶然遇到

42.評(píng)論…

43.在平安夜

44.譴責(zé)/控告某人...

45.精通…

46.在21世紀(jì)

47.想出，找出（答案、計(jì)劃等）

48.免費(fèi)

49.炸魚(yú)加炸土豆條

50.keepthechange

高考英語(yǔ)單詞測(cè)驗(yàn)6（P61-72）

Ln.信心、confidence

2.n.1對(duì)，一雙；夫婦couple

3.vt.包含contain

4.改正，糾正；批閱（試卷等）correct

5.adj.有創(chuàng)造力的creative

6.adv.完全地completely

7.n.合作cooperation

8.v.貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)contribute

9.n.堂（或表）兄弟；堂（或表）姐妹cousin

10.n.競(jìng)賽competition/contest

11.n.棉花cotton

12.n.音樂(lè)會(huì)concert

13.vt.抄寫(xiě)，復(fù)??；模仿copy

14.adj.方便的convenient.

15.n.封面cover

16.n.炊具cooker

17.consultvt.請(qǐng)教,咨詢(xún)，查閱

18.conceptn.概念；觀念

19.conflictn.沖突

20.conductvt.進(jìn)行（實(shí)驗(yàn)等）；指揮（樂(lè)團(tuán)）；導(dǎo)（電、熱等）

21.congratulationn.祝賀，道喜

22.composevt.組成;創(chuàng)作（樂(lè)曲、詩(shī)歌等）

23.criticaladj.批評(píng)的，評(píng)論的；危急的；至關(guān)重要的

24.concerningprep.關(guān)于

25.confessvt.承認(rèn)，坦白

26.creaturen.生物（動(dòng)物或人）

27.continuousadj.不斷的

28.complaintn.抱怨；投訴

29.costly昂貴的；代價(jià)高的

30.connectionn,連接；聯(lián)系

31.considerableadj.（數(shù)量、程度等）相當(dāng)大的，可觀的

32.crisisn.危機(jī)

33.contextn.上下文，語(yǔ)境

34.confirmvt.證實(shí),確認(rèn)

35.conquervt.征服，攻克；克服（困難），革除（壞習(xí)慣）

36.conveyvt.運(yùn)送，傳送；傳遞，傳達(dá)（思想、感情、信息等）

37.constantadj.不斷的;經(jīng)常的

38.conferencen.（正式的）會(huì)議

39.crashvi.（飛機(jī)）墜毀；（汽車(chē)）碰撞

40.comparisonn.比較

41.continentn.大陸，大洲

42.confusionn.混淆，混亂；閑惑，糊涂

43.consumevt.消耗，消費(fèi);吃完，喝光

44.crew（車(chē)、船、飛機(jī)上的）全體工作人員

45.contractn.合同

46.computerizevt：使電腦化

47.concludev.下結(jié)論稱(chēng)；結(jié)束

48.complicatedadj.復(fù)雜的

49.contentn.（常~s）內(nèi)容；（常~s）目錄；含量；滿足，滿意

50.criminaln.罪犯

專(zhuān)題能力提升

B字母重難點(diǎn)梳理

翻譯同步練習(xí):

B字母重難點(diǎn)梳理

翻譯同步練習(xí)：

1.高頻單詞before

1.與我們預(yù)料的相反，學(xué)生們組織的游樂(lè)會(huì)是如此地有趣，不知不覺(jué)2個(gè)小時(shí)就過(guò)去了。（before）（14青浦一模）

2.不久以后，一些藥品的價(jià)格就會(huì)再一次下調(diào)。（before）（13松江一模）

3.請(qǐng)完成作業(yè)后再和你的朋友聊天。（before）（12二模）

4.在孩子們能夠表達(dá)或理解一門(mén)語(yǔ)言之前的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，他們靠面部表情和發(fā)出噪聲和大人們交流。（before）（12奉賢

一模）

5.兩周以后她才從事故的恐懼中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。（before）（11閘北二模）

6.你不會(huì)等很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間意味著過(guò)不了多久下一班車(chē)就來(lái)了。（before）（11崇明二模）

7.進(jìn)入?yún)擦植贿h(yuǎn)，只見(jiàn)一條清澈的小溪映入了我們的眼簾。（before）（15嘉定一模）

8.必須清楚地意識(shí)到自己的長(zhǎng)處和短處之后，才能合理的制定人生目標(biāo)，無(wú)怨無(wú)悔地為之奮斗。（before）（2015年閘

北二模）

9.趁一切還來(lái)得及，去贊美你愛(ài)著、關(guān)心著的人吧。（before）（16奉賢二模）

2.高頻單詞belief

1.因?yàn)槿藗儓?jiān)信食物對(duì)健康是至關(guān)重要的，所以好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類(lèi)和蔬菜之間取得平衡。

（belief）

3.高頻單詞because

1.由于粗心的新郎把那枚代表著愛(ài)情恒久遠(yuǎn)的鉆戒落在了車(chē)上，所以新娘很不高興。（Because）（13青浦一模）

2.中國(guó)達(dá)人秀（ChinaTalentShow）吸引了成千上萬(wàn)名各個(gè)年齡層的人，因?yàn)樗o普通人以展示自我的機(jī)會(huì)。（because）

（12盧灣一模）

4.高頻單詞busy

I.他正忙著準(zhǔn)備面試。（busy）。1靜安、楊浦、青浦、寶山二模）

2.整個(gè)周末他都在忙著復(fù)習(xí)備考，只在吃飯的時(shí)候才歇一歇。（busy）（II徐匯、松江一模）

5.高頻單詞base

1.這部電影的故事情節(jié)是根據(jù)真人改編的。（base）（11奉賢二模）

2.基于真實(shí)故事的小說(shuō)往往更能感動(dòng)人心。（base）（15奉賢一模）

6.其它考點(diǎn)

I.我敢肯定新政府將投資一大筆錢(qián)用以改善公共設(shè)施。（bet）（13青浦一模）

2.他若是想在下一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)奪金的話，就要提高他的技術(shù)水平。（betodo）（13金山一模）

3.由誰(shuí)來(lái)為這次事故承擔(dān)責(zé)任？（blame）（12虹口一模）

4.簡(jiǎn)單的生活方式有利于環(huán)保。（benefit）（12浦東一模）

5.等這條鐵路延伸至那座偏遠(yuǎn)的小城之后，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)一定會(huì)得到迅猛的發(fā)展。（bythetime）（12嘉定一模）

6.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)以來(lái)，已經(jīng)消耗了相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間和資金，但所有的任務(wù)能否按時(shí)完成還有待進(jìn)一步觀察。（but）（15徐

匯一模）

7.我們希望上海所有的博物館能向兒童和老人免費(fèi)開(kāi)放。（befreeto）（11普陀二模）

8.我是在一家二手書(shū)店里買(mǎi)的這本英漢詞典。（buy）（11虹口二模）

9.暗淡的燈光和柔和的音樂(lè)會(huì)營(yíng)造出浪漫的氣氛。（besupposed）（11長(zhǎng)寧一模）

10將來(lái)過(guò)怎樣的生活取決于你自己。（beupto）（14年上海高考真題）

11代表受害者，他期望社會(huì)給予他們更多的理解和幫助。（behalf）（14年崇明二模）

12.街頭藝術(shù)家運(yùn)用創(chuàng)意將鮮艷明亮的色彩帶進(jìn)了老社區(qū)。（bring）（2015年上海高考真題）

13.語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用需要足夠的詞匯量為基礎(chǔ)。(base)(2015年閘北二模)

Passage1

Forgiveness

Toforgiveisavirtue,butnoonehaseversaiditiseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficultto

letgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,anditcanbesurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

Peoplewhoforgiveshowlesssadness,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,accordingtoarecentresearch.

_1_Trythefollowingsteps：

Calmyourself.—2—Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulscenein

nature,orsomeoneyoulove.

Don'twaitfbranapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurt

youortheyjustdon'tseethingsthesameway.—3_Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecoming

friendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender（冒犯者）.Rethinkingaboutyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyou

pain.Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou.

—4―Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove.

Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender'spointofview.

Don'tforgettoforgiveyourself.—5—Butitcanrobyouofyourselfconfidenceifyoudon'tdoit.

A.Whyshouldyouforgive?

B.Howshouldyoustarttoforgive?

C.Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.

D.Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender'sangle.

E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.

F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestressmanagementtechnique.

G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.

Passage2

Urbanization

Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywas

probablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.—1_Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（鄉(xiāng)村的）

villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory-asocietyinwhichthe

majorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.

Britainwasonlythebeginning.—2—Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（遷徙）ofpeoplefromthecountrysideto

thecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.

In1900,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%

liveonfarms._3—

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookabout

ninetyfivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.4Untilmodemtimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlythe

rulingelite（精英）andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwere

limitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfrom

farmtocity.

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.—5—Today,

insteadofneedingninetyfivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-

farmers.

A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.

B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.

C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.

D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.

E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.

F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.

G.Modemcitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.

Passage3

Maketherightchoices

Whatislife'sgreatestgift?—1—Choiceistheabilitytoselectonecourseofactionfromasetofalternativestoachieve

agoal.Whatissogreataboutchoice?Ittransformsusfromdumbanimalsintoartists.Eachofusbecomesanother

Michelangelo.Choicebecomesnothingotherthanthetoolweusetosculpt（雕亥ij）ourlife.Thetooldoesn'tcomefree,

however,forthepriceofchoiceisresponsibility.—2—Therewardishappiness.

Lifeisnotstill.ltisaflow._3_Weconstantlyneedtomonitorwhereweareonourjourney.Weneedtoaskquestions：Am

Imovingclosertomygoals?Ifnot,whatcorrectivemeasurescanItake?WhatactionwillItakenowtoreadjustmyselftomy

goals?Choiceispower.Choiceisattheheartoflife.Itisthecreativepoweroflife.

—4—Andyourlifebecomesmoreconvenientorcomfortablebecauseofthem.Forexample,youdecidewhichstorestoshop

atandwhichgasstationtogoto.Butthedecisionsthatwemaketosculptourlifearefarmoreimportantthandecidingwhere

toshop.Themoreweappreciatethedifferencebetweenminorandmajordecisions,thegreatertheprobabilitythatwewill

experiencehappinessandfulfillment.

Allchessloversrealizethatitisn'tnecessarytowintoenjoythegame.Thepleasureisintheplaying.Lifeislikeachess

game.—5—

A.Itisfreewillorchoice.

B.Youhavetomakechoiceseveryday.

C.Makethebestmovesyoucanunderthecircumstances.

D.Butwhenweacceptandcarryitout,wegetagreatreturn.

E.Everychoicewemakeleadsusclosertoorfartherfromourgoals.

F.Lifeisfullofhardchoices,andthebiggertheyare,thehardertheyget.

G.Choosetocarryoutresponsibilitiesnotbecauseyouhaveto,butbecauseyouwantto.

Passage4

Anycaraccidentisfrightening,butanaccidentinwhichyourvehicleisthrownintothewater,withyoutrappedinside,is

absolutelyterrifying.—1—However,mostdeathsresultfrompanic,withoutaplanorunderstandingwhatishappeningtothe

carinthewater.Byadoptingabrace（支撐）position,actingdecisivelyandgettingoutfast,youcansaveyourselffroma

sinkingvehicle.

Braceyourselfforimpact（撞擊力）.Assoonasyou'reawarethatyou'regoingofftheroadandintoabodyofwater,adopta

braceposition.Theimpactcouldsetofftheairbagsysteminyourvehicle,soyoushouldplacebothhandsonthesteering

wheelinthe“tenandtwo“position.

Undoyourseatbelt.—2_Unbucklethechildren,startingwiththeoldestfirst.Forgetthecellphonecall.Yourcarisn*tgoing

towaitforyoutomakethecall.

—3―Leavethedooraloneatthisstageandconcentrateonthewindow.Acar'selectricalsystemshouldworkforuptothree

minutesinwater,sotrythemethodofopeningitelectronicallyfirst.Manypeopledon'tthinkaboutthewindowasanescape

optioneitherbecauseofpanicormisinformationaboutdoorsandsinking.

Breakthewindow.Ifyouaren'tabletoopenthewindow,oritonlyopenshalfway,you'llneedtobreakitwithanobjector

yourfoot.Itmayfeelcounlerintuitive（有悖常理的）toletwaterintothecar.—4—

Escapewhenthecarhasequalized.Ifithasreachedthedramaticstagewherethecarcabinhasbeenfilledwithwaterandit

hasbecomebalanced,youmustmovequicklyandeffectivelytoensureyoursurvival.—5_Whilethereisstillairinthecar,

takeslow,deepbreathsandfocusonwhatyou'redoing.

A.Openthewindowassoonasyouhitthewater.

B.Survivingasinkingcarisnotasdifficultasyouthink.

C.Ittakes60to120secondsforacartofillupwithwaterusually.

D.Suchaccidentsareparticularlydangeroustotheriskofdrowning.

E.Inconclusion,ifyouknowwhattodointhewater,youwillbesafe.

F.Thisisthefirstthingtoattendto,yetitoftengetsforgotteninthepanic.

G.Butthesoonerthewindowisopen,thesooneryoucanescapedirectlythroughit.

FormostthinkerssincetheGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,something

thatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchan

essenceexists-thatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarational

being,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.（第一段文字主要講述對(duì)人性的傳統(tǒng)

的看法。）

Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.（這句話是承上啟下哦。接下來(lái)開(kāi)始分析傳統(tǒng)看法被

challenge的原因）Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.（原因

之一：主題句,其中關(guān)鍵字眼是historicalapproach）Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninour

epochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadin

commonsomethingthatcanbecalled“humannature."Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnited

States,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology.Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityof

customs,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetof

paperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixed

humannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.In

thenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinorder

toprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,

competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnatehumantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto"humannatureninacceptingthe

inevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.

Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablyliesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.

（原因之二：主題句：關(guān)鍵字眼是evolutionarythinking）Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,

theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionary

standpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.

Summary:

寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)可以采用下列幾種小技巧：

1）刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。

2）把長(zhǎng)段的描述變成短小、簡(jiǎn)單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個(gè)句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句

即可。

3）避免重復(fù)。在原文中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)主題，可能會(huì)重復(fù)論證說(shuō)明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些

突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。

4）壓縮長(zhǎng)的句子。如下列兩例：

“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.^^

可以概括為："Hewasverybraveinbattle.”

“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.^^

可以概括為：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”

5）你還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：

"BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.

Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthem

withinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.”

可以概括為：^BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,thanksto

betterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbettertransportationservices.^^

6）使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如：

“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.She

intendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.”

可以概括為：“Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthevocation.”

7）使用最短的連接詞。

比如，可以使用but,then,thus,yet,though,不能使用atthesametime,inthefirstplace,becauseofthese,ontheotherhand

等較長(zhǎng)的連接詞。通常，使用分號(hào)就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。

8）文章中的第一人稱(chēng)說(shuō)的話通常在摘要中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱(chēng)，從而把大段的對(duì)白簡(jiǎn)化，比如：

KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:Youusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul—it'snotgoodfbryou!^^Paulputdownhis

knifeandfi*owned:"Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn'thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful...likeeatingcardboardor

sand...justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!^^Katewaspatient.Shedidn'twantto

quarrelwithPaul.Shewantedtopersuadehim.Shesaidtoomuchsaltisbadfbryou.Itcausehighbloodpressure

andlatteron,heart-attacks.Italsodisguisesthetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhich

wehavelostthesensitivitytoappreciateanymore.^^

可以用第三人稱(chēng)概括為：

KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt.ShethoughtthateatingtoomuchsaltwoulddoharmtoPaul'shealthand

thatitcouldreducetherealtastesoffood.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

課后作業(yè)

一、做翻譯句子

二、

SectionC?

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecan

beusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentences.

A.Berelevanttoyouraudience

B.Expressingtheirhappinessatbeingthereisunnecessaryaswell.

C.Focusononetheme,andeliminateeverythingelse.

D.Afterall,trytoenjoytheexperience.

E.Relyonyourownjudgmentwhendecidingwhattotalkabout.

F.Youshouldfirstshowyourgratitudetoyouraudiences.

Howtogiveagreatspeech?

ForgetfancyPowerPointpresentationsandloadsofdata.Instead,keepyourspeechsimple,withaclearbeginning,middle

andend.(67)_________"Speechesareaninefficientformofcommunication,saysNickMorgan,thepresidentofPublic

Words,Inc."Peopledon'tremembermuchofwhattheyhear,sofocusandkeepitsimple.,,

Usestories.44Peoplestrugglesohardwritingspeecheswhenalltheyhavetodoisfindamessageandthreegreatstoriesto

proveit,“saysJanePraeger,aColumbiaUniversityprofessorandthepresidentofthespeechpresentationandcoachingfirm.

“Thosespeechesarealsoeasiertodeliverbecauseyoucanrecallastoryfrommemoryandtellitfromyourheart.^^

(68)_______Askyourselfwhatproblemtheaudiencewantstosolve,andtalkaboutthatproblemfirst,"Thenandonly

then,talkaboutwhatyouaregoodatasthesolutiontothatproblem,saysMorgan.44Audiencesstartoffbyaskingwhy.Why

amIhere?WhyshouldIcare?Ifyouanswerthosequestionsearly,thenthey'llaskhow.Yourjobistoanswerthewhy

questionfirstandthenaddressthehow.^^

Dropthethankyou,andjumprightin.Peopleoftenmakethemistakeofstartingspeechesbythankingtheintroducer.

(69)________''Instead,jumprightinwithaframingstorythatsuggestswhatthetopiciswithoutgivingitallaway,astatistic,

aquestionorsomekindofinteractionwiththeaudience,saysMorgan.

Practiceyourspeechbeforehand.uYouwoulddobetterpracticingintheshowerandrunninghtespeechinyourheadrather

thanpracticinginfrontofamirror,whichisdistracting,Praegersays."Youdohavetopracticeoutloud,hopefullywitha

smallaudience.:

(70)_______"Therealsecretistolovewhatyou'redoinginthatmoment,''saysMorgan."Ifyoucanrelaxandbehappy

aboutbeingthere,theaudiencewillfeelthatway,too.u

SummaryWriting：

Directions:Pleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60words.

NewSolutiontoComputerTheft

“Getyourhandsoffme,Ihavebeenstolen,thelaptop,aportablecomputer,shouted.Thatisanewsolutiontolaptop

computertheft:aprogramthatletsownersgivetheirpropertyavoicewhenithasbeentaken.

Theprogramallowsuserstodisplayalertsonthemissingcomputer'sscreenandeventosetaspokenmessage.Tracking

softwareforstolenlaptopshasbeenonthemarketforsometime,butthisisthoughttobethefirstthatallowsownerstogive

thethiefapieceoftheirmind.

Ownersmustreporttheirlaptopmissingbyvisitingawebsite,whichsendsamessagetothemodel:aredandyellow"lost

orstolen^^signappearsonitsscreenwhenitisstarted.Underthelatestversion（版本）ofthesoftware,userscanalsosenda

spokenmessage.

Themessagecanbesettoreappearevery30seconds,nomatterhowmanytimesthethiefclosesit."Onecustomersenta

messagesaying/Youarebeingtracked.Iamrightatyourdoor',"saidCarrieHafeman,chiefexecutiveofthecompanywhich

producestheprogram,Retriever.

Inthelatestversion,peoplecanaddaspokenmessage.Forexample,thelaptop'sspeakerswillsay:"Help,thislaptopis

reportedlostorstolen.Ifyouarenotmyowner,reportmenow.”

TheRetrieversoftwarepackage,whichcosts$29.95buthasafreetrialperiod,hasthefunctionsofmanysecuritysoftware

programs.Ownerscanremotelyswitchtoanalternativepasswordiftheyfearthatthethiefhasalsogotholdoftheaccess

details.

Ifathiefaccessestheinternetwiththestolenlaptop,Retrieverwillcollectinformationontheinternetserviceproviderin

use,sothatthepolicecanbealertedtoitslocation.

T

Summary如何寫(xiě)（III）■?說(shuō)明文

OnEarth,there'snodoubtthattheyhavehighlydevelopedsensestostayaliveandthrive.Butwhilesomeoftheir

featuresmaybecomparedtotaste,sight,touchandsmellinhumans,haveyoueverwondered-canplantsIhink?（這是整篇文

章作者想要解決的問(wèn)題）

Onland,thecumulativemassofplantsis1000timeshigherthanthatofanimals.Buttheseplantsareimmobileandcan't

movearoundintheirenvironment;whichis,seemingly,aprettybigevolutionarydisadvantage.Thishasforcedplantstoadapt

inamazingwaysthatoftengounnoticedbythenakedeye.

Smellsomethingfunny?Plantsdotoo-andtheyreacttothesechemicalsintheair.Forexample,whenfruitsstarttoripen,

theyreleaseachemicalcalledethylene.Andwhenneighboringfruitssensethispheromone,theyripenfaster,sothatallfruits

matureatthesametime.

Plantsalsogiveoffscenlswhichallraclinscclslospreadiheirpollen.Inparticular,theamazingcarrionflowersgrowtiny

hairs,feelwarmandsmelllikerottingfleshinanattempttomimicadeadcorpse.Thisistoattractfliesandbeetlesas

pollinators.Oniheotherhand,whenaplan、isattackedbyaninsecl,animalorpalhogen,itk