世界銀行-記錄時間差距：基于智能手機和回憶的時間使用測量方法的比較研究（英）

PublicPublicDisclosureAuthoPolicyResearchWorkingPaper10695WORLDBANKGROUP2.每日分享：6+份行研精選、3個行業(yè)主題2.每日分享：6+份行研精選、3個行業(yè)主題4.嚴禁廣告：僅限行業(yè)報告交流，禁止一切無關信息報告僅限社群個人學習，如需它用PolicyResearchWorkingPaper106952–f34fff5ff6Table1.Distributionofhouseholdsacrossdistricts,bytreatmentarm7Figure1.OverviewoffieldorganizationandvisitstodifferenttreatmentarmsT1:smartphonetimediaryusingTimeTrackerAPPT2:timeusediarywitha24-hourrecallDay1Day2Day3Day4Day5Day6Day7Day8Day9DayDay10Day11Training:physicalactivitytrackercoreHouseholdQcoreIndividualQsmartphoneappdeploymentEnumeratorcheck-inEnumeratorcheck-inEnumeratorcheck-insurveymodulesontimeuse&agencyassetvignettespickupphysicalactivitytrackers7-dayrecallinterviewFIESmodule(individual-level)TrainingphysicalactivitytrackercoreHoueholdQcoreIndividualQEnumeratorcheck-inEnumeratorcheck-in24-hourtimeusediaryEnumeratorcheck-in24-hourtimeusediarysurveymodulesontimeuse&agencyassetvignettespickupphysicalactivitytrackers24-hourtimeusediary7-dayrecallinterviewFIESmodule(individual-evel)8fTable2.Descriptivestatistics,bytreatmentarm9 0.32* 4.940.15 Figure2.OverviewofTimeTrackerAndroidsmartphoneapp(2a)Mainscreen(2b)Pop-upwindowsPictured:agriculturalactivitiesRunningtimerwhenactivityisselectedPop-up:FoodPop-up:whomPop-up:FoodPop-up:satisfactionFigure3.FieldexperiencewithsmarfTable3.Participationandtime(minutes)inactivities,bytreatmentarm(Day5match)services/ Table4.Gendergaps(women–men)inactivities,bytreatmentarm(Day5match)services/ 000Figure4.Kerneldensityestimatesfordailyminutesinkeyactivitycategories,bytreatmentarmandgenderTable5.Sharesofsmartphonediaryentrieslastingforlessthan15minutesineachaggregateactivitycategory,bygenderyijk=a+βRecall+yxij+δ1Ak+δ2Dijk+εijk(1)Table6.Treatmenteffectsof24-hourrecalldiaryonparticipationanddailytimeallocation-0.08***-0.08***-0.03*-0 -0.03-0.13***-0.0-0.00-0.06* -0.06**-0.21***-0.19***-0.04** -0.10***0. 73.3***Table7.Averagedailyunconditionalminutesacrossactivitycategoriesaccordingto7-dayrecall,24-hourrecall,andsmartphonediary work:CareTable8.Overalltreatmenteffectsofsmartphoneand24-hourrecallapproachescomparedto7-dayrecallfFigure5.Localpolynomialsmoothplots:shareofactivitiesreportedatdifferenttimesofthedayTable9.Minutesspentwithinthedayacrosskeyactivitycategories,bytreatmentarm 25.1***49.6*** 61.7*** 82.6***Figure6.Kerneldensitygraphs:timeofsleepformenandwomentransport.22fTable10.Averageshareofrespondentsconductingdistinctactivitiestogetherwithinaday(pairwisedistribution),womenservices/elderlysservices/services/Table11.Averageshareofrespondentsconductingdistinctactivitiestogetherwithinaday(pairwisedistribution),meneservices/elderlysservices/Table12.Descriptivestatisticsonsimultaneityofactivitiesbytreatmentarm Table13.Smartphonedata:averagedailytime(mins),andshareofdailytime,spentinpassivecareacrossnon-careandnon-sleepactivitiesAllnon-careandnon-sleepactivitiesAllnon-careandnon-sleepactivitiesTable14.Treatmenteffects:effectofrecallarmonaveragedailyparticipationandsharedtime(minutes)inconductingdifferentactivitiessimultaneously ffrAppendixAppendixFigureA1.24-HourRecallTimeUseDiaryAdaptedfromtheIFPRIWomen’sEmpowermentinAgricultureIndexTimeUseModuleAppendixFigureA2.7-DayStylizedRecallModuleAppendixTableA1.Activitylistandpop-upsintheTimeTrackerSmartphoneapp,alongwithChichewatranslationsincludedascaptionstoimages(1)ActivitiesTypeofactivityChichewaTranslation1.Marketwork:agriculture(Ntchitozaulimi)AgriculturalFishingortendingtolivestockCrops:landclearingandpreparation,manualCrops:clearingland,withanimalCrops:planting,manualCrops:manualwateringCrops:pumpingwater,usingpumpCrops:weeding,manualCrops:fertilizerapplication/pesticide,manualCrops:harvesting,manualCrops:dryingandstorageCrops:processing,manualCrops:processing,mechanicalZaulimikuwedzansomba/kuwetaziwetoKulimandimanjaKulimandiziwetoKubyzalandimanjaKuthilirandivavakuthilirandipompiKupalirandimanjaKuthirafetereza/mankhwalandimanjaKukolorandimanjaKuyanikandikusungakukonzandimanjakukonzandimakina2.Marketwork:otheractivities(Ntchitozina)OtheractivitiesServiceoroffice-relatedoccupationsNtchitoZinaNtchitozamaofesindizinaNtchitozamanja/Ganyu,kapenantchitoyopangaManual/ganyulaborormanufacturingSellinggoodsinmarketGatheringfoodstuffs,huntingzinthuzinaKugulitsazinthu(katundu)kumsikaKusonkhanitsazakudya,kusaka3.Unpaidwork(forone'sownhousehold)(Ntchitozapakhomo)ShoppingCooking,cleaninginhouseCollectingfuel/firewoodCollectingwaterKugulazinthuNtchitozapakhomoKukatolankhunikutungamadziKusoka/kulukaMalaya,kulukadengu,basiketi,Stitching/knitting,weavingbasketsandmatsBuildingandrepairsMaintenanceofvehicles,electronicsHouseholdfinancesmkekandikusokamphasaKukonzazipangizozoononekazapanyumbaKukonzagalimoto,zamagetsichumachapakhomoKusamaliraachikulirendianthuakuluotiCareofelderlyandsickadultsCareofchildrenVisitbankorofficeforservicesDiscussionwithsurveyteamakudwalaKusamaliraanakukapezathandizokubankkapenakuofficeKukambiranandiakafukufuku4.TransportWalking,nothaulingheavyloadWalking,haulingheavyloadRunningKuyenda,osanyamulakatunduolemetsaKuyendautanyamulakatunduolemetsaKuthamangaNjingayakapalasa,yosanyamulakatunduBicycle,nothaulingheavyloadBicycle,haulingheavyloadMotorbike,nothaulingheavyloadMotorbike,haulingheavyloadolemetsaNjingayakapalasa,yonyamulakatunduolemetsaNjingayamoto,yosanyamulakatunduolemetsaNjingayamoto,yonyamulakatunduolemetsaGalimoto/thirakitala/ngolo/Bus,yosanyamulaTruck/tractor/oxcart/bus,nothaulingheavyloadkatunduolemetsaGalimoto/thirakitala/ngolo/Bus,yonyamulaTruck/tractor/oxcart/bus,haulingheavyloadBicycle,aspassengerMotorcycle,aspassengerkatunduolemetsaNjingayakapalasa,yokwezedwaNjingayamoto,yokwezedwa5.Schooling(Kuphunzira)StudyingoutsideofschoolAtschoolKuphunzirakunjakwasukuluKuphunzirakusukulu6.Leisure(Zisangalaro)ReadingforleisureUsingdevicesResting/doingnothingChattingwithothersinside/outsidethehouseholdCelebrationsReligiousactivitiesExercise/playinggamesKuwerengakugwiritsantchitozipangizozamakonoKupumulaKuchezandienapakhomo/kunjakwakhomoZisangalaloZamapempheroMaseweraolimbitsathupi7.Communitymeetings/activities(Misonkhano/Ntchitozachituko)PublicworksprojectsKugwiranawontchitozakuderaLocalcommunitymeetingskukhalanayopamisonkhanoyakudera8.Personalcare/health(Ukhondo)Personalcare(bathing,dressing,etc)Sick/notactive:athomeSick/notactive:inhealthcarecenterZaukhondo(kusamba/kuvalaetc)KudwalirapakhomoKudwalirakuchipatala9.Sleep(Kugona)SleepKugona10.Eating(Kudya)Eating/drinkingkudya/KumwaPop-upChichewaTranslation1.Pop-up:whowaspresent(appearedaftereachactivitywasended;canselectmultiple)(Munalindindani)Man/menaged18andolderWoman/womenaged18andolderChildrenbelowage10Childrenage10-17BymyselfMamunawazaka18kapenakuposelaapoMkaziwazaka18kapenakuposelaapoAnaochepelazaka10Anaamenealindizaka10-17Pandekha2.Pop-up:foodgroups,iffoodwasselected(canselectmultiple(Maguluazakudya(muthakusankhazingapo)CerealsRoots/tubersVegetablesFruitsMeatsEggsFish/seafoodPulses/legumes/nutsMilkproductsOils/fatsSugar/honeyTea/coffee,spicesGululatiriguMitsitsiZamasambaZipatsoNyamaMaziraNsombaZagululanyemba