高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)課件

一．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一種特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以理解為一個(gè)在句中做的短語(yǔ)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。其位置靈活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗號(hào)將其與句子分開(kāi)。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要有兩局部構(gòu)成：邏輯主語(yǔ)和邏輯謂語(yǔ)。作為邏輯主語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)等作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)名詞或代詞結(jié)構(gòu):名詞/代詞+非謂語(yǔ)〔doing&todo&done〕形容詞&副詞介詞短語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)Takingyourageintoconsideration,You’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(邏輯主語(yǔ)you)(邏主yourage)(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過(guò)去分詞done

&現(xiàn)在分詞doing)當(dāng)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常放在句首。1.________________,theyleftthemeeting–room.〔問(wèn)題解決了〕〔settle〕2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(時(shí)間允許的話)(permit)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在頭下)__________________________(cross)ThisproblemsettledTimepermittinghishandscrossedunderhishead.(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他媽媽生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子凍得通紅)___________________〔red〕(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋〔being)副詞Heputonhissocks，_____________.〔反的一面在外面〕(out)Hismother(being)illhisnoseredwithcold.wrongsideout(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.__________________________(最后一個(gè)人的到來(lái))，ourpartywasstarted.（arrive）CThelastguesttoarrive〔Ⅴ〕名詞／代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,_________________.(手上一本書)2.____________________thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗幟〕bookinhandFlagonshoulder(Ⅵ)有些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有分詞，僅

在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)

的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡(jiǎn)練。但在

“being+過(guò)去分詞”或“therebeing＋

過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，being不可省。1.________________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐結(jié)束后)〔over〕2.__________________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(沒(méi)有鬧鐘的原因)3._____________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房間正在被油漆)Breakfast(being)overTherebeingnocauseforalarmTheroombeingpaintednow二．With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞副詞名詞介詞短語(yǔ)v-ingv-edtodo主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行被動(dòng)、完成將要發(fā)生邏輯主語(yǔ)〔Ⅰ〕with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaroundA1.,theweatherisbecominghotterandhotter.隨著夏天的到來(lái)，天氣越來(lái)越熱。2.

，shefeltabituneasy.老師站在旁邊，她覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)不自然。WithsummercomingWiththeteacherstandingbeside活學(xué)巧用(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過(guò)去分詞。用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作。Inthereading-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__

onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofixC1.

,shefeltgreatlyrelieved.工作完成了，她大大地松了一口氣。2.

,helooksmuchyounger.理了頭發(fā)，他顯得年輕多了。WiththeworkdoneWithhishaircut活學(xué)巧用(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

1.Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

C2.因?yàn)橛刑嗟淖鳂I(yè)要做，所以我們不能出去玩。Withsomuchworktodo,wecan’tgoouttoplay.(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。

Shesleepswiththewindowopen.她開(kāi)著窗戶睡覺(jué).她父母死了，那女孩只好輟學(xué)。Withherparentsdead,thegirlhadtoleaveschool.

(V)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)。

1.Hesleeps.(手上拿著一本書〕2.Agirlgotonthebus.〔脖子上帶著條項(xiàng)鏈〕withabookinhishand.withanecklacearoundherneckThegirllookedupwithtearsinhereyes.

那女孩眼淚汪汪地抬起頭。(ⅤI)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。__

productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.ThroughC1.Thesquarelooksmorebeautiful

.所有的燈都亮?xí)r，廣場(chǎng)顯得更加美麗。

,Tombecomesmorenaughty.父母不在，湯姆變得更淘氣?；顚W(xué)巧用withallthelightson2.Withhisparentsaway三．with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化〔Ⅰ〕with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z(yǔ)從句或并列句。〔１〕作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.〔２〕作原因狀語(yǔ)

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語(yǔ)

Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)

構(gòu)那么不可作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.

=Soonshearrivedataparkwhose

grasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.__

tenminutes__

beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__

thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because活學(xué)巧用4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__

hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__

sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__

andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,

thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__

arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，咱們常常對(duì)此感到頭疼。其實(shí)只要理解并掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種形式的特點(diǎn)，做起題來(lái)會(huì)很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式后，做題時(shí)可分四步分析。

指點(diǎn)迷津一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___

manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

CA二、分析邏輯主語(yǔ)

確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)一致。假設(shè)不一致，那么須加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.

2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

AD三、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)

分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

AB四、分析時(shí)態(tài)，在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問(wèn)題，即時(shí)態(tài)。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

CBD看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合1.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_____