高中英語語法-獨立主格結構課件

一．獨立主格結構獨立主格結構是一種特殊的結構，可以理解為一個在句中做的短語，用于修飾整個句子。其位置靈活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗號將其與句子分開。需特別注意的是，獨立主格結構與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。

獨立主格結構主要有兩局部構成：邏輯主語和邏輯謂語。作為邏輯主語；現在分詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語等作為邏輯謂語。狀語名詞或代詞結構:名詞/代詞+非謂語〔doing&todo&done〕形容詞&副詞介詞短語邏輯主語Takingyourageintoconsideration,You’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(邏輯主語you)(邏主yourage)(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞done

&現在分詞doing)當分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時,分詞應有自己的邏輯主語,構成分詞的獨立結構。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時,常放在句首。1.________________,theyleftthemeeting–room.〔問題解決了〕〔settle〕2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(時間允許的話)(permit)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在頭下)__________________________(cross)ThisproblemsettledTimepermittinghishandscrossedunderhishead.(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他媽媽生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子凍得通紅)___________________〔red〕(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋〔being)副詞Heputonhissocks，_____________.〔反的一面在外面〕(out)Hismother(being)illhisnoseredwithcold.wrongsideout(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.__________________________(最后一個人的到來)，ourpartywasstarted.（arrive）CThelastguesttoarrive〔Ⅴ〕名詞／代詞＋介詞短語在這一結構中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是單數名詞，這些名詞前習慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,_________________.(手上一本書)2.____________________thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗幟〕bookinhandFlagonshoulder(Ⅵ)有些獨立主格結構中沒有分詞，僅

在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語

的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在

“being+過去分詞”或“therebeing＋

過去分詞”結構中，being不可省。1.________________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐結束后)〔over〕2.__________________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(沒有鬧鐘的原因)3._____________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房間正在被油漆)Breakfast(being)overTherebeingnocauseforalarmTheroombeingpaintednow二．With和without復合結構with+賓語+形容詞副詞名詞介詞短語v-ingv-edtodo主動、進行被動、完成將要發(fā)生邏輯主語〔Ⅰ〕with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現在分詞。用現在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaroundA1.,theweatherisbecominghotterandhotter.隨著夏天的到來，天氣越來越熱。2.

，shefeltabituneasy.老師站在旁邊，她覺得有點不自然。WithsummercomingWiththeteacherstandingbeside活學巧用(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。Inthereading-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__

onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofixC1.

,shefeltgreatlyrelieved.工作完成了，她大大地松了一口氣。2.

,helooksmuchyounger.理了頭發(fā)，他顯得年輕多了。WiththeworkdoneWithhishaircut活學巧用(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。

1.Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

C2.因為有太多的作業(yè)要做，所以我們不能出去玩。Withsomuchworktodo,wecan’tgoouttoplay.(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。

Shesleepswiththewindowopen.她開著窗戶睡覺.她父母死了，那女孩只好輟學。Withherparentsdead,thegirlhadtoleaveschool.

(V)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介詞短語。

1.Hesleeps.(手上拿著一本書〕2.Agirlgotonthebus.〔脖子上帶著條項鏈〕withabookinhishand.withanecklacearoundherneckThegirllookedupwithtearsinhereyes.

那女孩眼淚汪汪地抬起頭。(ⅤI)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。__

productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.ThroughC1.Thesquarelooksmorebeautiful

.所有的燈都亮時，廣場顯得更加美麗。

,Tombecomesmorenaughty.父母不在，湯姆變得更淘氣。活學巧用withallthelightson2.Withhisparentsaway三．with和without復合結構

與獨立主格結構的轉化〔Ⅰ〕with和without復合結構與獨立主格結構在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句?！玻薄匙鲿r間狀語Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.〔２〕作原因狀語

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語

Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without復合結構可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結

構那么不可作后置定語修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.

=Soonshearrivedataparkwhose

grasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.__

tenminutes__

beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__

thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because活學巧用4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__

hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__

sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__

andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,

thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__

arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，咱們常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題時可分四步分析。

指點迷津一、分析句子結構

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___

manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

CA二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。假設不一致，那么須加上自己的邏輯主語。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.

2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

AD三、分析語態(tài)

分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

AB四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

CBD看看獨立主格結構和其他句式的結合1.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。

(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_____