2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷英語試題真題及答案詳解（含作文范文）

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)全國I

卷）

英語學(xué)科

本試卷共12頁?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼

準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。

2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽

字筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。

3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫

的答案無效；在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。

4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。

5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、

刮紙刀。

第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofa

bike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withits

beautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobikealonglovely

landscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompany

inAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,We

makesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawide

variety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（剎車）,bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排擋）,

bikeswithchildseats,andchildren,sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€11.00€7.50

1day（24hours）€14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,

theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquare

everyhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBike

shoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observing

hownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowing

throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedto

wonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbackto

observingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）?

Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimals

andplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuild

whathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污

泥）.First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhe

試卷第2頁，共10頁

wentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplaced

theminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtoone

anotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludge

asfbodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwas

purewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—like

facilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesigned

aneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

t4Ecologicaldesign“isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.??LifeonEarthiskindofa

boxofsparepartsfortheinventor,,,hesays.??Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsand

observewhat,shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaysto

self-repair.^^

4.WhatcanWelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

6.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn,sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn,sidea.

C.TocompareJohn,sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn,sinvention.

7.WhatisthebasisforJohn,swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailed

explorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthis

philosophyifyoudecideit,srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophical

foundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremaking

somanypeople,sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetailed

discussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:

thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfor

thirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefully

chosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I,llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigital

declutter.Indoingso,ΓlldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600people

agreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You,llheartheseparticipants5storiesandlearnwhat

strategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlook,atsomeideasthatwillhelpyou

cultivate（培養(yǎng)）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissues

suchastheimportanceofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andthenecessityOfcultivatinghigh-qualityleisure

toreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswitha

collectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.You

canviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestyle

thatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter''inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses,

?I.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhich

illustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds^^effect.Theexperimentof

試卷第4頁，共10頁

estimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberof

independentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren,t

alwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.When

enoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamore

accurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrors

won,tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people,serrorsbecomecorrelated

ordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthis

classicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdivided

intosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroups

weremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,

theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantly

moreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabetter

senseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowith

thosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheir

minds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn,tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,

thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.vSomehow,these

argumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.Althoughthestudiesledby

Navajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroup

discussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople,serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton,sexperiment.

13.Navajas,studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

15.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardNavajas,studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)

為多余選項(xiàng)。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon,tbeatyourselfupabout

them.Toerr（犯錯(cuò)）ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelp

youdothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading''Personalstrengths.^^17Are

youcaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon,thavetobe

world-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou,reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading4?Actsofkindness.^^Onthisone,listallthe

positivethingsyou,vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwith

theirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookies

afterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19Thatway,

youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyour

personalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don,twaituntilyou,vemadeamistaketotrythis—

it,sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

It'ssomethingofacliche（陳詞濫調(diào)）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbut

theirmistakes.Thethingis,it,strue.20We,reallchangingandlearningallthetime

andmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.

C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.

D.It,sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.

E.Itdoesn,tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat,shappenedorforgetit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn,tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.

試卷第6頁，共10頁

第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空

白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.Melanie

Baileyshouldhave21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22camebecause

shewascarryinga23acrossthefinishline.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythrough

her24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She25tohelp

herfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith

26.Shecouldn,t.Baileythen27toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarried

herallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28

attention.

Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthat

shehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30

tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey,shelp.

AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig32.

“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn,t33her,^^Baileytoldthereporter.??IfeellikeIwas

justdoingtherightthing.^^

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe34、they,vesince

becomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe35ofhumankindnesswontheday.

21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished

22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse

23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitor

24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training

25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised

26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice

27.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bentdown

28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal

29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciated

30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness

31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouraged

32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal

33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand

34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show

35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.exchange

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumpling

wrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymy

favoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,

youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamand

riskingaSPilI(溢出)，38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehot

soupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoup

dumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownof

NanxiangasXiaolonghao,sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-more

dumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.

Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem41(lift)out

ofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)

contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,

clearanddelicious.

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwoseems

greedy,soIamalwaysleft45(want)morenexttime.

第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

46.假定你是李華，外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習(xí)口語,

你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括；

1.說明問題；

2.提出建議。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右：

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

試卷第8頁，共10頁

DearRyan,

I,mLiHuafromClass3.

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawriting

contest,?saidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,so

Englishwasonlymysecondlanguage.Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmy

teacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,

whereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.

So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:

“BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou,rewillingtoapplyyourself,?thinkyouhaveagoodshot

atthis.,,Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.

?chosePaulRevere,shorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith（銀匠）in

BostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApril18,1775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritish

soldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse,smouth.Notabrilliant

idea,butfunny;andunlikelytobeanyoneelse,schoice.

Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhegettired?Havedoubts?

Didhewanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.

But,likeRevere,shorse,Ikeptgoing,?workedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedmyolder

sistertocorrectmygrammar.IcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromthe

Iibraiy.Ievenreadafewofthem.

WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,andsaid,??Great.

Now,writeitagain.,,Iwroteitagain,andagainandagain.When?finallyfinishedit,the

thoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn,twin,Iwouldn't

care.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecamethenews.

Iwenttomyteacher,sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.

試卷第10頁，共10頁

1.B2.C3.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進(jìn)行自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟?/p>

作方式，價(jià)格等細(xì)節(jié)。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasic

bikeswithfootbrake（剎車）,bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排擋）,bikeswithchildseats,and

Childreτ√SbikeS.（我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶

排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車）“可推知，MaCBike的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它提供許多

類型的自行車?故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價(jià)表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額

外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。

故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,

Startingatl:00PmeVeryday.（旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始）“可知，導(dǎo)

游城市之旅從大壩廣場(chǎng)開始。故選D。

4.C5.D6.B7.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生

態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaround

hishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclear

afterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,John

startedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約

翰?托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。

例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰

開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂）”以及第二段“Afterstudying

agriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneat

cancer-causingchemicals?（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和

提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）“可

答案第1頁，共12頁

知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,JohnaddedtheSlUdge.（幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把

污泥加了進(jìn)去）“以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthe

eco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,

andallthatwasleftwaspureWater.（他對(duì)結(jié)果感至IJ驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食

物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水）“可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子

里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedeveloped

agreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.He

alsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年

來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600

戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水）”可推知，作

者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat,s

happening.ThenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoSelf-repair.（你把生物體放

在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式戶可知，約翰

工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。

8.B9.A10.C11.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)

字生活方式。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,

includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowto

adoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit,srightforyou.（這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包

括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué)）“可

知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。

9.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonline

activitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberof

carefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyou

ValUe.（這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上一些

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你認(rèn)為會(huì)給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動(dòng)）”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”

的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Γllguideyouthroughcarrying

outyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I,lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover

1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行

自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，

1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例

子。故選C。

11.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyour

effortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularCirCUmStanCeS.（你可以將這些

實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在幫助你建立-一種適合自己特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式）“可推知,

作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選Ao

12.B13.D14.C15.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某

些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectc叩italizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemake

errors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometo

underestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,

resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,then

theirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequires

thatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelated

ordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)

人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有

足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾

向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求

人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)

下降）”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互

抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)

測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。

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13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people,sestimatesbeindependent.（從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立

的）”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedinto

smallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremore

accuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverage

obtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethan

theaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一

步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。

例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)

確）”可知，人們?cè)跊]有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估計(jì)

數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the

researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.

Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleast

WiHingtOChangetheirminds?（在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)IOO名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地

了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估計(jì)最有信心的人？

他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎）”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小

組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過

程。故選C。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsand

manyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingare

enormous.（盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛

在影響是巨大的）“可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然NaVajaS領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對(duì)

小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于NaVajaS的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。

故選D。

16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵(lì)人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的寫作練習(xí)來

增強(qiáng)自信。通過列出個(gè)人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和善良的行為,人們可以學(xué)會(huì)原諒自己的錯(cuò)誤,并從中成長(zhǎng)。

16.根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon,tbeatyourselfup

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aboutthem.T