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2023年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(新課標全國I
卷)
英語學科
本試卷共12頁??荚嚱Y束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項:1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準考證號碼填寫清楚,將條形碼
準確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽
字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫
的答案無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。
4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準使用涂改液、修正帶、
刮紙刀。
第一部分聽力(1-20小題)在筆試結束后進行。
第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
BikeRental&GuidedTours
WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofa
bike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withits
beautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobikealonglovely
landscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.
WhyMacBike
MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompany
inAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,We
makesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawide
variety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),
bikeswithchildseats,andchildren,sbikes.
Prices
HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears
1hour€7.50€5.00
3hours€11.00€7.50
1day(24hours)€14.75€9.75
Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00
GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,
theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquare
everyhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBike
shoporbookonline.
1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?
A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.
C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.
2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?
A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.
3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?
A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.
C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.
B
WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observing
hownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowing
throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedto
wonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.
Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbackto
observingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?
Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimals
andplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuild
whathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.
ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污
泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhe
試卷第2頁,共10頁
wentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplaced
theminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtoone
anotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.
Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludge
asfbodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwas
purewater.
Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—like
facilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesigned
aneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.
t4Ecologicaldesign“isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.??LifeonEarthiskindofa
boxofsparepartsfortheinventor,,,hesays.??Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsand
observewhat,shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaysto
self-repair.^^
4.WhatcanWelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.
C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.
5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?
A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.
C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.
6.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?
A.ToreviewJohn,sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn,sidea.
C.TocompareJohn,sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn,sinvention.
7.WhatisthebasisforJohn,swork?
A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.
C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.
C
Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailed
explorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthis
philosophyifyoudecideit,srightforyou.
Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophical
foundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremaking
somanypeople,sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetailed
discussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.
Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:
thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfor
thirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefully
chosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.
Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I,llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigital
declutter.Indoingso,ΓlldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600people
agreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You,llheartheseparticipants5storiesandlearnwhat
strategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.
Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlook,atsomeideasthatwillhelpyou
cultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissues
suchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨處)andthenecessityOfcultivatinghigh-qualityleisure
toreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswitha
collectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.You
canviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestyle
thatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.
8.Whatisthebookaimedat?
A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.
C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter''inparagraph3mean?
A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.
10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?
A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.
C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses,
?I.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?
A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.
C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.
D
OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhich
illustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds^^effect.Theexperimentof
試卷第4頁,共10頁
estimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberof
independentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.
Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren,t
alwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.When
enoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamore
accurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrors
won,tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat
people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people,serrorsbecomecorrelated
ordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.
ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉折)onthis
classicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdivided
intosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroups
weremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,
theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantly
moreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.
Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabetter
senseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowith
thosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheir
minds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn,tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,
thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.vSomehow,these
argumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.Althoughthestudiesledby
Navajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroup
discussionanddecision-makingareenormous.
12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?
A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.
C.Thecausesofpeople,serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton,sexperiment.
13.Navajas,studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.
A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates
C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent
14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?
A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.
C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.
15.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardNavajas,studies?
A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項
為多余選項。
PersonalForgiveness
Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon,tbeatyourselfupabout
them.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelp
youdothis.
Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading''Personalstrengths.^^17Are
youcaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon,thavetobe
world-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou,reproudof.
Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading4?Actsofkindness.^^Onthisone,listallthe
positivethingsyou,vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwith
theirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookies
afterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18
Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19Thatway,
youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyour
personalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don,twaituntilyou,vemadeamistaketotrythis—
it,sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.
It'ssomethingofacliche(陳詞濫調)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbut
theirmistakes.Thethingis,it,strue.20We,reallchangingandlearningallthetime
andmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.
A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.
B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.
C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.
D.It,sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.
E.Itdoesn,tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat,shappenedorforgetit.
F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.
G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn,tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.
試卷第6頁,共10頁
第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空
白處的最佳選項。
OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.Melanie
Baileyshouldhave21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22camebecause
shewascarryinga23acrossthefinishline.
Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythrough
her24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She25tohelp
herfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith
26.Shecouldn,t.Baileythen27toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarried
herallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28
attention.
Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthat
shehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30
tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey,shelp.
AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig32.
“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn,t33her,^^Baileytoldthereporter.??IfeellikeIwas
justdoingtherightthing.^^
Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe34、they,vesince
becomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe35ofhumankindnesswontheday.
21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished
22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse
23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitor
24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training
25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised
26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice
27.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bentdown
28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal
29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciated
30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness
31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouraged
32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal
33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand
34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show
35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.exchange
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumpling
wrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymy
favoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,
youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamand
riskingaSPilI(溢出),38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehot
soupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoup
dumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownof
NanxiangasXiaolonghao,sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-more
dumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.
Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem41(lift)out
ofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)
contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,
clearanddelicious.
NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwoseems
greedy,soIamalwaysleft45(want)morenexttime.
第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
46.假定你是李華,外教Ryan準備將學生隨機分為兩人一組,讓大家課后練習口語,
你認為這樣分組存在問題。請你給外教寫一封郵件,內容包括;
1.說明問題;
2.提出建議。
注意:
1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右:
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
試卷第8頁,共10頁
DearRyan,
I,mLiHuafromClass3.
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
47.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。
WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawriting
contest,?saidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,so
Englishwasonlymysecondlanguage.Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmy
teacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,
whereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.
So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:
“BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou,rewillingtoapplyyourself,?thinkyouhaveagoodshot
atthis.,,Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.
?chosePaulRevere,shorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith(銀匠)in
BostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApril18,1775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritish
soldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse,smouth.Notabrilliant
idea,butfunny;andunlikelytobeanyoneelse,schoice.
Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhegettired?Havedoubts?
Didhewanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.
But,likeRevere,shorse,Ikeptgoing,?workedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedmyolder
sistertocorrectmygrammar.IcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromthe
Iibraiy.Ievenreadafewofthem.
WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,andsaid,??Great.
Now,writeitagain.,,Iwroteitagain,andagainandagain.When?finallyfinishedit,the
thoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn,twin,Iwouldn't
care.
注意:
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150個左右;
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecamethenews.
Iwenttomyteacher,sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.
試卷第10頁,共10頁
1.B2.C3.D
【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進行自行車租賃和雇傭導游的操
作方式,價格等細節(jié)。
1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasic
bikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,and
Childreτ√SbikeS.(我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車,包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶
排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車)“可推知,MaCBike的優(yōu)勢是它提供許多
類型的自行車?故選B。
2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價表可知,租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元,額
外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。
故選C。
3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,
Startingatl:00PmeVeryday.(旅游團每小時從大壩廣場出發(fā),每天下午1點開始)“可知,導
游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故選D。
4.C5.D6.B7.A
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學,他建造了一個生
態(tài)機器,利用自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。
4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaround
hishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclear
afterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,John
startedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當約
翰?托德還是個孩子的時候,他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林,觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。
例如,一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后,往往會變得清澈。長大后,約翰
開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudying
agriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking
questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneat
cancer-causingchemicals?(在大學學習了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后,約翰又回到了觀察自然和
提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌?哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質?)“可
答案第1頁,共12頁
知,約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。
5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,JohnaddedtheSlUdge.(幾個星期后,約翰把
污泥加了進去)“以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthe
eco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,
andallthatwasleftwaspureWater.(他對結果感至IJ驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食
物,開始吃了起來!幾周之內,它就被消化了,只剩下純凈水)“可知,約翰把污泥放進罐子
里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D。
6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedeveloped
agreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.He
alsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年
來,約翰承擔了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設施,可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600
戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態(tài)機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知,作
者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B。
7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat,s
happening.ThenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoSelf-repair.(你把生物體放
在新的關系中,觀察會發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復的方式戶可知,約翰
工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。
8.B9.A10.C11.A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡主義生活方式的優(yōu)點,倡導簡單的數(shù)
字生活方式。
8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,
includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowto
adoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit,srightforyou.(這本書的目標是為數(shù)字極簡主義辯護,包
括詳細探索它的要求和為什么有效,然后如果你認為它適合你,教你如何采用這種哲學)“可
知,這本書的目的是倡導簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。
9.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonline
activitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberof
carefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyou
ValUe.(這個過程要求你在30天內遠離可選的在線活動。在30天結束的時候,你再加上一些
答案第2頁,共12頁
你認為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知,畫線詞“declutter”
的意思是“清理”,對在線活動進行清理和挑選。故選A。
10.推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Γllguideyouthroughcarrying
outyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I,lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover
1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中,我將指導您進行
自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中,我將借鑒我在2018年進行的一項實驗,在該實驗中,
1600多人同意進行數(shù)字清理)”可推知,第一部分的最后一章介紹了實驗與數(shù)字清理的實際例
子。故選C。
11.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyour
effortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularCirCUmStanCeS.(你可以將這些
實踐視為一個工具箱,旨在幫助你建立-一種適合自己特定情況的極簡主義生活方式)“可推知,
作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實際情況使用第二部分中提及的實踐。故選Ao
12.B13.D14.C15.D
【導語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島,文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應。實驗表明,在某
些情況下大量獨立估計的平均值可能是相當準確的。
12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內容“Thiseffectc叩italizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemake
errors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometo
underestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,
resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,then
theirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequires
thatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelated
ordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(這種效應利用了這樣一個事實,即當
人們犯錯誤時,這些錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估,或者低估。當這些誤差中有
足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時,它們會相互抵消,從而產(chǎn)生更準確的估計。如果相似的人傾
向于犯同樣的錯誤,那么他們的錯誤不會相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說,群眾的智慧要求
人們的估計是獨立的。如果由于任何原因,人們的錯誤變得相關或依賴,估計的準確性就會
下降)”可知,本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的,各不相同的誤差平均在一起,相互
抵消就會產(chǎn)生更準確的估計,討論了獨立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準確的預
測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。
答案第3頁,共12頁
13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat
people,sestimatesbeindependent.(從更專業(yè)的角度來說,群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立
的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedinto
smallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremore
accuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverage
obtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethan
theaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(這項研究的關鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是,當人群被進一
步劃分為允許進行討論的小組時,這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。
例如,從四個五人討論組的估計中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個獨立個體獲得的平均值更準
確)”可知,人們在沒有獨立的情況下,分成更小群體,平均值是更準確的,說明即使在估計
數(shù)字并非完全獨立的情況下,準確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。
14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the
researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.
Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleast
WiHingtOChangetheirminds?(在一項針對IOO名大學生的后續(xù)研究中,研究人員試圖更好地
了解小組成員在討論中的實際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對自己的估計最有信心的人?
他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎)”可知,在后續(xù)研究中,研究人員試圖更好地了解小
組成員在討論中實際做了什么。結合兩個問題,因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點是小組內的討論過
程。故選C。
15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsand
manyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingare
enormous.(盡管Navajas領導的研究有局限性,仍存在許多問題,但對小組討論和決策的潛
在影響是巨大的)“可知,作者認為雖然NaVajaS領導的研究有局限性也存在許多問題,但對
小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對于NaVajaS的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。
故選D。
16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G
【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵人們練習自我寬恕,并提供了一個簡單的寫作練習來
增強自信。通過列出個人的優(yōu)點和善良的行為,人們可以學會原諒自己的錯誤,并從中成長。
16.根據(jù)空前內容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon,tbeatyourselfup
答案第4頁,共12頁
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