考研英語真題及答案解析（完整版）

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁/共頁2005年考研英語真題和答案SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1(10points)

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,thisislargelybecause,animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesaretoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableofhumansmellsevenwhenthesearetofarbelowonepartinonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogeneratesmellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsendtothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhentoitoftenenough.

Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsittokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcannewreceptorsifnecessary.Thismayexplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenotoftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwenewsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptorsforunfamiliarandemergencysignalsthesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.

1.[A]although

[B]as

[C]but

[D]while

2.[A]above

[B]unlike

[C]excluding

[D]besides

3.[A]limited

[B]committed

[C]dedicated

[D]confined

4.[A]catching

[B]ignoring

[C]missing

[D]tracking

5.[A]anyway

[B]though

[C]instead

[D]therefore

6.[A]evenif

[B]ifonly

[C]onlyif

[D]asif

7.[A]distinguishing

[B]discovering

[C]determining

[D]detecting

8.[A]diluted

[B]dissolved

[C]dispersed

[D]diffused

9.[A]when

[B]since

[C]for

[D]whereas

10.[A]unusual

[B]particular

[C]unique

[D]typical

11.[A]signs

[B]stimuli

[C]messages

[D]impulses

12.[A]atfirst

[B]atall

[C]atlarge

[D]attimes

13.[A]subjected

[B]left

[C]drawn

[D]exposed

14.[A]ineffective

[B]incompetent

[C]inefficient

[D]insufficient

15.[A]introduce

[B]summon

[C]trigger

[D]create

16.[A]still

[B]also

[C]otherwise

[D]nevertheless

17.[A]sure

[B]sick

[C]aware

[D]tired

18.[A]tolerate

[B]repel

[C]neglect

[D]notice

19.[A]available

[B]reliable

[C]identifiable

[D]suitable

20.[A]similarto

[B]suchas

[C]alongwith

[D]asidefrom

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)

Text1

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________.

[A]posingacontrast

[B]justifyinganassumption

[C]makingacomparison

[D]explainingaphenomenon

22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)impliesthat________.

[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare________.

[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions

[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.

[A]prefergrapestocucumbers

[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings

[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

Text2

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch--aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________.

[A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

[B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

[C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

[D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas________.

[A]aprotector

[B]ajudge

[C]acritic

[D]aguide

28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,Paragraph4)?

[A]Endlessstudieskillaction.

[B]Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

[C]Prudentplanninghindersprogress.

[D]Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?

[A]Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.

[B]Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.

[C]Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.

[D]Takesomelegislativemeasures.

30.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause________.

[A]theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence

[B]alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

[C]theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

[D]bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse

Text3

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep--whenmostvividdreamsoccur--asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents--until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep--orratherdream--onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

31.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams________.

[A]canbemodifiedintheircourses

[B]aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

[C]reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

[D]arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

32.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow________.

[A]itsfunctioninourdreams

[B]themechanismofREMsleep

[C]therelationofdreamstoemotions

[D]itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

33.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto________.

[A]aggravateinourunconsciousmind

[B]developintohappydreams

[C]persisttillthetimewefallasleep

[D]showupindreamsearlyatnight

34.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat________.

[A]wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

[B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

[C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

[D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

35.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

[A]Leadyourlifeasusual.

[B]Seekprofessionalhelp.

[C]Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

[D]Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

Text4

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom,”forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing,”hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive--thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms--heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina.”Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

36.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish________.

[A]isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

[B]isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

[C]hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

[D]broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

37.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes________.

[A]modesty

[B]personality

[C]liveliness

[D]informality

38.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

[A]Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

[B]BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

[C]Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

[D]Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

39.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s________.

[A]interestintheirlanguage

[B]appreciationoftheirefforts

[C]admirationfortheirmemory

[D]contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

40.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as________.

[A]“temporary”isto“permanent”

[B]“radical”isto“conservative”

[C]“functional”isto“artistic”

[D]“humble”isto“noble”

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Canada’spremiers(theleadersofprovincialgovernments),iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,together,toreducehealth-carecosts.

They’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.

41.________

Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare--tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts--recommendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.

42.________

But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial--provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.

Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince--oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince--negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.

Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.

43.________

AsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrugReviewrecommendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.Predictably,andregrettably,Quebecrefusedtojoin.

Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfew,ifany,stringsattached.That’sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn’tgoneanywhere,whiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.

44.________

PremierslovetoquoteMr.Romanow’sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoney.Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”

45.________

SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.

[A]Quebec’sresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.OneofthefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec’sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent!

[B]OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby’sreport:“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.”

[C]Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.

[D]Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.

[E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigherprices.

[F]So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovetheycanrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.

[G]Ofcourse,thepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatway.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,ifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn’tlikeanationalagency,butself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.46)Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed--andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.47)InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.48)Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.

Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.

49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice--thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theexchangeofnews,documentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.50)Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”--andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.

Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)

1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]

6.[A]7.[D]8.[A]9.[D]10.[B]

11.[C]12.[A]13.[D]14.[C]15.[D]

16.[B]17.[C]18.[D]19.[A]20.[B]

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.[C]22.[B]23.[A]24.[C]25.[B]

26.[C]27.[D]28.[A]29.[D]30.[B]

31.[A]32.[C]33.[D]34.[D]35.[A]

36.[B]37.[D]38.[A]39.[