【英語】山東省聊城市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末考試試題(解析版)

成就未來，新教育伴你成長聯(lián)系電話：400-186-9786山東省聊城市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末考試英語試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAmericaisoneofthebesttravellingoptionsforeveryone.HeretheGoodHotelGuidesharessomeofthetopAmericanhotelsfortravelerstochoosefrom.TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResortIfyouwantaquiet,stress-freegetaway,TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResortmightbejusttheplace.SittingrightontheshoresoftheAtlanticOcean,thishotelisadestinationuntoitself.Meanwhile,staffgoesoutoftheirwaytoattendtotheirguests’needs.However,ifyouarehopingtoexploreurbanareas,bewarnedthishotelislocatedapproximately25milessouthofthecity.ThePeninsulaChicagoTravelersdescribetheguestroomsascomfortablethankstotheirmoderntechietouches,likeabedsideremotecommandstationthatcontrolsthelights,televisionandroomtemperatures.Duringyourstay,guestsrecommendmakingtimeforthetastyCantonesedishesservedintheShanghaiTerracerestaurant.However,formanytravelers,itwasThePeninsulaChicago’sfriendlyservicestaffthatconvincedthemtostayhereagain.SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAXLocatedjust1312feetfromLosAngelesInternationalAirport,thishoteloffersfree24-hourairportshuttles,easyaccesstothecitycenter.Withnearbymotorways,Hollywoodisjust12milesawayfromSonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.Couplesinparticularlikethelocation—theyratedit8.5foratwo-persontripbecauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcomingstaff.SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotelThismodernhotelprovidesfree24-hourdedicatedshuttleservicetoLosAngelesInternationalAirport,just3minutes’driveaway.Guestscanrelaxintheoutdoorheatedpool.Recentguestsgivethecourteousandprofessionalstaffhighpraise.Coupleslikethelocationbest—theyratedit8.7foratwo-persontrip.1.Ifyouwanttorelieveyourtension,whichhotelwouldyouliketochoose?A.SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.B.TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort.C.ThePeninsulaChicago.D.SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel.2.Whichhotelisthemostfavorabletocouples?A.TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort.B.ThePeninsulaChicago.C.SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.D.SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel.3.Whatdothefourhotelshaveincommon?A.Theyofferconvenientaccesstothedowntownarea.B.Theyhavequalitycustomerservice.C.Theyarepopularamongcouples.D.Theyarelocatedneartheairport.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了幾家美國頂級酒店供旅行者選擇。【答案】1.B2.C3.B【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort部分中“Ifyouwantaquiet,stress-freegetaway,TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResortmightbejusttheplace.(如果你想要一個(gè)安靜，無壓力的度假，在基亞瓦島高爾夫度假村的避難所可能只是一個(gè)地方)”可知，如果你想緩解你的壓力，TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort是最佳選擇。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX部分中“Couplesinparticularlikethelocation—theyratedit8.5foratwo-persontripbecauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcomingstaff.(情侶們特別喜歡這里的地理位置——他們給兩人旅行打了8.5分，因?yàn)檫@里很方便，工作人員也很熱情)”可知，對情侶來說，SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX最有利。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort部分中“Meanwhile,staffgoesoutoftheirwaytoattendtotheirguests’needs.(與此同時(shí)，工作人員會不遺余力地滿足客人的需求)”、ThePeninsulaChicago部分中“However,formanytravelers,itwasThePeninsulaChicago’sfriendlyservicestaffthatconvincedthemtostayhereagain.(然而，對于許多游客來說，是芝加哥半島酒店友好的服務(wù)人員說服他們再次入住)”、SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX部分中“becauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcomingstaff.(因?yàn)樗谋憷蜔崆榈墓ぷ魅藛T)”和SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel部分中“Recentguestsgivethecourteousandprofessionalstaffhighpraise.(最近的客人對我們彬彬有禮和專業(yè)的工作人員給予了很高的評價(jià))”可知，四家酒店的共同點(diǎn)是他們都有優(yōu)質(zhì)的客戶服務(wù)。故選B項(xiàng)。BThisstoryispartofNature’s10,anannuallistproducedbytheworld’sleadingsciencejournalNature,exploringindividualswhocontributedtothekeydevelopmentsinscience.Onthe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity—ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.ModelstrainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.Butwhyincludeacomputerprograminalistofpeoplewhohaveshapedsciencein2023?ChatGPTisnotaperson.Butactually,itandothergenerativeartificial-intelligence(AI)programsarechanginghowscientistswork.TheyhavealsorekindleddebatesaboutthelimitsofAI,thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo.That’swhythisyear’sNature’s10hasanon-humanaddition.Interestingly,Nature’slistalsoincludesoneofitscreators.IlyaSutskever,thechiefscientistandcofounderofOpenAI,theorganizationthatcreatedChatGPT,isoneofthemindsattheforefrontofgenerativeartificialintelligence.Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelopgeneralartificialintelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.Sutskeverbelievesthatartificialintelligence’spotentialistoogreatformodelstobeavailabletoanyonewhowantstousethem,andhewasamongthefirsttorealizethatthesystemsthatscientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbeguntodevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractualcapabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreatingamethodtodirectandcontrolartificialintelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.4.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutNature’s10accordingtothepassage?A.Nature’s10iscelebratingthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology.B.OnlyhumanbeingswereelectedasNature’s10before.C.Nature’s10wasstartedin2023forthefirsttime.D.Itwasawardedbythelocalgovernmentyearly.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphabout?A.Experts’opinionsonChatGPT.B.HowchatGPTfunctions.C.TheapplicationofchatGPTinscienceresearch.D.ThepromotionofChatGPT.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrekindledinparagraph3mean?A.Settled. B.Restarted. C.Participated. D.Launched.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeIlyaSutskever’sattitudetowardsChatGPT?A.Confidentandcautious. B.Proudandconcerned.C.Objectiveanddoubtful. D.Enthusiasticandwarning.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了《自然》雜志將ChatGPT選入“自然10強(qiáng)”并分析了原因。文章同時(shí)介紹ChatGPT的創(chuàng)造者之一伊利亞·蘇茨克維爾對ChatGPT的看法?！敬鸢浮?.B5.C6.B7.A【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Onthe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity—ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.(在公布的2023年名單中，該雜志首次納入了一個(gè)非人類實(shí)體——ChatGPT)”可知，在此之前，只有人類能被選為“自然10強(qiáng)”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.ModelstrainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.(馬薩諸塞州波士頓的哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院從事人工智能醫(yī)學(xué)研究的MarinkaZitnik說，ChatGPT和相關(guān)軟件可以幫助集思廣益，增強(qiáng)科學(xué)搜索引擎，并識別文獻(xiàn)中的研究空白。Zitnik補(bǔ)充說，以類似的方式對科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練的模型可以幫助建立指導(dǎo)研究的人工智能系統(tǒng)，也許可以通過設(shè)計(jì)新分子或模擬細(xì)胞行為來實(shí)現(xiàn))”可知，本段主要討論了ChatGPT和其他生成式人工智能程序如何改變科學(xué)家的工作方式，并提到了ChatGPT在指導(dǎo)研究和增強(qiáng)科學(xué)搜索引擎方面的潛在可能。由此可知，第二段介紹了ChatGPT在科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。前綴re-表示“重新；再”；結(jié)合常識和劃線詞后“debatesaboutthelimitsofAI,thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo(關(guān)于人工智能的局限性、人類智能的本質(zhì)以及如何最好地規(guī)范兩者之間的互動(dòng)的辯論)”可知，關(guān)于人工智能的這些話題的辯論并不是新事物，以前就已經(jīng)有過很多相關(guān)的辯論，由此推知，ChatGPT的出現(xiàn)只是重新引發(fā)了相關(guān)辯論。故劃線詞rekindled與restarted“重新開始”意思接近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelopgeneralartificialintelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.(他認(rèn)為這家公司是開發(fā)通用人工智能的一個(gè)機(jī)會，它可以超越人類，發(fā)展自己的意識)”和最后一段中“hewasamongthefirsttorealizethatthesystemsthatscientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbeguntodevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractualcapabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.(他是最早意識到，隨著計(jì)算能力的提高，像他的導(dǎo)師杰弗里·辛頓這樣的科學(xué)家開始開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)將開始顯示其實(shí)際能力的人之一)”可推知，IlyaSutskever認(rèn)為人工智能會超越人類，發(fā)展自己的意識，對其能力充滿信心(confident)；根據(jù)最后一段中“Sutskeverbelievesthatartificialintelligence’spotentialistoogreatformodelstobeavailabletoanyonewhowantstousethem(Sutskever認(rèn)為，人工智能的潛力太大，任何想要使用它們的人都無法獲得模型)”和“Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreatingamethodtodirectandcontrolartificialintelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.(最近幾個(gè)月，他致力于創(chuàng)造一種方法來指導(dǎo)和控制比人類更聰明的人工智能系統(tǒng))”可推知，IlyaSutskever對人工智能的運(yùn)用非常謹(jǐn)慎(cautious)，希望創(chuàng)造一種方法來指導(dǎo)和控制比人類更聰明的人工智能。故選A項(xiàng)。CTheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently“rediscovered”anancientsharkskeletonthathasbeensittinginthemuseum’scollectionfornearly50years.Couldthissharkbeapartofanewlydiscoveredancientsharkspecies?Thisfossil’soriginaldiscoverywasin1975onafarmjustwestofMorden,Manitoba.Theskeletonwasbroughtintothemuseumandwasforgottenwithintheever-growingfossilcollection.Theskeletonwashiddeninthecollectionsroomforover40yearsandthecenterjustrecentlyfoundthefossilinitsstoragearoundeightyearsago.AdolfoCuertara,thedirectoroftheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentre,explainedthat“It’saveryspecialsharkformanyreasons.It’shighlypossiblethatwearetalkingaboutanewspecies.”Althoughthesharkhasnotbeengivenascientificnameyet,themuseumhasunofficiallynamedtheskeleton,“Dave”,inhonorofthefarmeronwhoselandtheskeletonwasfound.Afterthefossilrediscovery,Davewasexhibitedatthefossilcentermuseum.Daveisaround15feetlongandisoneofthelargestwell-preservedsharkskeletonsintheentireworld.Withinthepaleontology(古生物學(xué))world,completesharkfossilsareextremelyrareduetotheirsoftcartilage(軟骨結(jié)構(gòu))whichdisintegratesastheyage.Dave’ssharkspeciesarefilterfeederswithnoteeth,whoreceivetheirnutritionbyabsorbingitoutofthewater.CuertaraemphasizesDave’suniquenessbyexplaining,“Theshapeofthejawsandtheskullandthekindofstructuresthatithas,becausethepreservationisreallyamazing,istellingusthatitisprobablygoingtobeanewspecies.Theproblemisnowweneedscientificpapersandscientificresearchandthispaperisunderway.”TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreishopefulthatmorescientificresearchwillprovidemoreinformationonDave’sancientsharkspecies.Fornow,DaveiscurrentlyondisplayattheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreandthemuseumhastheexhibituptodatewiththeircurrentinformation.8.Whereprobablycouldyoufindthisarticle?A.Sciencetextbookofcollege.B.Advertisingbrochureofmuseum.C.Discoverycolumnofmagazine.D.Bulletinboardofanimalworld.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disintegrates”meaninthefourthparagraph?A.Dieaway. B.Breakdown. C.Buildup. D.Liedown.10.WhatevidencemadescientistsbelieveDaveisanewsharkspecies?A.Thestructureofskullandjaw.B.Thepreservationofjawandtheskull.C.Theuniquenessofnoteethstructure.D.Theraresoftcartilage.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.CanadianFossilDiscoveryCentredisplaysDaveancientsharkspecies.B.Dave’ssharkspeciesisanewspeciesofancientshark.C.CanadianMuseumrediscoversanewancientsharkspecies.D.Dave’ssharkskeletonisinhonorofthefarmerwhorediscoveredit.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心最近重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具古老的鯊魚骨架，該骨架在博物館的收藏中已經(jīng)存放了近50年。這可能是一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的古老鯊魚物種，目前尚未正式命名，但博物館暫時(shí)以“戴夫”為其非正式名稱?！敬鸢浮?.C9.B10.B11.C【8題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently“rediscovered”anancientsharkskeletonthathasbeensittinginthemuseum’scollectionfornearly50years.(加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心最近“重新發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一具在博物館收藏了近50年的古代鯊魚骨架)”和最后一段中“TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreishopefulthatmorescientificresearchwillprovidemoreinformationonDave’sancientsharkspecies.Fornow,DaveiscurrentlyondisplayattheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreandthemuseumhastheexhibituptodatewiththeircurrentinformation.(加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心希望更多的科學(xué)研究能提供更多關(guān)于戴夫古鯊魚物種的信息。目前，戴夫目前正在加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心展出，博物館的展品與他們目前的信息同步)”可知，本文介紹了加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心對其館藏“古鯊魚骨架”的再發(fā)現(xiàn)，并說明了其意義。由此推知，本文可能出自雜志中的發(fā)現(xiàn)欄目。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Withinthepaleontology(古生物學(xué))world,completesharkfossilsareextremelyrareduetotheirsoftcartilage(軟骨結(jié)構(gòu))whichdisintegratesastheyage.(在古生物學(xué)界，完整的鯊魚化石極其罕見，因?yàn)樗鼈兊能浌菚S著年齡的增長而disintegrates)”中“softcartilage(軟骨結(jié)構(gòu))”可推知，因?yàn)轷忯~是軟骨，所以隨著年齡的增長，骨頭會“分解”，很難保留下來。劃線詞disintegrates與動(dòng)詞短語Breakdown同義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theshapeofthejawsandtheskullandthekindofstructuresthatithas,becausethepreservationisreallyamazing,istellingusthatitisprobablygoingtobeanewspecies.(頜骨和頭骨的形狀以及它的結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)楸４娴梅浅ｓ@人地完好，告訴我們它可能是一個(gè)新物種)”可知，得到保存的頜骨和頭骨讓科學(xué)家相信戴夫是一種新的鯊魚物種。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently“rediscovered”anancientsharkskeletonthathasbeensittinginthemuseum’scollectionfornearly50years.(加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心最近“重新發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一具在博物館收藏了近50年的古代鯊魚骨架)”可知，文章主要介紹了加拿大化石發(fā)現(xiàn)中心對其館藏“古鯊魚骨架”的再發(fā)現(xiàn)，它可能是一種新的古老鯊魚物種，所以“CanadianMuseumrediscoversanewancientsharkspecies.(加拿大博物館重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的古鯊魚物種)”是文章的主要內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。DTypically,peoplearemorelikelytosharethingsthatcanleadtoanexchangeofsaliva(唾液),suchaskissesoranicecreamcone,withfamilymembersorclosefriendsthanwithanacquaintanceoracolleague.Asaresult,itcanbemarkersofa“thickrelationship”,whichcanhelpbabiesworkoutwhoisincloserelationshipswithoneanother,astudysuggests.AshleyThomas,adevelopmentalpsychologistatMIT,andcolleaguesranexperimentsofpeopleengagingwithpuppets(木偶).Researchers,ofcourse,can’tknowexactlywhatbabiesarethinking.Buttrackingwheretheylookisonewaytogetahint.Theideaisnotthatyoungchildrenmightbeexpectinganadulttocomfortthepuppet,Thomassays.Instead,theresearchersexpectedthattheyoungchildrenwouldlooktowardthepersonthattheyexpecttomovefirstwhenthepuppetexpressesdistress(悲傷),andthatwouldbethepersonwhohasacloserrelationshipwiththetoy,shesays.Forsomeoftheexperiments,theteamshowed8-to10-month-oldbabiesor16-to18-month-oldtoddlersvideosofawomansharinganorangeslicewithapuppet.Asecondvideodepictedanotherwomanandthepuppetplayingwithaball.Duringafinalvideothatshowedthepuppetseeminglycryingwhileseatedbetweenthetwowomen,thekids’eyesweredrawntothewomanwhohadsharedtheorangeslice—asignthekidsmayhavebeenexpectinghertoreact.Theteamsawsimilarresultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwopuppets.Thewomanstuckherfingerinhermouthandthenonepuppet’smouthtosharehersaliva.Fortheother,shetouchedonlyherforeheadandthenthepuppet’sforehead.Infantsandtoddlersspentmoretimelookingatthepuppetthathadswappedsalivaafterthewomanshoweddistress.Thisstudythrowsnewlightonchild’spsychology.Butit’sunclearhowthefindingsrelatetothedailylivesofyoungchildren.Futureexperimentscouldswitchoutactressesinthestudyforfamilymembersorteacherstobetterunderstandtherolesalivamayplayinhowbabiesandtoddlersdistinguishdifferenttypesofrelationships.12.Whatcanhelpbabiesfigureoutcloserelationships?A.Thingsthatcanresultinanexchangeofemotion.B.Intimateactionsthatsharesaliva.C.AnicecreamconeintheSweetStop.D.Behaviorsthatcomfortthepuppet.13.Howdoresearchersknowwhohasacloserrelationshipwiththepuppetinbabies’eyes?A.Byfindingwhatbabiesarethinking.B.Bytrackingwherebabiespoint.C.Byknowingwhotheyoungchildrenlooktoward.D.Bywatchingwhocometocomfortthepuppet.14.What’sthepurposeofparagraph4?A.Togivesupportingevidenceforthestudyresults.B.Toshowpotentialapplicationofthestudyfindings.C.Tomakeabriefconclusionofthestudyresults.D.Toraiseareasonabledoubtaboutthestudyprocess.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothisnewfinding?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Objective. D.Unclear.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹相關(guān)研究證明人們更傾向于與家人或親密朋友分享唾液，這在嬰兒看來是“親密關(guān)系”的標(biāo)志?！敬鸢浮?2.B13.C14.A15.A【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Typically,peoplearemorelikelytosharethingsthatcanleadtoanexchangeofsaliva(唾液),suchaskissesoranicecreamcone,withfamilymembersorclosefriendsthanwithanacquaintanceoracolleague.Asaresult,itcanbemarkersofa”thickrelationship”,whichcanhelpbabiesworkoutwhoisincloserelationshipswithoneanother,astudysuggests.(通常情況下，人們更傾向于與家人或親密的朋友分享可以引起唾液交換的東西，比如親吻或冰淇淋甜筒，而不是與熟人或同事分享。因此，一項(xiàng)研究表明，這可能是“親密關(guān)系”的標(biāo)志，可以幫助嬰兒弄清楚誰與另一個(gè)人關(guān)系密切)”可知，分享唾液的親密行為可以幫助嬰兒弄清楚親密的關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Researchers,ofcourse,can’tknowexactlywhatbabiesarethinking.Buttrackingwheretheylookisonewaytogetahint.(當(dāng)然，研究人員無法確切知道嬰兒在想什么。但追蹤他們看的地方是獲得線索的一種方式)”和“Instead,theresearchersexpectedthattheyoungchildrenwouldlooktowardthepersonthattheyexpecttomovefirstwhenthepuppetexpressesdistress(悲傷),andthatwouldbethepersonwhohasacloserrelationshipwiththetoy,shesays.(她說，相反，研究人員預(yù)計(jì)，當(dāng)木偶表現(xiàn)出悲傷時(shí)，年幼的孩子會把目光投向他們預(yù)計(jì)會首先移動(dòng)的人，而這個(gè)人可能是與玩具關(guān)系更密切的人)”可知，通過觀察孩子們在看誰，研究人員就能知道在嬰兒眼中，誰與木偶關(guān)系更密切。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段“Theteamsawsimilarresultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwopuppets.Thewomanstuckherfingerinhermouthandthenonepuppet’smouthtosharehersaliva.Fortheother,shetouchedonlyherforeheadandthenthepuppet’sforehead.Infantsandtoddlersspentmoretimelookingatthepuppetthathadswappedsalivaafterthewomanshoweddistress.(當(dāng)一名婦女與兩個(gè)木偶互動(dòng)時(shí)，研究小組也看到了類似的結(jié)果。這個(gè)女人把手指先伸進(jìn)嘴里，然后伸進(jìn)一個(gè)木偶的嘴里，分享她的唾液。對于另一個(gè)，她只是先觸摸自己的額頭，然后觸摸木偶的額頭。在女人表現(xiàn)出痛苦后，嬰兒和蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子會花更多的時(shí)間看那個(gè)分享唾液的木偶)”中詳細(xì)介紹了另一個(gè)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)合段首句“Theteamsawsimilarresultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwopuppets.(當(dāng)一名婦女與兩個(gè)木偶互動(dòng)時(shí)，研究小組也看到了類似的結(jié)果)”可知，第四段是為研究結(jié)果提供支持性證據(jù)。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thisstudythrowsnewlightonchild’spsychology.(這項(xiàng)研究對兒童心理學(xué)有了新的認(rèn)識)”和“Futureexperimentscouldswitchoutactressesinthestudyforfamilymembersorteacherstobetterunderstandtherolesalivamayplayinhowbabiesandtoddlersdistinguishdifferenttypesofrelationships.(未來的實(shí)驗(yàn)可能會把研究中的女演員換成家庭成員或老師，以更好地理解唾液在嬰幼兒如何區(qū)分不同類型的關(guān)系中可能發(fā)揮的作用)”可推知，作者肯定這一研究的作用與前景，所以對其持贊成的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。NewacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyattheChineseAcademyofSciences.____16____Theyaimedtomakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentofthenation’sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationandpromotingtheroleoffemalescientists.AcademicianHuangmadethreecommitmentstohimself—tocontributehisenergytoscientificresearch;toapplyhisachievementsinthefields;andtoprovidemoreopportunitiesforyoungpeople.“____17____Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,wecanfosteradiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates,”hesaid.AcademicianJianZhiminadvisedyoungstudentsthatpersistenceisthemostvaluablespiritonthepathofscientificresearch.“____18____Thisdeterminationandperseveranceareessentialinscientificresearch,”hesaid.Outofthe59newlyelectedacademiciansthisyear,fiveofthemarefemalescientists.AcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespectingtheroleofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.___19___.____20____Forexample,shesaidfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationandtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takingintoconsiderationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.A.Theyaremoreresilient(有適應(yīng)力的),whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.B.Inrecentyears,JinhasnoticedtheincreasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.C.Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.D.Shehasbothmaleandfemalestudents,whoareirreplaceabletoeachother.E.The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.F.IhopethehonorIreceivedcaninspiremorefemalestodevelopaninterestinphysics.G.Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingistopersistwithoriginalintention.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道中國科學(xué)院新當(dāng)選院士以及他們的科研精神和對于科研事業(yè)的承諾?！敬鸢浮?6.E17.C18.G19.A20.B【16題詳解】上文“NewacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyattheChineseAcademyofSciences.(新晉院士在中國科學(xué)院頒證儀式后合影留念。)”描述新晉院士參加頒證儀式的場景，結(jié)合常識可知，E項(xiàng)“The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.(59位新當(dāng)選的院士在周五的典禮上宣誓就職。)”與上文內(nèi)容相符，說明頒證儀式的時(shí)間和相關(guān)宣誓程序，下文“Theyaimedtomakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentofthenation’sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationandpromotingtheroleoffemalescientists.(他們旨在是通過鼓勵(lì)年輕一代和提高女科學(xué)家的作用，為國家的科學(xué)研究的發(fā)展做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。)”說明宣誓相關(guān)內(nèi)容，上下文語意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,wecanfosteradiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates(讓優(yōu)秀的年輕人有足夠的機(jī)會，我們可以培育一個(gè)多元化的科學(xué)界，并進(jìn)行激烈的辯論)”可知，黃院士強(qiáng)調(diào)要給年輕人機(jī)會，C項(xiàng)“Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.(作為院士，我們需要與年輕一代分享更多的機(jī)會。)”與黃院士觀點(diǎn)一致，句中“Asacademicians,we...”是黃院士的自稱。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“persistenceisthemostvaluablespiritonthepathofscientificresearch.(堅(jiān)持是科學(xué)研究道路上最寶貴的精神。)”和下文“Thisdeterminationandperseveranceareessentialinscientificresearch.(這種決心和毅力在科學(xué)研究中是必不可少的。)”強(qiáng)調(diào)“堅(jiān)持”、“決心”和“毅力”，G項(xiàng)“Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingistopersistwithoriginalintention.(要在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得成功，最重要的是堅(jiān)持初心。)”中表達(dá)同樣的主旨，句中“persistwithoriginalintention”與上下文內(nèi)容相照應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“AcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespectingtheroleofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.(金奎娟院士提到，女性有獨(dú)特的視角，尊重女性的作用至關(guān)重要。)”提出女性科學(xué)家的重要性，A項(xiàng)“Theyaremoreresilient(有適應(yīng)力的),whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.(他們適應(yīng)力更強(qiáng)，這有助于科學(xué)的發(fā)展。)”承接上文，說明女性科學(xué)家的優(yōu)勢，句中指示代詞“They”指代上文中“women”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】下文“Forexample,shesaidfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationandtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takingintoconsiderationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.(例如，她說，國家自然科學(xué)基金和優(yōu)秀青年學(xué)者基金等資助機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)放寬了年齡限制，考慮到女性生育和照顧孩子所需的時(shí)間和精力。)”提出相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)在政策上對女性科學(xué)家的支持，是對B項(xiàng)“Inrecentyears,JinhasnoticedtheincreasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.(近年來，金注意到中國對女科學(xué)家的支持越來越多。)”的舉例說明，上下文語意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IhadnotvisitedEtonformanyyears.Whenone-daypassingfromtheFellows’LibraryintotheGallery,Icaughtsightofthe____21____ofmyschoolfriendDigbyDolbenhangingjustwithoutthedooramongourmost____22____contemporaries.Iwas____23____arrestedandasIstoodgazingonit,my____24____askedmeifIknewwhoitwas.IwasthinkingthatImustbealmosttheonlypersonwhowouldknowhim.Far____25____ofmyboyhoodwerecrowding____26____uponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery____27____:outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.____28____,howcameDolbenthere?Itwas____29____hewasapoet;andyethispoemswerenotknown.Theywerecarefully_____30_____byhisfamilyandafewfriends.Indeed,suchofhispoemsascouldhavecometotheeyesoftheauthoritieswhoapprovedofthismemorialwouldnot_____31_____it.Therewasanother_____32_____—theportraitbearsitsowncertification.Thoughyoumightnotperhapsunderstandthepoetinit,youcanseethesoulimmersedindeepthought,thehabitofstainless(無瑕的)life,of_____33_____,ofenthusiasmforhighideals.Suchabeingmusthave_____34_____remarkablyamonghisfellows.Whenhisearlydeathendeared(使價(jià)值更高)hismemory,lovinggriefwouldgenerously_____35_____himtheglorywhichhehadneverworn.21.A.statue B.character C.portrait D.theme22.A.valuable B.distinguished C.familiar D.gracious23.A.wholly B.partly C.curiously D.secretly24.A.peers B.chairman C.leader D.companion25.A.judgment B.thought C.memories D.behaviour26.A.hurriedly B.freshly C.anxiously D.eagerly27.A.selective B.splendid C.handsome D.challenging28.A.Yet B.Therefore C.Thus D.However29.A.because B.why C.that D.what30.A.observed B.captured C.illustrated D.guarded31.A.operate B.promote C.justify D.permit32.A.appreciation B.reason C.cause D.effect33.A.devotion B.ambition C.imagination D.symbol34.A.broughtabout B.stoodfor C.stoodout D.broughtin35.A.interpret B.grant C.appoint D.identify【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者回到多年未到訪的伊頓學(xué)校，偶然經(jīng)過圖書館進(jìn)入畫廊時(shí)，看到了他的校友迪格比·多爾本的肖像掛在門外，和同時(shí)代最杰出的人在一起，這讓作者感到困惑。【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.D29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.B【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我從研究員圖書館走進(jìn)畫廊時(shí)，我看到了我的同學(xué)迪格比·多爾本的肖像，就掛在門外，和我們同時(shí)代最杰出的人在一起。A.statue雕像；B.character角色；C.portrait肖像；D.theme主題。根據(jù)下文“hanging”和“Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery:outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.”可知，作者看到的是同學(xué)的肖像掛在畫廊墻上。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我從研究員圖書館走進(jìn)畫廊時(shí)，我看到了我的同學(xué)迪格比·多爾本的肖像，就掛在門外，和我們同時(shí)代最杰出的人在一起。A.valuable有價(jià)值的；B.distinguished杰出的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.gracious優(yōu)雅的。結(jié)合常識和下文“Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery:outstandingdistinctionofbirthorexcellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.”可知，伊頓學(xué)校肖像畫廊掛的都是杰出的人士的肖像。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝視著它，我的同伴問我是否知道這是誰。A.wholly完全地；B.partly部分地；C.curiously好奇地；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)下文“Istoodgazingonit”可知，作者完全被其吸引并駐足凝視。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝視著它，我的同伴問我是否知道這是誰。A.peers同齡人；B.chairman主席；C.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者；D.companion同伴。根據(jù)下文“askedmeifIknewwhoitwas”可知，是同行的其他同伴問作者。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：童年時(shí)代的遙遠(yuǎn)記憶鮮活地涌上我的心頭，他又站在我身邊，熱切地承諾著他的青春。A.judgment判斷；B.thought思想；C.memories回憶，記憶；D.behaviour行為。根據(jù)下文“myboyhoodwerecrowdinguponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.”可知，作者回想起往事，記憶涌上心頭。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：童年時(shí)代的遙遠(yuǎn)記憶鮮活地涌上我的心頭，他又站在我身邊，熱切地承諾著他的青春。A.hurriedly匆忙地；B.freshly新鮮地；C.anxiously焦慮地；D.eagerly渴望地。根據(jù)下文“hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth”可知，作者對當(dāng)年的格比·多爾本記憶猶新。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)伊頓公學(xué)老校友