2024屆中考英語題型過關(guān)專題3.推理判斷解題技巧（解析版）

③察言觀色，依據(jù)作者所陳述的細節(jié)、事實以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。方法1邏輯推理法邏輯推理法，即根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系，對文章片段或全文進行深層理解來解答題目。常以時間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音。主要考查學(xué)生對文章細節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaroundyourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremakingprogress.Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.A.verynecessary B.nothelpfulatall C.veryboring D.notimportantStep1：定位到段：分析理解題干和選項后，結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞“Englishexercisesandtests”可定位至第二段。Step2：定位到句：定位至線索句“However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish”Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)文中However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish可知，通過做練習(xí)和參加考試，你可以真正提高你的英語水平，即做練習(xí)和測試非常有必要。故選A。方法2觀點態(tài)度判定法觀點態(tài)度判定法，就是從作者的措詞、語氣或?qū)δ硞€細節(jié)的把握來推斷作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)出來的態(tài)度，以及對事物的評價。主要考查學(xué)生對于作者陳述事件時所表達出的個人觀點態(tài)度的推斷能力。WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.C.Hecan'tunderstand.D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.Step1：定位線索句題干詢問作者對于做家務(wù)的態(tài)度，關(guān)鍵詞是doingchores，由此定位線索句為“Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.”；Step2：分析線索句線索句意為“做家務(wù)可以讓學(xué)生有責(zé)任感，教會他們規(guī)則和團隊合作的精神。此外，它可以使學(xué)生的在校經(jīng)歷更有意義?！保纱丝芍髡邔τ谧黾覄?wù)的態(tài)度是積極的，是支持認可的；Step3：選定答案結(jié)合選項可知，begoodforstudents對學(xué)生有益符合作者的觀點態(tài)度，正確答案為D。方法3目的意圖判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對作者闡述的目的進行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwasteStep1：分析理解題干：核心詞匯理解purpose目的；選項理解： A.介紹一些回收廢棄物的方法B.告訴讀者塑料的問題C.比較空氣污染和塑料污染D.描述美國如何減少塑料垃圾；Step2：概括文章大意：通讀全文可知，本文介紹了塑料垃圾的污染問題及其危害，還有各國政府采取的措施；Step3：定位答案：目的是告訴讀者塑料帶來的環(huán)境問題。正確答案為B。方法4文章出處判定法文章出處判定法，就是根據(jù)文章的語言、用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。主要考查學(xué)生對各種文章出處的特點和常識的掌握能力，以及對文章的體裁和題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearnedmoreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),youfoundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Justtakethefirststep.Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.A.astorybook B.anewspaper C.anadvertisement D.aguidebookStep1：題干選項理解：明確試題考查點為“文章出處”，選項釋義如下：A.astorybook 故事書 B.anewspaper報紙 C.anadvertisement 廣告 D.aguidebook導(dǎo)游指南Step2：總結(jié)歸納文章大意：通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)更多固然是很好的，但是如果你所做的只是學(xué)習(xí)而不是實踐，那么是時候改變現(xiàn)狀，邁出第一步了。Step3：定位答案：由此可推知，本文更有可能在報紙當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)。正確答案為B。方法5讀者對象判定法讀者對象判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出文章是針對哪個群體閱讀的。主要考查學(xué)生的概括和推斷能力。Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌)?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.teachers B.parents C.child D.thepoliceStep1：題干選項理解：明確試題考查點為“讀者對象”，選項釋義如下：A.teachers老師B.parents父母C.child孩子D.thepolice警察Step2：概括文章大意及線索句：通讀全文可知本篇文章主要介紹了如何應(yīng)對網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌，特別是第二段中Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.可知，當(dāng)你收到有害信息時，你應(yīng)該把它們交給老師、家長或警察。Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)文章大意及線索句可知，本文主要是寫給孩子的。確定答案為C。方法6寫作目的判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對作者闡述的目的進行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwasteStep1：分析理解題干：核心詞匯理解purpose目的；選項理解： A.介紹一些回收廢棄物的方法B.告訴讀者塑料的問題C.比較空氣污染和塑料污染D.描述美國如何減少塑料垃圾；Step2：概括文章大意：通讀全文可知，本文介紹了塑料垃圾的污染問題及其危害，還有各國政府采取的措施；Step3：定位答案：目的是告訴讀者塑料帶來的環(huán)境問題。確定答案為B。方法7論證方式判定法論證方式判定法，就是對文章提出的觀點舉例子，列數(shù)字，作比較等方式去支撐文章中提出的觀點，證明觀點的合理性。主要考查學(xué)生對題干的理解，及線索句的定位和理解能力。TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(證明)that____A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthingsD.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.Step1：分析理解題干：題干理解“提到三星首席執(zhí)行官的演講是為了證明”；選項釋義，A.三星過去生產(chǎn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。B.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將更快地進入我們的日常生活。C.他花了很多時間談?wù)撐锫?lián)網(wǎng)D.三星的產(chǎn)品是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一部分；Step2：定位線索句：根據(jù)Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).可知引用三星CEO的這段話，主要是為了證明第一句話：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的到來可能比你想象的要早。Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合線索句分析可知其前后是例證關(guān)系。ACD三項均與段落大意無關(guān)，確定答案為B。方法8篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法，就是對文章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)，或者段落中某事件的結(jié)構(gòu)進行分析總結(jié)，常以排序或結(jié)構(gòu)圖示等來考查。主要考查學(xué)生對整體文章內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.Inwesterncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,theyusuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesomemoneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“l(fā)eavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleareexpectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscanmakealotofmoney!Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,justasthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4)A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④Step1：分析理解題干：分析題干可知，本題考查點是“文章結(jié)構(gòu)”；Step2：分析文章每段的段落大意：第一段先總的來說人們對于好的禮儀有著不同的觀點；第二段和第三段分別講西方國家和中國在超市或飯店里的一些現(xiàn)象以及人們付錢的不同；第四段總結(jié)全文，當(dāng)我們?nèi)e的國家旅游的時候要入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合每段的段落大意可知，全篇文章屬于總-分-總的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定答案為A。（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Comeon,Amy.YoumustTRYHARDER.Amytoldherselfsilently.Shewasinherclass’Second-Day-of-SchoolGamewithherteammates,whomsheonlymetyesterday.Thiswasherfirstchancetomakenewfriends,andshewasnervous.SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.Luckily,nooneseemedtocareaboutit.Thisrelaxedheralot.SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(線索)andhadbeentothepostoffice.Nowtheywereinfrontofthecinema.Henrywasreadingaloudthethirdclue:Gotoourtownfounder’slastrestingplace.IknowTHISONE!Amythought,excited.“Tothecemetery(墓地)”Cindysaid.“No,wait!”Amysaid.“I’vereadaboutit.Thefounderwasburiednearthelibrary.”“Wow.I’vewalkedbyeveryday,”Tylersaid.“Neverknewthat!”“Goodjob!Thatwillsavevaluabletime,”CindysmiledatAmy.“Westillneedtohurry,”Tylerreminded,pointingtotheYellowTeamcomingnear.“Iknowashortcut!”Henrysuggested.“Followme!”Noonemoved.“No,seriously,”Henrysaid.“YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.”Theothersfinallyagreed.Afewsharpturns,andtheywerethere!ThistimeAmyreadthecluealoud:Nowgototheplacewherethefootballisrunningaround!“Thefootballstadium!”Theycalledouttogetherandstartedtorun…Nowthey’dgotthefinalclue:Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyandyou’llbeastar!Lookingcloselyatthemap,everyonethoughthard.“Aha!Astar!”Cindysuddenlybrokethesilence.Shequicklytookoutapencil.Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.Theywerecloserandcloser,andfinallycrossedthefinishline-justonestepbehindtheRedTeam!“So…close…”Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.“Nicejob,newgirl,”CindygaveAmyahigh-five.“Thatwasreallyfun,”saidHenry.“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”“Me,too,”Amyagreed,smiling.1．WhatdoesthebeginningofthestorytellusaboutAmy?A．Shedidn’twanttoplaythegame. B．Shewasanewstudentinherclass.C．ShewasamemberoftheRedTeam. D．Shedidn’tunderstandthegamerules.2．WhydidtheteamletHenryleadthewayatlast?A．Heranfastestintheteam. B．Theydidn’tknowtheway.C．Theytrustedhisrichexperience. D．Hewasbestatplayingthegame.3．Wherewasthefinishlineofthegame?A．Inthepark. B．Nexttothepostoffice.C．Infrontofthecinema. D．Outsidethelibrary.4．WhydidAmysmileattheendofthestory?A．Herteamcameinfirst. B．Shewasacceptedasafriend.C．Shenolongerfeltnervous. D．Therewouldbeagamesoon.【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了艾米在新的團隊中發(fā)揮了作用，最終她被當(dāng)作朋友接受的故事。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thiswasherfirstchancetomakenewfriends,andshewasnervous.”以及“SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.”可推斷艾米是班里的新學(xué)生。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Henrysaid.‘YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.’Theothersfinallyagreed.”（亨利說?！澳阒牢铱偸沁t到。我知道城里所有的近路?！逼渌俗罱K同意了。）可知團隊最后讓亨利帶路是相信他豐富的經(jīng)驗。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(線索)”可知最開始的地方是在公園；根據(jù)“Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyandyou’llbeastar!”（看看你去過哪里，看看你在哪里。明智地使用你的地圖，你將成為一個明星?。┙Y(jié)合圖片可知，走過的路線要形成一個五角星，結(jié)合“Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.”和“Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.”可知比賽的終點線在公園，故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“‘So…close…’Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.”以及“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”可知，艾米在故事的結(jié)尾笑了是因為她被當(dāng)作朋友接受了。故選B。（2023·河南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Plunk!Idroppedanotherpecan(山核桃)intomybasket.Thenagentleautumnwindblewsomemoreoffthetree.Irantopickthemup.Whew!Pecanpickingwashard.Mybasketwasonlyhalffull.Iwasvisitingmygrandpa’sfarminKansas,andGrandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecansforustoenjoylater.Iwasn’tabouttolethimdown.Thensomethingcaughtmyeye:asquirrelpickedupapecan,climbedupatreeanddisappearedintoalargehole.Amomentlater,thesquirrelclimbeddowntothegroundtopickanotherpecan.Onceagain,hetookthepecanbacktohissecrethidingplaceinsidethehollow(洞)ofthetree.Notsosecretanymore,Ithought.Iranovertothetreeandfoundthehollowwasfilledwithsweetpecans.Theywererightthereforthetaking.Thiswasmychance.Handfulbyhandful,Itookallthepecansfromthehollow.Nowthebasketwasfull!Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn’twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI’dcollected.“Look,Grandpa,”Ishouted,“l(fā)ookatallofthepecansIfound!”Grandpatookalookatmybasket.“Well,well,howdidyoufindsomany,Jimmy?”ItoldhimhowI’dfollowedthesquirrelandtakenthepecansfromhishidingplace.Grandpacongratulatedmeonfindingoutsomethingaboutthesquirrel’shabits.Thenhedidsomethingthatsurprisedme.Hehandedthebasketbacktomeandputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders.“Thatsquirrelworkedveryhardtocollecthiswinterfood,”hesaid.“Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,don’tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?”“Ididn’tthinkaboutthat,”Isaid.“Iknow,”Grandpasaid.“Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse’shardwork,eventhesquirrel’s.”SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn’tleavemymind.TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.…根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Whydidthewritergotothewoodsatthebeginningofthestory?A．Topickuppecans. B．Tocatchlittleanimals.C．Tofeedthesquirrels. D．Tolookforhisgrandpa.2．Thewriterwasproudofhimselfbecause________.A．hewaspraisedbyhisgrandpaB．hefoundouthisgrandpa’ssecretC．hehelpedthesquirrelinthehollowD．hefilledhisbasketwithsomanypecans3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandpa?A．Kindandwise. B．Caringandhumorous.C．Shyandfriendly. D．Patientandhard-working.4．Whatisthepossibleendingtothestory?A．Thewritersentthepecanstohisneighbors.B．Thewriterputallthepecansbackintothehole.C．Thewriterhidthepecansinhisgrandpa’shouse.D．Thewriterenjoyedallthepecanswithhisfamily.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Anunusualtree B．ThestolenpecansC．Asmartsquirrel D．Themagicbasket【答案】1．A2．D3．A4．B5．B【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了作者把松鼠樹洞里的山核桃據(jù)為己有，帶回家給爺爺看，爺爺告訴他：一個好人不應(yīng)該竊取別人的勞動成果。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Grandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecans”可知，作者去樹林里摘山核桃。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nowthebasketwasfull!Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn’twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI’dcollected.”可知，作者自豪是因為他在籃子里裝滿了山核桃。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Hehandedthebasketbacktomeandputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders.”和爺爺說的話“Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,don’tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?”，“Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse’shardwork,eventhesquirrel’s.”可知，爺爺沒有責(zé)備作者，而是耐心地告訴他不應(yīng)該竊取別人的勞動成果，拿走松鼠的食物，冬天它會挨餓。由此可知，爺爺是善良并且有智慧的。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn’tleavemymind.TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.”可知，作者明白了自己做的事情會傷害那只松鼠，所以他接下來會把山核桃送回松鼠的樹洞中。故選B。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。文章通過講述作者拿走松鼠山核桃的故事告訴我們：一個好人不應(yīng)該竊取別人的勞動成果。B項“偷來的山核桃”適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）SeiichiSano,an89-year-oldJapaneseman,ridesawaveatKataseNishihamaBeach,Thursday,March30,2023.Hehasbeenrecognizedastheoldestmaletosurf（沖浪）bytheGuinnessWorldRecords.Butmaybehewilljustkeepsurfing.“IthinkitwouldbeinterestingtotrytosurfuntilI’m100,”Sanosaid.“IthinkItakebettercareofmyselfwhenIhavedreamslikethis.Evennow,ItakebettercareofmyselfthanIdidbefore.”Sanosaidhegottheideatotrysurfingfromaworkerathislocalbank.Theman’sskinwasalwaysdarkandhedidnotlooklikeausualworker.Hissecrettokeephealthyandenergetic,hesaid,wassurfing.So,Sanofoundateacher.Sanogetsoutmostweekendsontheblack-sandbeach.“Idon’tconsidermyselfanoldman,”hesaidinhiswetsuit,boardstandingnexttohim.“Ihaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanoldperson.IalwaysfeelthatIcanstillmoveforward.Icanstilldoit.Icanstillenjoyit.”SeveralyoungstudentswhoalsoworkwithSano’ssurfteachertalkedaboutSano.“Ithinkagedoesn’tmatterinsurfing,”a12-year-oldsurfersaid.“Heissoamazing,”addedhisyoungerbrother.“Tobehonest,Iwassurprisedbyhisage,”saidSano’ssurfingteacher.“Iwasworriedthathewouldgethurt.Ididnotknowhowfithewas.”Sanostillworks9-to-5athisjob.Surfinghelpsmakehimlessstressed.“Peopleoftensaythatsurfingislifeitself,”hesaid.“Ithinkitistrue.”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recognized”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Led. B．Given. C．Accepted. D．Collected.2．Paragraph3mainlytellsus________.A．whereSanolearnttosurf B．whySanotriedsurfingC．howSanoplannedtosurf D．whenSanowentsurfing3．FromthewordsoftheyoungstudentsandSano’ssurfteacher,wecaninfer________.A．theyrespectSanoverymuch B．Sano’sageinfluenceshissurfingC．they’reworriedaboutSano’swork D．Sanoisoftenhurtwhenpractising4．Accordingtothepassage,weknowSano________.A．istoooldtostartsurfing B．getsboredwithsurfingC．feelsstressedaftersurfing D．enjoysalotfromsurfing【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了被吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄認定為年齡最大的男性沖浪者SeiichiSano。1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Hehasbeenrecognizedastheoldestmaletosurf（沖浪）bytheGuinnessWorldRecords.”可知，他被吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄認定為年齡最大的男性沖浪者。recognized意為“認定”，與accepted同義。故選C。2．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Hissecrettokeephealthyandenergetic,hesaid,wassurfing.So,Sanofoundateacher.”可知，第三段講述他嘗試去沖浪的原因。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ithinkagedoesn’tmatterinsurfing”和“Tobehonest,Iwassurprisedbyhisage”可知，師生們很佩服他沖浪沒有受到年齡的限制，可推測他們都很尊重他。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Surfinghelpsmakehimlessstressed.‘Peopleoftensaythatsurfingislifeitself,’hesaid.‘Ithinkitistrue.’”可知，沖浪有助于減輕他的壓力。他認同“沖浪就是生活本身”這種說法，說明他很喜歡沖浪。故選D。（2023·山東濟南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,risingtemperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.HeisaprofessoratauniversityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(氣候)change.TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappennaturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.Buthowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnow?Togetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezingtemperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.“Thewarmertheairbecomes,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,thesnowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperaturesstayabovefreezing,snowstormsbecomerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,yearsfromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”1．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges. B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.C．Whatproducescarbondioxide. D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.2．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext?A．Lesscoal. B．Drierweather.C．Longerwinters. D．Strongersnowstorms.3．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．TointroduceD．C．B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.4．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures?A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.5．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencemagazine. B．Astorybook.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelguide.【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．B5．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講了溫度上升與更多的暴風(fēng)雪是否有關(guān)系的問題。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.”可知，第二段主要介紹了導(dǎo)致氣溫上升的原因。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.”可知，變暖的溫度會導(dǎo)致更強的暴風(fēng)雪。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD.C.region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,…averagewintertemperaturesinD.C.increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通過陳述華盛頓地區(qū)的事實，進一步印證了Robinson的觀點。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.”以及“AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.”可推知，Robinson認為未來全球變暖，氣溫升高會很嚴(yán)重。故選B。5．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了溫度上升與更多的暴風(fēng)雪是否有關(guān)系的問題。故可推知，文章可能來源于一本科學(xué)雜志。故選A。（2023·山東濟南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Agardenismuchmorethanjustcreatingabeautifulenvironment.Itcanbeawaytosaveorevenmakemoneyand,morethanthat,itcanbeaplacewhereyoucanexpressyourself.Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13-year-oldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))outofit.Ihavelearnedmanythingsthesepastfewyears.Ihavebeenreadingaboutanddoingsomegardening.So,hereismytopadviceaboutgardening.First,youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneytohaveabeautifulgarden.SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(裝飾)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeoplehavethrownaway.Ifyoujustrememberthatplantingwhatismorethanyouneedwilltakethestressawayoflosingsomeplants,youwillsaveyourselfalotofworry,too.Besides,youneedtoaskyourselfwhichplantsproduceenoughfoodtomakethemworthgrowing.Iactuallysatdownanddidthemathsonthatonethisspring.Itamazedmewhatsomeplantswereworth.Atomato,forexample,canproduce￡50-￡150worthoffruit.Ittakesupalotofspacebutthat’salotofmoneycomingoutofa50-penceseed(種子)!SoifIhadknownearlierwhateachplantcouldsaveus,Iwouldhavetoldmyparentstofillourgardenwithdifferentplants.Andfinally,gardeningdoesn’thavetobeallornothing.ButthenIguessthat’smoreofapersonalityweaknessthananything.Istrugglewithdoingthingsalittleatatime.OnceIdecidetodosomething,Iusuallydevoteeverywakinghourtoitforalittlewhileandthengettired.Soit’sokaytojusthaveonetomatoplant,andit’sokaytohaveanoffyear.Itwillsaveyoualotofstress.1．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutgardeninginparagraph1?A．Thegardenerscanmakemuchmoney.B．It’sjustaboutcreatingabeautifulplace.C．Themostimportantistoexpressyourself.D．Itmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.2．Howwouldthewriterdescribeherfavoritegarden?A．Simple. B．Expensive. C．Magic. D．Creative.3．Whatadvicedoesthewritergiveusaboutgardening?A．Usewhatwecanfindaroundus. B．Trytomakeacareeroutofit.C．Askothergardenerstogivehelp. D．Spendasmuchtimeaswecan.4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriter’sgardeningexperience?A．Shewantstogroweverything.B．Shedideverythingright.C．Shehasalotoffunindoingit.D．Sheneedstoworkharder.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devote”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Waste. B．Spend. C．Change. D．Count.【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．C5．B【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了作者對園藝的看法，作者也對園藝提供了一些建議。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13-year-oldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))outofit.”可知，園藝對作者來說，有著重要的意義。故可推知，作者在第一段告訴我們園藝對不同的人意味著不同的東西。故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(裝飾)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.”可推知，作者描述的最喜歡的花園是簡單的。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeoplehavethrownaway.”可推知，作者建議利用周圍能找到的東西。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13-year-oldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))outofit.”以及“Itwillsaveyoualotofstress.”可推知，她做這件事很開心。故選C。5．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“OnceIdecidetodosomething,Iusuallydevoteeverywakinghourtoitforalittlewhileandthengettired.”可知，一旦作者決定做某件事，通常會很投入，然后就會感到疲倦。因此“devote”與“Spend”語義相近。故選B。（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）Youstandinagarden.Alownoisereachesyourears.Youseeasmallinsectflyingnearyourhead.Youturntolook,anditfliesoutofsight.Thereitisagain!Youmoveslowly.Youcanseeyellowandblackstripesonit.Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.Beesfold(折疊)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisins