新教材人教版英語(yǔ)教師用書(shū)Unit1教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼

1．congratulatevt.向(某人)道賀；(因某事)為自己感到自豪→congratulationn．祝賀；恭喜2．religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj宗教的；篤信宗教的3．joyn．高興；喜悅→joyfuladj高興的；快樂(lè)的4．a(chǎn)griculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝→agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)(勞動(dòng)/生產(chǎn))的5．decoratevt.裝飾；裝潢→decorationn．裝飾；裝潢6．significantadj.有重大意義的；顯著的→significancen．意義；重要性；意思7．typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→typicallyadv.典型地；有代表性地；平常地8．mercialadj.商業(yè)(化)的；以獲利為目的的→mercialisevt.使商業(yè)化；利用……牟利→mercialisationn．商業(yè)化9．beliefn．信仰；信心；信任→believevt.相信10．occasionn．特別的事情(或儀式、慶典)；(適當(dāng)?shù)?機(jī)會(huì)→occasionaladj.偶然的；臨時(shí)的；特殊場(chǎng)合的→occasionallyadv.偶爾；間或1．marchvt.使前進(jìn)，使行軍vi.行進(jìn)；前進(jìn)；示威游行；進(jìn)行n．行進(jìn)；行軍；示威游行；進(jìn)行曲；三月①Attheendofthemarch，Iwasverytired. 行軍②Inourcountry，springlastsfromMarchtoMay. 三月③About5，000peoplemarchedthroughthecitytofightagainstthewar. 示威游行④Wemarched50kmacrossthefoothills.進(jìn)行，行軍⑤MrCartermarchedusintotheprincipal'soffice.使某人前進(jìn)2．figuren．人物；數(shù)字；身材vt.認(rèn)為；認(rèn)定；計(jì)算；象征vi.計(jì)算；出現(xiàn)；扮演角色①Howdoyoufigurehecanlivewithoutme. 認(rèn)為②Heisthefigureofauthoritythatwehavetodealwith. 人物③I'msurethatourfigureiscorrectandexact. 數(shù)字④She'salwayshadagoodfigure. 身材⑤Ihadn'tfiguredongettinghomesolate.計(jì)算、算到⑥Ican'tfigureouthowtodothis. 弄懂WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1)congratulationn．祝賀；恭喜(教材P2)receivecongratulationsfrom...收到來(lái)自……的祝賀[例1]Iwanttoexpressmysincerecongratulationsonyoursuccess.我想對(duì)你的成功表示誠(chéng)摯的祝賀。[例2]Weofferedourcongratulationstothewinners.我們向獲勝者祝賀。[造句]祝賀你在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)方面取得大的進(jìn)步。CongratulationsonyourmakinggreatprogressinlearningChinese.[知識(shí)拓展](1)congratulationn． 祝賀；恭喜congratulationstosb.onsth. 祝賀某人某事Congratulations! 恭喜你！(2)congratulatesb.oneq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.,doingsth.)) 就……向某人祝賀congratulateoneselfon(doing)sth. 感到自豪；暗自慶幸；為自己高興[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Shecongratulated(congratulate)mewarmlyonmyexamresultsintheNMETlastweek.②Youcancongratulateyourselfonhavingdoneanexcellentjob.③—IhavepassedtheEnglishtest，thoughmymarkisonlyC.—Congratulations(congratulate)．AndIbelieveyoucandoitbetternexttime.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2)afterall畢竟；別忘了(教材P3)Afterall，asyouknow，Ilovetodance!正如你所知，畢竟，我愛(ài)舞蹈。[例1]Thinkofit，afterall，wehavetopay.想想啊，畢竟我們?cè)?jīng)都付出了。[例2]Afterall，I'myourbestfriend.別忘了，我是你最好的朋友。[造句]你應(yīng)該對(duì)這些學(xué)生們寬容一點(diǎn)。畢竟他們還都是孩子。Youshouldbeeasyonthesestudents.Afterall，theyarekids.[知識(shí)拓展]aboveall 最重要的是；尤其是allinall 整體說(shuō)來(lái)；總而言之inall 全部；合計(jì)atall (否定句)一點(diǎn)也不；(疑問(wèn)句)到底；究竟firstofall 首先[明辨異同]aboveall/afterall/firstofall/inallaboveall意為“最重要的是；尤其是”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的重要性。afterall畢竟；究竟，導(dǎo)出原因，通常放在句首。firstofall意為“首先”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的排列順序。inall意為“總共；總計(jì)”。[即學(xué)即練]用all的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①Firstofall(首先)，letthemintroducethemselvestous.②Hehasdoneitwell.Afterall(畢竟)，heisonlyalearner.③I'dliketobuyahousefirstofall(首先)modern，fortable，andaboveall(尤其是)inaquietneighborhood.④Allinall(總而言之)，everyroadleadstoRome，andIdobelievehardworkpaysoff.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3)(教材P4)Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins，suchastheseasonsoftheyear，religions，famousfiguresandimportantevents.它們有各種各樣的起源，例如一年中的各個(gè)季節(jié)，各種宗教，著名人物和一些重大事件等。(1)rangen．種類；范圍；幅度；界限v.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)；變化；排列[例1]Shehasawiderangeofinterests.她有廣泛的興趣愛(ài)好。[例2]Hiringandfiringarebothwithintherangeofhisresponsibilities.招聘和解雇員工都在他的職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)。[造句]她做過(guò)許多不同的工作，從清潔工到公交司機(jī)都做過(guò)。Shehashadanumberofdifferentjobs，rangingfromcleanertobusdriver.[知識(shí)拓展](1)afull/widerangeof 各種各樣的……；范圍廣泛的；一套； 一系列in/withinrange(of...) 在(……)可及的范圍內(nèi)beyond/outofrange(of...) 超出(……的)范圍(2)rangefromAtoB 在A到B范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)rangebetweenAandB 在A和B范圍之間變動(dòng)[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2017·北京卷)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.②Whendrivingonhighways，thedrivermustcontrolhisorherspeedwithin/intherangeofspeed-limiting.[小片段助記](méi)Thereareawiderangeofanimalsinthezoo，rangingfromcatstotigers.Thetigerscanrangebetweenthetworoomsbutcan'tmovebeyond/outofthefenceofthehouse.(2)figuren．畫(huà)像；雕像；人物；身材；體形；數(shù)字；圖表；插圖v.估計(jì)；計(jì)算；認(rèn)為[例1]IfigurethatyouknowmoreabouttheMBA.我認(rèn)為有關(guān)MBA你知道的更多。[例2]Ourtextbookhasmanyfigurestohelpexplainthelessons.我們的教科書(shū)里有很多插圖來(lái)幫助解釋課程內(nèi)容。[造句](2017·北京卷)如果你不了解某個(gè)事物，你可以研究、學(xué)習(xí)、與其他人探討，直到你把它弄清楚。Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.[知識(shí)拓展](1)figureout 理解；想出；計(jì)算出；弄明白(2)keepone'sfigure 保持體形haveagoodfigure 身材好apolitical/publicfigure 一位政治/公眾人物[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①TohelpthemfigureoutourfestivalofQingMing，wetookthemtoourtown.②Itwouldbeveryniceifwehadatruefigureofhowmanypeopleinthiscountryhaven'tgotajob.③TheStatueofLibertystandingonanislandinNewYorkHarborisafigureofawoman.[小片段助記](méi)Lucyisregardedasoneofthemostinspiringfiguresinourtown，shegetsuptotakeexerciseeverydayandshealsobuysmanybooksinwhichhavemanyfigureswithagoodfigure.NowIfigureouthowshehaskeptherfigureforalltheseyears.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4)gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割(教材P4)Thisimportantagriculturalfestivaltakesplaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.這一重要的農(nóng)耕節(jié)日(一般)會(huì)在所有農(nóng)作物收割完畢后舉行。[例1]Cloudsgatherbeforeathunderstorm.在風(fēng)暴來(lái)臨之前云層聚集。[例2]Hetookthetroubletogatherthematerialsforme.他不辭辛勞地為我收集資料。[例3]Thefarmersaregatheringcropsinthefields.農(nóng)民們正在田野里收割莊稼。[造句]越冬的糧食收集起來(lái)了，農(nóng)活結(jié)束了，人們都心懷感激。Peoplearegratefulbecauseastheirfoodgatheredforthewinter，theagriculturalworkisover.[知識(shí)拓展]gatherexperience積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)[明辨異同]gather/collectgather意為“收集，聚集”，指把分散的東西或抽象的東西聚集起來(lái)，也可指把人集中、聚集起來(lái)。collect意為“收集，采集”，著重于計(jì)劃性和選擇性含義，指有計(jì)劃、有目的、有選擇地“收集”。[即學(xué)即練]用gather和collect的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thecaptaingatheredallthesoldiersbeforehim，tellingthemtogetreadyforthefight.②Wehavecollected30samplesfromover200patients.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5)significantadj.有重大意義的，顯著的(教材P4)Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals，butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.習(xí)俗在節(jié)日中起著重要的作用，但是有時(shí)他們也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而變化。[例1]Themostsignificantthingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatmostofthequestionsareeasyifyoumakeuseofcorrectmethods.你應(yīng)該牢記的最重要的事情是如果你使用正確的方法的話，大部分問(wèn)題是容易的。[例2]Thetasktookhimasignificantamountoftime.這份工作花了他大量的時(shí)間。[造句]老師及時(shí)的鼓勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生很重要。Timelyencouragementfromateacherisverysignificant/isofgreatsignificancetohis/herstudents.[知識(shí)拓展]significancen． 重要性；意義beofgreatsignificance＝beverysignificant 非常重要beofnosignificance 無(wú)意義，不重要attachsignificanceto 重視……[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]常見(jiàn)“be＋of＋抽象名詞”的短語(yǔ)：①beofsignificance＝besignificant②beofimportance＝beimportant③beofvalue＝bevaluable④beofhelp＝behelpful⑤beofuse＝beuseful[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)nmyview，practicinghandwritingisofgreatsignificance(significant)tothestudents'growth.②Sheshowedspecialconcernforthecollegestudentsandattachedmuchsignificance(significant)toeducatingthem.③Itissignificant(significance)thatnowadaysfiberisstillconsideredtobeanimportantpartofahealthydiet.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6)typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；一貫的；平常的(教材P4)OneexampleisthetypicalChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandcelebratethenewyear.為了驅(qū)逐惡鬼和慶祝新年，中國(guó)人在春節(jié)燃放鞭炮的習(xí)俗就是一個(gè)典型的例子。[例1]Thispaintingisfairlytypicalofhisearlyworks.這幅畫(huà)是他早期作品中相當(dāng)?shù)湫偷拇碜鳌例2]Itistypicalofhimtoplayjokesonothers.他一向喜歡取笑別人。[造句]他一向喜歡幫助那些處于逆境的人。Itistypicalofhimtohelpthosewhoareintrouble.[知識(shí)拓展]betypicalof...在…… 中典型的；……有代表性的it'stypicalofsb.todosth. 某人做某事一向如此[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)t'stypicalofhimtoetoschoollate.②Typically(typical)，healwayslistenstomusicwhiledoingsomewashing.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7)inspiteof不管；盡管(教材P4)AnotherexampleisHalloween，whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren，inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.另一個(gè)例子是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)，它慢慢地變成了一個(gè)讓孩子們很興奮的節(jié)日而盡管它起源于宗教。[例1]Hewouldgoinspiteofourwarning.盡管我們提出警告他還是要去。[例2]Inspiteofthetroublesofthepasttwoyears，therecouldbelightattheendofthetunnel.盡管在過(guò)去的兩年里麻煩不斷，但我們相信總有豁然開(kāi)朗的那天。[造句]盡管在這點(diǎn)上我們不能達(dá)成一致，我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥选nspiteofourdisagreementonthispoint，wearestillfriends.[明辨異同]regardlessof/despite/inspiteofregardlessof強(qiáng)調(diào)認(rèn)為……不重要，從而不加以重視或考慮。后可接whether，what引導(dǎo)的從句。despite/inspiteof后常接名詞，不接從句。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Sheisdeterminedtodoitregardlessofallconsequences.②Dr.Bethunecontinuedworkinginspiteofcuttinghishandduringanoperation.③Hewentfishingdespitethebadweather.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)8)(教材P5)Theyreflectedpeople'swishes，beliefs，faiths，andattitudestowardslife.它們反映了人們的希望，信心，宗教信仰和對(duì)生活的態(tài)度。(1)reflectv．映照；反射；思考；顯示[例1]Yourchoiceofclothesreflectsyourpersonality.你對(duì)服飾的選擇反映了你的性格特點(diǎn)。[例2]Shecouldseeherfacereflectedinthewater.她可以看見(jiàn)映在水中的自己的臉。[例3]Thelikelyreactionsofthemarketneedtobereflectedon/uponbeforeweact.我們采取行動(dòng)之前需要思考市場(chǎng)可能的反應(yīng)。[造句]你應(yīng)該留出時(shí)間反思你的成功和失敗。Youshouldsetasidesometimetoreflecton/uponyoursuccessesandfailures.[知識(shí)拓展](1)reflectsb./sth.insth. (指鏡子等)映出某人/物的影像reflecton/uponsth. 思考某事；回憶某事(2)reflectionn. 反射；反照；反映；映像belostinreflection 陷入深思中[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)tseemsbeautifulthatthetallbuildingsarereflected(reflect)inthelakearoundwhichtherearemanytrees.②Usuallyachild'sbehaviourisareflection(reflect)ofhisfamilyrelationshipandgrowthenvironment.[小片段助記](méi)Lookingatthereflectionofthetreesinthelake，Ireflectedonsomereasonsthatexplainedthephenomenonreflectedinthepicture.(2)faithn．宗教信仰；信任；相信[例1]Artisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaithofapeople.藝術(shù)是受一個(gè)民族生活習(xí)俗和信仰影響的。[例2]Ihavegreatfaithinyou.Iknowyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.我非常相信你，我知道終有一天你會(huì)成功。[造句]她對(duì)我的能力很有信心。Shehasgreatfaithinmyability.[知識(shí)拓展](1)havefaithinsb./sth. 信任某人某事losefaithinsb./sth. 對(duì)……失去信心(2)faithfuladj. 忠實(shí)的；忠誠(chéng)的(3)faithfullyadv. 忠實(shí)地；忠誠(chéng)地[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Undernocircumstanceshallwelosefaithinthefuture.②Asweknow，dogsarefaithfulfriendsofhuman.[小片段助記](méi)Weshouldhavefaithinourselvesandfriends.Ifwelostfaithinthem，wemaynotmakefaithfulfriendsanymore，meanwhileweshouldtreatourfriendsfaithfully.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”句式(教材P4)However，nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem，allovertheworld，thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceismoninallfestivals.然而，在全世界所有的節(jié)日中，不管它們看起來(lái)是多么的不同，但共享喜悅，感恩，愛(ài)與和平的精神是一致的。句式分析：“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句前或主句后。[例1]Today，bothmaleandfemaleathletesfromaroundtheworldcantakepart，nomatterwhatnationtheyefrom.如今，世界各地的男女運(yùn)動(dòng)員都能參加，無(wú)論他們來(lái)自哪個(gè)國(guó)家。[例2]Nomatterwhereyougo，I'llfollowyou.不管你去哪里，我都會(huì)跟著。[造句]法網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏。Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw，hemustbepunished.[知識(shí)拓展](1)whenever，wherever，however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhen/where/how。(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.②Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourfinances，noonecanpredictwhentheunexpectedwillhappen.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P5)Festivalsarebeingmoreandmoremercial，withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations.隨著商業(yè)對(duì)各種慶祝活動(dòng)的利用，節(jié)日也變得越來(lái)越商業(yè)化了。句式分析：句中withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。[例1]Withtheexamingnear，Ifeltverynervous.隨著考試的臨近，我感覺(jué)十分緊張。[例2]Withalocalguideleadingtheway，wegotthereeasily.有當(dāng)?shù)叵驅(qū)罚覀兒苋菀拙偷搅四莾?。[造句]隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他變得越來(lái)越勤奮了。Withtimegoingby，hebecamemoreandmorehard-working.[知識(shí)拓展](1)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋todo(表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作)(2)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋doing(表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行)(3)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋done(表示被動(dòng)或完成)(4)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)/adj./adv.[即學(xué)即練]①Withaguidetoshow(show)usaroundthescenicspots，we'resuretohaveagoodtime.②Withseveralproblemsremaining(remain)tobesolved，westillneedtoholdanothermeetingassoonaspossible.③Withmoreandmoreforestsdamaged(damage)，someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.④WithJohnaway，we'vegotmoreroom.⑤Withabookinhishand，helefthisoffice.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式3)makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todo句型(教材P5)Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站和社交媒體軟件的應(yīng)用讓公眾更容易花更多的錢(qián)為所愛(ài)的人買(mǎi)禮物了。句式分析：句中madeitmucheasierforthepublictospend...，it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式tospend...。[例1]Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這產(chǎn)生了一系列反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。[例2]Weshouldmakeitaruletocleanourclassroomeverymorning.我們應(yīng)該把每天早上打掃教室當(dāng)作一條規(guī)則。[造句]我精通英語(yǔ)，這使我更容易地找到一份好工作。IhaveagoodmandofEnglish，whichmakesiteasierformetofindagoodjob.[知識(shí)拓展](1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句(2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋todo不定式(3)make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth.[提示]常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Shemadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.②Peopleinthewestmakeitaruletobuy(buy)Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.③Heisstubborn，whichmakesitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.(教材P5)Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylifeandforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.[分析]本句為復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞occasions。而relax，enjoy和forget是三個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式的并列，作allow的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。[譯文]它們也是一些讓我們放松下來(lái)，享受生活和暫時(shí)忘記工作的機(jī)會(huì)。教材高考1.weartraditionalcostumes(2019·江蘇卷)．..sincetheexchangestudentsareunlikelytoeintheirtraditionalcostumes.2....thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceismoninallfestivals.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwithjoy.3....sometraditionsmayfadeawayandothersmaybeestablished.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)選項(xiàng)49fadeaway4.Festivalsarebeingmoreandmoremercial...(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtomercializeand...5.Theyreflectpeople'swishes，beliefs，faiths，andattitudestowardslife.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneand...6.Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets，enjoyingtherelaxingatmosphere.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)選項(xiàng)50atmosphereⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Festivalsofallkindshaveawiderangeoforiginsallaroundtheworld.2．TheytravelledtoCanadaafterallthecropshadbeengathered(gather)andstored.3．Atthebeginningoftheyear，farmersusuallyhavealotofagricultural(agriculture)worktodo.4．Canyoutellmewhat'syourreligious(religion)belief?5．Theladydressedherselfupfortheget-togethertonight.6．Doyouknowwhatmostfestivalsseemtohaveinmon?7．Festivalsareplayingasignificant(significance)roleinourdailylifenow.8．Lookingatthepicturereflected(reflect)inthemirror，thebabysmiled.9．Therearesomeoccasionsinourlifewherewecansinganddancehappily.10．Iwouldbegrateful(gratefully)ifyoucouldtakemysuggestionintoconsideration.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境填空dressup；afterall；ra