江蘇牛津譯林版（2020）新高考高一Unit2NaturalDisastersWeletotheunitandReading知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Unit2NaturedisastersWeletotheunitandReading知識(shí)點(diǎn)Disaster/d?\'zarst?(r)/n.C災(zāi)難，災(zāi)害；［C,U]徹底失敗naturaldisasters自然災(zāi)害reminder/rI\'malnd?(r)/n.C引起回憶的事物，提醒人的事物hitvt.&vi.產(chǎn)生不良影響，打擊，危害escapefrom...從…中逃離escapen.[C,U]逃跑,逃脫，逃避hearabout聽說,得知county/'kaunti/n.[C]郡,縣injure/'tnd3a(r)/vt.傷害，使受傷;損害injuryn.[C,U](對(duì)軀體的)傷害,損傷;[U](對(duì)感情的)傷害atlarge整個(gè)，全部Thisarticlerepresentstheopinionofthepublicatlarge.這篇文章代表了普通大眾的意見。reaction/ri'aekfn/n.[C,U]反應(yīng),回應(yīng)holdonto抓緊,不放開;(替別人或更長時(shí)間地)保存某物Holdontomyarm.抓緊我的胳膊。Iwillholdontotheseoldstampsforeverastheywereleftbymygrandparents.我會(huì)一直留著這些老郵票的，因?yàn)樗鼈兪俏易娓改噶粝聛淼?。atthesametime同時(shí)incase以防，以防萬一crash/kraef/n.[usuallysing.]碰撞聲,破裂聲sensevt.感覺到，意識(shí)到，覺察出signal/'signal/vi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào)，示意exit/'eksit/vi.&evt.出去，離去，退場；退出n.[C]出口，通道；離開orderly/'s:dali/adj.守秩序的；有條理的,整齊的Youneedtoorganizeyourarticleinamoreorderlyway.你要把你的文章組織得更有條理一點(diǎn)。stair/stea(r)/n.[pl.]樓梯;[C]梯級(jí)rollcalln.點(diǎn)名confirm/kan'f3:m/vt.證實(shí),確認(rèn)safeandsound安然無恙的Iwon'tbeabletorelaxuntilIknowthatkidsaresafeandsound.直到知道孩子們安然無恙,我才能放心。hug/hAg/vt.擁抱,摟抱;抱緊procedure/pra'si:d3a(r)/n.[C,U]程序,步驟,手續(xù)safetyprocedure安全事務(wù)的處理程序aseriesof..一系列…racevi.&vt.(使)快速移動(dòng)，快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)odd/pd/adj.奇怪的,怪異的;偶爾的;不成對(duì)的IfindherreallyoddIcan'tfigureheroutatall.我覺得她很古怪，我一點(diǎn)兒也猜不透她。occur/a'k3:(r)/vi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn);存在于occurto被想到,浮現(xiàn)在腦中keepone'shead(在困境中)保持冷靜warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人注意某事,使某人警惕某事insist/In'sIst/vi.&evt.堅(jiān)決要求,堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)稱toone'srelief使某人寬慰的是relief/r'li:f/n.[U,sing.]寬慰,輕松personalityn.[C,U]性格,個(gè)性,人格preparedadj.準(zhǔn)備好;有所準(zhǔn)備preparefor...準(zhǔn)備防范…be/getpreparedfor...為…做好準(zhǔn)備destructive/di'straktIv/adj.引起破壞(或毀滅)的，破壞(或毀滅性)的makethe/adifference有作用,有影響tiedown綁住,拴住informed/m'fo:md/adj.了解情況的,見多識(shí)廣的keepsb.informed不斷給某人提供最新消息newsupdate最新新聞報(bào)道inthefaceof即使面對(duì)(問題、困難等)Point1.hit教材語境P16:Wecannotpreventnaturaldisasters,butisthereanythingwecandowhentheyhit?我們不能阻止自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生，但是當(dāng)它們襲來的時(shí)候，我們可以做什么呢？用法詳解（1）vt.&vi.打擊，侵襲例：Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthedamageitcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.那年早些時(shí)候，一場洪水襲擊了這個(gè)地區(qū),洪水造成的損害趕走了許多鳥兒。(2020·山東)(2)vt.(用手或器具)擊,打;撞擊,碰撞(造成損傷)例：Hehittenailontheheadwiththehammer.他用錘子對(duì)著釘子敲下去。Thecarwasoutofcontrolandthenhitatrafficsign.這輛汽車失控了,接著撞上了一個(gè)交通指示牌。(3)n.[C]打，擊；風(fēng)行一時(shí)的流行歌曲(或唱片);很受歡迎的人(或事物)例：Thehitontheheadmadehimsenseless.頭部的一擊使他昏過去了。Therecordwasagreathitandamillioncopiesweresold.這唱片非常成功,賣了100萬張。Shebeesahithere.她在這里很受歡迎。Point2injure教材語境P16：Only5studentssufferedslightinjuries,despitethecurrentfiguresof7killedandover200injuredinthedisasterareaatlarge.盡管目前災(zāi)區(qū)總體的傷亡情況是7人死亡,200多人受傷,但(在這所學(xué)校)只有5名學(xué)生受了輕傷。用法詳解：（1）injurevt.(尤指在事故中)傷害，使受傷；損害,傷害(名譽(yù)、自尊等)例：Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.到了17英里的時(shí)候，我上氣不接下氣,曾經(jīng)受過傷的腳踝疼得很厲害。Thiscouldseriouslyinjurethepany'sreputation.這會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害公司的聲譽(yù)。歸納拓展：相關(guān)詞語積累:(1)injuryn.[C,U](對(duì)軀體的)傷害,損傷例：Therewerenoinjuriesinthecrash.撞車事故中無人受傷。(2)injuredadj.受傷的；受到傷害的,委屈的theinjured受傷的人,傷員(作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)例：Thecaraccidentlefthimseriouslyinjured.他在這場車禍中受了重傷。Manyoftheinjuredarestillinaseriouscondition.很多傷者仍然情況危殆。Point3reaction教材語境P16：Herstudents'reactionwasquickandcorrecttheymovedundertheirdesks,headfirst,andheldontothelegsofthedesks.她的學(xué)生們反應(yīng)迅速、正確他們頭朝里,爬到課桌下面,并緊緊抓住桌腿。用法詳解：reactionn.[C,U]反應(yīng),回應(yīng)常見搭配：inreactiontosth.對(duì)某事物作出反應(yīng)reactiontosb./sth.對(duì)…的反應(yīng)例：Anemergencyfundwassetupinreactiontotheflood.針對(duì)這次洪災(zāi)設(shè)立了一項(xiàng)應(yīng)急基金。Whatwashisreactiontotheplan?他對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃有什么反應(yīng)?歸納拓展：相關(guān)詞語積累:（1）reactvi.回應(yīng),(對(duì)……)作出反應(yīng);(對(duì)食物等)有不良反應(yīng),過敏;起化學(xué)反應(yīng)常見搭配：reacttosth.(bydoingsth.)(通過做)對(duì)…作出反應(yīng)reactagainst...反對(duì)…,反抗……reactwithsth.與…發(fā)生反應(yīng)例：TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic.他們不確定美國人會(huì)對(duì)這種新型音樂作何反應(yīng)。Calciumreactswithwaterbutlessviolentlythansodiumandpotassiumdo.鈣能與水產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，但不如鈉及鉀那么劇烈。Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmore但當(dāng)你與朋友分享故事時(shí)，你更關(guān)心他們的反應(yīng)。Point4incase教材語境P16：Atthesametime,MissBrownquicklyopenedtheclassroomdoor,incaseitbecamedamagedduringtheshakingandcouldnotopen.與此同時(shí),布朗女士迅速打開教室的門,以防它在晃動(dòng)中損壞而無法打開。用法詳解incase意為“以防萬一;如果,假使",可單獨(dú)使用,也可引導(dǎo)從句。常見用法如下：用作連詞,表示目的,意為“以防萬一”;到學(xué)用作連詞，表示條件，意為“如果,假使”;用作副詞性短語,在句中作狀語,可單獨(dú)使用,意為"以防萬一"例：Itookmydrivinglicensewithmeonholiday,incaseIwantedtohireacar.度假時(shí)我隨身帶了駕照,以防我想要租車。(incase引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)IncasehearrivesbeforeIgetback,pleaseaskhimtowait.如果我回來前他就到了,請(qǐng)叫他等我。(incase引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)Iguesswe'vealreadytalkedaboutthisbutI'llaskyouagainjustincase.我想我們已經(jīng)談過這個(gè)問題了,不過以防萬一,我要再問你一次。(incase為副詞性短語)歸納拓展：與case相關(guān)的其他短語incaseof如果,假使inanycase無論如何,不管怎樣caseinthatcase假使那樣的話;既然那樣asisoftenthecase這是常有的事innocase決不(若置于句首,句子要使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))例：Incaseofanydifficulty,callmeatonce.如有任何困難,立即給我打。There'snocoffeeleft?InthatcaseI'llhavetea.沒咖啡了?既然如此,我就喝茶吧。InnocaseshallIforgettheexpressiononmyfather'sfacewhenIlefthomeforuniversity.我決不會(huì)忘記我離開家去大學(xué)時(shí)我父親臉上的表情。Point5crash教材語境P16：Therewereloudcrashesofglassbreakingandthingsfallingtotheground,butthestudentsremainedstillandwaitedcalmlyandquietly.盡管玻璃破碎和東西倒地發(fā)出陣陣巨響，但學(xué)生們?nèi)匀灰粍?dòng)不動(dòng)，沉著安靜地等待著。用法詳解：(1)n.[usuallysing.](倒下、破碎等突然的)碰撞聲,破裂聲;[C]相撞，撞車，碰撞常見搭配：atrain/carcrash火車/汽車撞車事故aplane/anaircrash飛機(jī)失事例：Thebranchcamedownwithacrash.樹枝啪啦一聲掉落下來。Itwastheworsttraincrashinthirtyyears.這是30年來最嚴(yán)重的火車相撞事故。(2)vi.&vt.(交通工具)碰撞,撞擊;(使)猛撞,碰撞常見搭配：crash(sth.)into...(使某物)撞上……例：Theplanecrashedshortlyafterittookoff.飛機(jī)起飛后不久便墜毀了。Hecrashedhiscarintoawall.他的汽車撞到了墻上。Somescientistsbelievethataetcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearanceofdinosaurs.一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為很久以前一顆彗星與地球相撞導(dǎo)致恐龍滅絕。Wecouldhearwavescrashingagainsttheshore.我們能聽到海浪嘩嘩地拍打著海岸。(3)vi.(計(jì)算機(jī))崩潰；(突然)貶值,倒閉,失敗;暴跌例：Filescanbelostiftheputersystemsuddenlycrashes.要是計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)突然崩潰文件就有可能丟失。Thepanycrashedwithdebtsof$50million.這家公司由于負(fù)債5000萬美元而破產(chǎn)了。Point6：signal教材語境P16：Shesignalledtoherstudentstoexittheclassroominanorderlylinewiththeirhandsontheirheads.她示意學(xué)生們抱著頭,排好隊(duì),有序離開教室。用法詳解(1)vt.&vi.發(fā)信號(hào),發(fā)暗號(hào),示意;vt.標(biāo)志,表明,預(yù)示。其過去式和過去分詞均為signaled或signalled。常見搭配：signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事例：Hermothersignalled(to)hertogobackhomewhenitwastimeforsupper.該吃晚餐時(shí),她的媽媽示意她回家。Thelengtheningdayssignaltheendofwinter.白晝變長標(biāo)志著冬天的結(jié)束。(2)n.[C]信號(hào),暗號(hào);標(biāo)志,預(yù)示;信號(hào)燈常見搭配：adanger/warning/distresssignal危險(xiǎn)/警告/求救信號(hào)例：Whenshegotupfromthetable,itwasobviouslythesignalforustoleave.她從桌邊站起來,這顯然是要我們離開。Chestpainscanbeawarningsignalofheartproblems.胸部疼痛可能是心臟病的報(bào)警信號(hào)。Whenchanginglanes,adrivershoulduseturningsignalstoletotherdriversknowwhichlaneheisentering.當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變車道時(shí),司機(jī)應(yīng)該用轉(zhuǎn)向燈讓其他的司機(jī)知道他將進(jìn)入哪個(gè)車道。Point7：confirm教材語境P16：Afterarollcallconfirmedthatallweresafeandsound,theyrelaxed,laughing,cryingandhuggingeachother.點(diǎn)名確認(rèn)所有人都安然無恙后，他們才放松下來,笑啊,哭啊,互相擁抱著。用法詳解：(1)vt.證實(shí),證明,確認(rèn)常見搭配：Itis/hasbeenconfirmedthat...據(jù)/已證實(shí)…例：ThefamilycalledtheItalianCultureMinistry;theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswereoriginalsandworthasmuchas$50million.這家人給意大利文化部打,官方確認(rèn)這些畫是原作,價(jià)值高達(dá)5000萬美元。Ithasbeenconfirmedthatthemeetingwilltakeplacenextweek.已經(jīng)確定會(huì)議將于下個(gè)星期召開。vt.使確信,使感覺更強(qiáng)烈常見搭配：confirmone'sbelief/determination堅(jiān)定某人的信念/決心confirmsb.insth.使某人堅(jiān)信某事例：Hissupportconfirmedmydeterminationtocarryouttheplan.他的支持堅(jiān)定了我執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的決心。Thelatestevidenceconfirmedmeinhishonesty.最新的證據(jù)讓我堅(jiān)信他是誠實(shí)的。歸納拓展：confirmationn.[U,C]證實(shí),確認(rèn)書,證明書Point8occur教材語境P17：Itimmediatelyoccurredtoherthattheseweresignsofanapproachingtsunami.她立刻意識(shí)到這是海嘯來臨的征兆。用法詳解(1)vi.(想法、主意在某人腦海中)突然出現(xiàn)常見搭配：sth.occurstosb.(想法等)浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中Itoccurstosb.that...某人想到(lt作形式主語,真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句,且that不能省略)例：AbrilliantideaoccurredtomewhenIwasrestinginthestudy.我在書房休息時(shí)想到了一個(gè)絕妙的主意。ItoccurredtomethatIhadlefttheumbrellaupstairs.我想起我把傘忘在樓上了。(2)vi.發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)例：Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物,并且不僅僅是發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前的進(jìn)化。特別提醒：(1)occur的過去式和過去分詞均為occurred,現(xiàn)在分詞為occurring。(2)occur不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)。occur作謂語時(shí),主語通常為物。歸納拓展：“發(fā)生”的其他表達(dá):happen意為“碰巧；(偶然地)發(fā)生",常含有偶然或突發(fā)的意味。breakout意為“突然發(fā)生”，多指戰(zhàn)爭、火山等突然爆發(fā)或疾病、疫情等突然暴發(fā)。takeplace意為“發(fā)生，舉行”,常指按計(jì)劃發(fā)生的事，沒有“偶然"的意味。Point9insist教材語境P17：However,certainthataterribledisasterwasing,Sabrinansistedthattheytalktoasafetyofficer.然而,塞布麗娜確定一場可怕的災(zāi)難即將來臨，她堅(jiān)持要他們?nèi)フ野踩珕T談?wù)劇Ｓ梅ㄔ斀?1)vi.&vt.堅(jiān)持,堅(jiān)決要求常見搭配：insiston/upon(doing)sth.堅(jiān)持(做)某事insiston/uponsb.doingsth.堅(jiān)持要某人做某事insistthat..堅(jiān)持,堅(jiān)決要求(從句用虛擬語氣,即從句謂語用"should+動(dòng)詞原形",should可以省略)例：Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedtoeatthings,wemaybeeill.Butsheinsistsonuseatinghealthyfood.我告訴媽媽,如果我們被迫吃東西的話,我們可能會(huì)生病。但她堅(jiān)持要我們吃健康的食物。Theyinsistedthateveryone(should)etotheparty.他們堅(jiān)持要每個(gè)人都來參加聚會(huì)。(2)vi.&vt.堅(jiān)持說,固執(zhí)己見。此時(shí)insist后跟從句時(shí),從句不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣。例：Hewasstubborn,andheinsistedthathewasinnocent.他很固執(zhí),并堅(jiān)持說他是無辜的。Point10：relief教材語境P17：Tohergreatrelief,theofficerimmediatelyrealizedtheingdanger.使她大為寬慰的是,這名官員立即意識(shí)到了即將到來的危險(xiǎn)。用法詳解：(1)n.[U,sing.](不快過后的)寬慰,輕松,解脫常見搭配：in/withrelief放心;寬心地toone'srelief使某人寬慰的是;令某人輕松的是breatheasighofrelief松了一口氣Itisarelieftodosth.做某事是件讓人欣慰/輕松的事。例：Whenheknewhehadpassedtheexamination,hesmiledinrelief.當(dāng)他知道他通過了考試時(shí)，他如釋重負(fù)地笑了。Muchtoourrelief/Toourgreatrelief,thechildrenallarrivedhomesafely.使我們非常欣慰的是，孩子們都安全到家了。Itwasarelieftobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.能和別人談?wù)勥@件事是件讓人欣慰的事。Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhenthese