液壓挖掘機(jī)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

附錄1英文原文HydraulicExcavators1.HydraulicExcavatorspicture2.BasicConceptAnexcavatorisanengineeringvehicleconsistingofanarticulatedarm(boom,stick),bucketandcabmountedonapivot(arotatingplatform)atopanundercarriagewithtracksorwheels.Theirdesignisanaturalprogressionfromthesteamshovel.Thehistoryofheavyexcavatingmachinerybeganin1835whenthedippershovelwasinventedtoexcavatehardsoilandrockandtoloadtrucks.Ofcourse,withtheinventionofgasoline-anddiesel-poweredvehicles,constructionequipmentbecameevenmoreadaptable.Mostconstructionequipmentispoweredbydieselengines,althoughelectric-power,batterypower,andpropanetanksareusedonspecializedequipment.Designmodificationsaredrivenbycustomerdemand.Asof2000,thetwoprimaryareaswherecustomerswouldliketoseemoreimprovementsareintheeaseofoperationandtheoperator'scomfort.Theneedforsimpleoperationisforcedbythefactthattherearefewerskilledoperatorsinthemarketplace.Andoperationsandreliabilityarebothimprovingbecauseofthecontinuingintegrationofelectronics,automation,betterenginetechnology,andon-boarddiagnostics.Itisnowuptothemanufacturerstocost-effectivelyincorporateimprovements.3.Applications1234567891.diggingandloading2.stonework3.miningengineering4.rockbreaking5.pipelaying6.hoistingheavyobject7.clearupsideslope8.watercourseclearance9.removaltreatment4.ComponentsandFeatures1）OverallStructure1.dieselengineandhydraulicsystem2.undercarriage3.swingmechanism4.workequipmentassembly5.steeringandoperatingsystem2）MajorComponentsDieselEngineandHydraulicSystem:1.dieselengine2.hydraulicpumpUndercarriage:1.mainframe2.track3.trackidler4.trackframe5.finaldrive(drivingmotoranddrivesprocket)WorkEquipmentAssembly:1.bucket2.bucketlinkage3.bucketcylinder4.arm5.armcylinder6.boom7.hydraulicpipeline8.boomcylinder9.bucketlipGeneralPurposeBucket:1.anti-torsionpipefittedforincreasedstrength2.twopiecesideplates3.wearstrapsfittedtoincreasebasestrength4.cuttingedgeSteeringandOperatingSystem:1.driver’sSeat2.armrest3.joystickcontrol4.controlpedal5.travellever6.monitor7.console5.TypicalHydraulicSystem1.hydraulicpump2、4.distributingvalvegroup3.checkvalve5.speedlimitvalve6.hydrauliccylinder7、8.travelinghydraulicMotor9.doublespeedvalve10.slewinghydraulicmotor11.boomcylinder12.auxiliarycylinder13.armcylinder14.bucketcylinder15.backpressurevalve16.oilcooler17.oilfilter6.Dimensions1.ShippingHeight2.ShippingLength3.TailSwingRadius4.LengthtoCenterofRollers5.TrackLength6.GroundClearance7.TrackGauge8.TransportWidth9.CabHeight10.CounterweightClearance7.WorkingRanges1.MaximumDiggingDepth2.MaximumReachatGroundLevel3.MaximumCuttingHeight4.MaximumLoadingHeight5.MinimumLoadingHeight6.MaximumDepthCutforLevelBottom7.MaximumVerticalWallDiggingDepth8.SmallExcavatorFeaturesMustangintroducesanewbucketserieswithinnovativedesignimprovementsthatachievegreaterbucketvolumes,higherbreakoutforcesandimprovedverticaldigging.Standardheadlightsmountedontheboomandatthefrontofthecabprovideexcellentnighttimevisibility.3.Tohelpavoiddamageanddowntime,Mustangsecurelyroutesbucketcylinderhosesthroughthedipperstick.Forfasterattachmentmanagementandpartsreplacement,weconnectboomandarmhosesontheoutsideofthemachine.4.Independentrightandleftboomswing,foroffsetdigging.5.Specialdiggingsituationscallforspecializeddiggingmachines,whichallowverticaldiggingevenonslopesupto15degrees.6.Mustang’schassisincludesedgesreinforcedwithcastiron—nearlyindestructible.Thisheavy-dutyreinforcedbumperprotectscomponentsagainstaccidentalcollisions.9.NewTechnologyofTypicalHydraulicExcavator1）IntroductionTheHitachiZAXIS-3seriesnew-generationhydraulicexcavatorsarepackedwithahostoftechnologicalfeatures–cleanengine,Hitachiadvancedhydraulictechnologies,withstrongundercarriageandfrontattachment,pluswellmatchingofpowerandspeed.TheZAXIS-3seriescangetthejobdonewithprovenproductivity,durability,andreliability,especiallyinheavy-dutyexcavationandquarryoperations.Toyieldhighproductionyetmaintainlowfuelconsumption,suchwastheobjectiveofthedevelopmentofanewengineandhydraulicsystem.2）AdvancedHydraulicTechnologies1.IncreasedDiggingForce7%morebucketdiggingforceand8%morearmdiggingforce.2.EnhancedBoomRecirculationSystemIncombinedoperationofboomlowerandarm,armspeedcanbeincreasedbyapproximately15%overtheconventional.Pressurizedoilfromboomcylinderbottomsideisdeliveredtoboomcylinderrodsidetolowertheboom,assistedbyboomweight.Conventionally,pressurisedoilfrompumpisdeliveredtoboomcylinderrodsidetolowertheboom.Thenewsystemalsoallowsanefficientcombinedoperationofswingandloweringtheboom.BoomModeSelectorTheamountthebodycanbeliftedorpulledbythefrontofmachinecanbeONorOFFselected.Thishelpstoprovideformorecomfortableoperationandcontributestolongercomponentservicelife.Larger-DiameterFrontPipingArmpipingisincreasedindiametertoreducehydraulicloss(theoretically7%)forspeedyfrontoperation.CombinedOperationofBoomandArmIncombinedoperationofswing+boomlower+armroll-out,orinleveling(boomlower+armroll-out),armroll-outspeedcanbeincreasedgreatly.Here’swhy.Avariablethrottle,providedinthearmcircuit,adjuststheflowwhenneededtoreducehydrauliclossincombinedoperationwitharmroll-out.NewBucketRegenerativeSystemSwiftbucketactionscanbedoneincombinedoperationforexcavationthroughthenewbucketregenerativecircuit.Whentheloadtothebucketislight,pressurizedoilfrombucketcylinderrodsideisdeliveredthrougharegenerativevalvetobucketcylinderbottomsidefortheeffectiveuseofhydraulicenergy.10.StrengthenedUndercarriage1.IncreasedLoadingCapacityofSwingBearingTheswingcircleballbearingultilizesmoreballstoboosttheloadingcapacityoftheswingcirclebyapproximately6%,allowingstableswingevenintoughoperation.2.StrengthenedTrackLinksThebossdiameterofeachtracklinkisincreasedbyapproximately19%.Thethicknessofeachtracklinkisalsoincreasedbyapproximately57%.Thickenedtracklinksextendservicelife.3.StrengthenedUpperRollerBracketTheupperrollerbracketwallthicknessisincreasedforhigherstrength.4.FullTrackGuardProvidedStandardOntheH-specificationmachines,fulltrackguardsareprovidedstandard.Fulltrackguardsprotecttracklinksandlowerrollersfromdamageanddeformation.Moreover,theyalsokeepoutstones,preventingtheoverloadtotheundercarriagetoreducewearanddamage.5.PressedMasterPinsThemasterpinofeachtracklinkispressed,insteadofmasterpinusingapinretentiontoavoiddisengagement.6.StrengthenedIdlerPedestalThebearinglengthoftheidlerpedestalisextendedbyapproximately67%toincreasedurabilityandservicelife.StrengthenedIdlerBracketTheidlerbracketisthickenedforrigiditytopreventdeformationandincreasedurability.11.StrengthenedFrontComponents1.5%IncreaseinStrengthwithStrongerPinMaterialThestrengthofpins,usedinthearmandboom,isincreasedby5%,usinghardersteelmaterial.2.StrengthenedGeneral-PurposeBucketBucketteetharereshapedasSuper-Vteethforsmoothpenetrationandhigherproduction.Bushingsareutilizedatbothendsofabucketpintoeliminateclearances,preventingjerkyoperation.3.StrengthenedH-BucketforHeavy-DutyTheheavy-dutybucketisreshaped,andbucketpartsarestrengthenedtoincreasedurability.12.EnhancedOperatorComfortThespaciouscabisergonomicallydesignedwithexcellentvisibilitytoreduceoperatorfatigueandburden.ExcellentVisibilityTheglasswindowsarewidenedforexcellentvisibility,especiallyimprovingrightdownwardviewduringtravelandexcavation.AmpleFootSpaceFootspaceisexpandedforward,andpedalsarereshapedforpleasantoperation.Short-StrokeLeversFingertipcontrolofshort-stokelevers,withthehelpofarmrests,allowslong,continuousoperationwithlessfatigue（30%reductioninlevercontroleffort）.Comfort-DesignedOperatorTheoperatorseatisergonomicallydesignedforlong-hourpleasantoperation.Theseatbackiswidenedtoholdtheoperatorsecurely,andtheheadrestisreshaped.Theoperatorseatisstrengthenedtoreducevibrationandshocks,andincreasedurability.Fluid-FilledElasticMountsThecabrestsonfluid-filledelasticmountsthatabsorbshocksandvibrationtoenhanceoperatorcomfort.LargeMultilanguage,MultiFunctionMonitorThelargecolorLCDmonitor,teamedupwiththerearviewcamera(optional)onthecounterweight,givestheoperatorunobstructedrearwardview.Thissystemenhancessafetyduringswingandreversing.13.SimplifiedMaintenanceFocusingonsimplifiedmaintenance,includingeasyinspection,serviceandcleaning.SimplifiedCleaningaroundEngineTheradiatorandoilcoolerarelaidoutinparallelarrangementforeasydemounting,insteadofconventionalinlinearrangement.Thisnewarrangementsignificantlyhelpsfacilitatecleaningaroundtheradiaterandoilcooler.DualMainFuelFiltersProvidedStandardInadditiontoapre-filter,dualmainfuelfiltersareprovidedstandardtoreducecloggingofthefuellinetotheengine.EasyDrainingTheengineoilpanisfittedwithadraincoupler.Whendraining,anassociateddrainhoseisconnectedtothedraincoupler.Unlikeacock,thedraincouplerisreliable,avoidingoilspillsandvandalism.AutomaticLubricationThefrontattachmentisautomaticallylubricated,exceptforbucketlubricatingpointsatthetopofarmthatarerepositionedforsidelubrication.ExtendedHydraulicOilFilterChangeIntervalsHydraulicoilfilterchangeintervalsareextendedfrom500hoursto1000hourstohelpreducerunningcosts.14.EnvironmentalPreservationBoardingacleanenginecomplyingwiththerigorousemissionregulations.EnvironmentallyFriendlyDesignsThecleanenginecomplyingwiththeemissionregulationsStageIIIinEUandTier3inUS(EPA)isboardedtoreduceemissionscontainingnitrogenoxide(NOx)andparticulatematter(PM).2.LowNoiseEngineEnginenoiseisreducedbyapproximately2dBwiththerobustengine.ItgoeswithoutsayingthattheenginemeetstheEUnoiseregulations.3.Variable-SpeedFanTheenginecoolingfanisalarge1120mmdiametervariable-speedelectro-hydraulicfan.Thisfanautomaticallystartswhentemperaturecomesintothehightemperaturerange,ensuringlownoiseoperation.4.ProvenMufflerAprovenlargemufflerisprovidedtoreducesoundandexhaustemissionsgreatly.5.MarkingofRecyclablePartsAllresinpartsaremarkedforthesakeofrecycling.Thishelpseasetheseparationofrecyclablewastes。6.ReducingtheBurdentotheEnvironmentLead-freedesignisachievedthroughtheuseoflead-freewireharnesscovering,radiator,oilcoolerandothers.Noasbestosisused.Theuseofaluminumradiator,oilcoolerandintercoolerincreasesthedurabilityofthemachine.7.BiodegradableHydraulicOilDegradablehydraulicoilisecological,whichisdecomposedintowaterandcarbondioxideinwaterandground.15.EnhancedSafety1.CRESIICabTheCRESIIcabisdesignedtohelpwith“justincase”protectionfortheoperator.Safetyincaseoftippingisimproved.Thecabtopcanwithstandnine-foldloading.2.H/RCabTheH/RcabutilizesthereinforcedfrontwindowandFOPSattheroofforprotectionagainstfallingobjects.Thefrontglasswindow,madeofstraight-laminated,isfixedtoshutoutdirtanddebris.ThecabprovidedwithafullguardsatisfiestheOPG(LevelII)cabrequirementsstipulatedbyISO.3.NewPilotControlShut-OffLeverTheenginecannotstartunlessthelockleverislockedcompletely.Thispreventsunintendedrapidlurchingbyunintendedtouchingacontrollever.2中文翻譯

液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓挖掘機(jī)圖片基本概念挖掘機(jī)是一種由鉸接臂桿（動臂和斗桿）、鏟斗和安裝于履帶或輪式底盤上的轉(zhuǎn)盤（一種旋轉(zhuǎn)平臺）所組成的工程機(jī)械（車輛）。挖掘機(jī)是在蒸汽鏟的基礎(chǔ)上自然發(fā)展起來的。重型挖掘機(jī)的歷史始于1835年，當(dāng)時發(fā)明了拉鏟式挖掘機(jī)用于開挖堅(jiān)硬的土石方及裝載卡車。當(dāng)然，隨著汽油機(jī)和柴油機(jī)車輛的發(fā)明，工程機(jī)械也變得越來越適用。雖然在一些專用設(shè)備上使用了電力驅(qū)動、蓄電池驅(qū)動和丙烷氣罐，然而大多數(shù)工程機(jī)械仍然依靠柴油機(jī)驅(qū)動?？蛻粢笸苿又O(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)。自從2000年以來，客戶所期望改進(jìn)的兩個主要方面為操作方便性和操作舒適性。操作簡單的要求迫于在市場中很難找到熟練操作人員的事實(shí)。由于電子技術(shù)、自動化、高性能發(fā)動機(jī)技術(shù)、在線診斷技術(shù)的不斷集成，操作性和可靠性均得到了不斷的改進(jìn)。目前，制造商在進(jìn)行各種成本效益方面的改進(jìn)。應(yīng)用1234567891.挖掘裝載2.石方工程3.采掘工程4.巖石破碎5.鋪設(shè)管道6.起吊重物7.整理邊坡8.疏通水道9.清理作業(yè)4.組成與特點(diǎn)1）總體結(jié)構(gòu)1.柴油機(jī)及液壓系統(tǒng)2.行走支承機(jī)構(gòu)3.回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)4.工作裝置總成5.轉(zhuǎn)向操縱系統(tǒng)2）主要部件柴油機(jī)及液壓系統(tǒng)：1.柴油機(jī)2.液壓泵行走支承機(jī)構(gòu)：1.主機(jī)架2.履帶3.導(dǎo)向輪4.履帶臺車架5.最終傳動裝置（液壓馬達(dá)與驅(qū)動鏈輪）工作裝置總成：1.鏟斗2.鏟斗連接件3.鏟斗油缸4.斗桿5.斗桿油缸6.動臂7.液壓管路8.動臂油缸9.斗齒通用鏟斗：1.抗扭增強(qiáng)鋼管2.兩邊側(cè)板3.斗底增強(qiáng)耐磨板條4.切削刃轉(zhuǎn)向操縱系統(tǒng)：1.駕駛員座椅2.扶手3.操縱控制手柄4.操縱踏板5.行走操縱桿6.工況監(jiān)視器7.儀表控制臺5.典型液壓系統(tǒng)1.液壓泵2、4.分配閥組3.單向閥5.速度限制閥6.液壓缸7、8.行走液壓馬達(dá)9.雙速閥10.回轉(zhuǎn)液壓馬達(dá)11.動臂油缸12.輔助油缸13.斗桿油缸14.鏟斗油缸15.背壓閥16.冷卻器17.濾油器6.尺寸規(guī)格1.海運(yùn)高度2.海運(yùn)長度3.尾部擺動半徑4.滾輪中心距離5.履帶長度6.離地間隙7.軌距8.運(yùn)輸寬度9.駕駛室高度10.配重離地間隙7.工作范圍1.最大挖掘深度2.最大水平移動距離3.最大挖掘高度4.最大裝載高度5.最小裝載高度6.最大水平切削深度7.最大垂直挖掘深度8.小型挖掘機(jī)特點(diǎn)新型鏟斗系列進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，具有更大的斗容量、更強(qiáng)的破碎力和更好的垂直挖掘。安裝于動臂上和駕駛室前方的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)照明燈提供了最佳的夜間視覺。為避免損壞和停機(jī)，沿桿臂安全布置液壓缸軟管。為快速處理附件和更換零件，在機(jī)器外部連接動臂和斗桿軟管。動臂左、右獨(dú)立擺動，以適應(yīng)側(cè)向挖掘。特殊的挖掘環(huán)境需要專業(yè)的挖掘機(jī)械，即使在15°的坡道上也可進(jìn)行垂直挖掘作業(yè)。底盤進(jìn)行了鑄鐵棱邊強(qiáng)化，幾乎不可損壞。這種重型保險裝置可在碰撞事故中保護(hù)機(jī)械部件。9.典型液壓挖掘機(jī)新技術(shù)1)簡介日立ZAXIS-3系列新一代液壓挖掘機(jī)具有一系列技術(shù)特點(diǎn)：清潔發(fā)動機(jī)，先進(jìn)的日立液壓技術(shù)，堅(jiān)固耐用的行走底盤和工作裝置附件，以及功率與速度的良好匹配。ZAXIS-3系列挖掘機(jī)所具有的生產(chǎn)率、壽命和可靠性得到了檢驗(yàn)證實(shí)，特別是在重型挖掘和采石場作業(yè)更加適用。以較低的燃料消耗獲得更大的生產(chǎn)能力是新型發(fā)動機(jī)和液壓系統(tǒng)研究的目標(biāo)。2)先進(jìn)的液壓技術(shù)1.挖掘力增加。鏟斗挖掘力增加7%，桿臂挖掘力增加8%。2.加速型動臂再循環(huán)系統(tǒng)動臂下降與桿臂組合作業(yè)時，與常規(guī)挖掘機(jī)相比較桿臂速度大約可增加15%。動臂油缸底部一端的壓力油被輸送到動臂油缸的活塞桿一邊，以降低動臂，動臂重量加速了降低過程。而在一般情況下，通過使來自液壓泵的壓力油流入動臂油缸活塞桿一端降低動臂。新系統(tǒng)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)擺動與降低動臂的高效組合作業(yè)。3.動臂工作模式選擇挖掘機(jī)前部工裝提升或推移機(jī)體的力量大小可通過一個ON/OFF選擇開關(guān)進(jìn)行選擇。這種選擇有助于提高操作舒適性和延長部件工作壽命。大直徑前部管路增加桿臂油管直徑以減少液壓損失（理論上為7%）提高作業(yè)速度。動臂與桿臂的組合作業(yè)在回轉(zhuǎn)+動臂下降+桿臂外伸的組合作業(yè)中，或者在平整作業(yè)（動臂下降+桿臂外伸）中，可大大提高桿臂外伸速度。原因在于，在桿臂外伸的組合作業(yè)中當(dāng)需要減少液壓損失時，桿臂回路中的可變節(jié)流閥將對流量進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。新型鏟斗再循環(huán)系統(tǒng)通過新型的鏟斗再循環(huán)回路能夠加快組合挖掘作業(yè)中鏟斗的動作。當(dāng)鏟斗上的載荷較輕時，由鏟斗油缸活塞桿一端產(chǎn)生的壓力油通過再循環(huán)閥傳輸?shù)界P斗油缸底端以便有效利用液壓能量。10.加強(qiáng)型行走機(jī)構(gòu)1.回轉(zhuǎn)軸承承載能力增強(qiáng)回轉(zhuǎn)循環(huán)滾珠軸承采用了更多的滾珠，使?jié)L圈的承載能力大約提高了6%，即使在重載工況下也能穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。2.強(qiáng)化履帶鏈每一履帶鏈條的凸臺直徑增加了大約19%。每一履帶鏈條的厚度