四川省眉山市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題【含答案解析】

眉山市高中2025屆第三學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題卷2024.01滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號用0.5毫米的黑色墨水簽字筆填寫在答題卡上。并檢查條形碼粘貼是否正確。2.1-55小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡對應(yīng)題目標(biāo)號的位置上，非選擇題用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆書寫在答題卡對應(yīng)框內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡收回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhattimedoesthenexttrainleaveforHangzhou?A.At10:55a.m.B.At11:00a.m.C.At11:05a.m.2.HowmuchdidRichardpayforhisties?A.$80.B.$85.C.$90.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthephone.B.Inthediningroom.C.Atarestaurant.4.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Bossandemployee.5.Howdoesthemanhelpthewoman?A.Byshowingherthewayonamap.B.ByleadinghertoNorthStreet.C.Bytellinghertheroadsigns.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6、7題。6.Whendidthemanstartvisitingwebsites?A.Inprimaryschool.B.Inhighschool.C.Incollege.7.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Searchingawebsite.B.Doingasurvey.C.Askingforadvice.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthewoman?A.Asinger.B.Anactress.C.Astudent.9.Whydoesthewomanfeelunhappy?A.Herparentsdisagreewithheridea.B.Shehasaquarrelwithherclassmates.C.Shedoesn’twanttoperformbeforetheaudience.10.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hisauntisateacher.B.Hehasatalentforsinging.C.Heisastrong-mindedperson.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至13題。11.Whereisthemannow?A.Athome.B.Inahotel.C.AtDr.Anderson’s.12.What’stheman’sproblem?A.Hisearsareringing.B.He’sinseriouspain.C.Somethingisstuckinhisear.13.Towhomisthemanprobablyspeaking?A.Anurse.B.Adoctor.C.Amanager.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至16題。14.Whatdoweknowaboutthedinner?A.Itisaformaldinner.B.Itisthewoman’streat.C.ItisservedinaBritishrestaurant.15.WhatisShandongcuisinelike?A.Abitlight.B.Veryspicy.C.Strong-flavored.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthefood?A.Itcouldn’tbebetter.B.Itmakeshimfullquickly.C.Itisasgoodasotherfoodhehaseaten.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至20題。17.Whydomostrecyclingprogramsfail?A.Allthetrashcansareofthesamecolor.B.Notenoughpeoplevolunteertocollecttrash.C.Mostpeopleareunwillingtosorttheirtrash.18.Whichcolortrashcansshouldpeopleputglassinto?A.Pink.B.Green.C.White.19.Whatisthevolunteer’sjob?A.Topickupandsortthetrash.B.Topickupanddeliverthetrash.C.Toworkintherecyclingcenters.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Toexplainwhyrecyclingisimportant.B.Tocallattentiontotherecyclingprogram.C.Toencouragethelistenerstojointherecyclingprogram.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMao’ermountainisabundantinrareanimalsandplants.Inhabitedby2,484speciesofplantsand345speciesofvertebrates(脊椎動物),thisplacecanserveasanaturalgenebank.Andsurprisingly,ararealpinewetlandfeaturingevergreenbroad-leavedtreeshasfoundawayofsurvivinginthedwarfforestatahighaltitude.The“MillenniumKiss”WonderIt’samiraclethattwotreeshaveexistedtogetherandgrownforaroundathousandyears.It’sevenmorebreathtakingtoseethetwotreesgraduallygettingclosetoeachotherandhavingalittle“kiss”.WhatalovelysightitisinthenaturalbeautyofMao’ermountain!Twowaystogetthere1.TakeatrainandgetoffatXing’anBeistation,andtaketheshuttlebusthatgoesdirectlytotheMao’ermountain.2.TaketheGuilin-Xing’anbusfromGuilinbusstationgetoffatBaizhupustation,andtaketheshuttlefromBaizhuputoGaozhai,whichisatthefootoftheMao’ermountain.TravelTipsEntranceticket:160yuanOpeninghours:8:00amto5:00pmRecommendeddurationofvisit:2—4hoursLocation:northwestofXing’ancounty,GuilinOthersuggestions:IfyoudecidetogotoMao’ermountain,carrysomethickclothes,forthetemperaturedifferencefromthefootofthemountaintothepeakishugeanditishumidinthemountain.Ifyouareaforeigner,youneedapprovalfromthereserveadministrationbeforeenteringthearea,sinceitissituatedwithinthenationalreserve,whichforeignersarenotallowedtoenterwithouttheauthorities’permission.1.WhatcantouristsseeonMao’ermountain?A.2,484speciesofrareanimals. B.Twoold“kissing”trees.C.345speciesoflocalplants. D.Awetlandatalowaltitude.2.HowcantouristsgettoMao’ermountain?A.BytakingtheGuilin-Gaozhaibus.B.BytakingatraindirectlytoGaozhai.C.BygettingontheshuttlebusinBaizhupu.D.BygettingonatrainatXing’anBeistation.3.Whatdoesaforeigntouristneedtoenterthearea?A.Aticketwithadditionalfee. B.Aformalapplicationletter.C.Approvalfromtheauthorities. D.Permissionfromlocalvillagers.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了游覽桂林貓兒山時(shí)可以參觀的景點(diǎn)、前往的路線以及一些旅行建議。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The“MillenniumKiss”Wonder中“It’samiraclethattwotreeshaveexistedtogetherandgrownforaroundathousandyears.It’sevenmorebreathtakingtoseethetwotreesgraduallygettingclosetoeachotherandhavingalittle“kiss”.(兩棵樹共存并生長了大約一千年，這真是個(gè)奇跡。更令人嘆為觀止的是，這兩棵樹逐漸靠近，并有一個(gè)小小的“親吻”)”可知，在貓兒山游客可以看到兩棵古老的“親吻”樹。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Twowaystogetthere中第二點(diǎn)“TaketheGuilin-Xing’anbusfromGuilinbusstation,getoffatBaizhupustation,andtaketheshuttlefromBaizhuputoGaozhai,whichisatthefootoftheMao’ermountain.(從桂林汽車站乘坐桂林—興安公交車，在白竹鋪站下車，從白竹鋪乘坐班車到貓兒山腳下的高寨)”可知，游客在白竹鋪乘坐班車可以到達(dá)貓兒山。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifyouareaforeigner,youneedapprovalfromthereserveadministrationbeforeenteringthearea,sinceitissituatedwithinthenationalreserve,whichforeignersarenotallowedtoenterwithouttheauthorities’permission.(如果您是外國人，您需要得到保護(hù)區(qū)管理部門的批準(zhǔn)才能進(jìn)入該地區(qū)，因?yàn)樗挥趪冶Ｗo(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)，未經(jīng)當(dāng)局許可，外國人不得進(jìn)入)”可知，外國游客進(jìn)入該地區(qū)需要得到有關(guān)當(dāng)局的批準(zhǔn)。故選C項(xiàng)。BUnabletoholdbackmycuriosityanylonger,Iopenedthebeautifullywrappedpresent.Itwasashiny,newlaptop.IhadscoredstraightA’sformyexaminationandthiswasmyreward.Ihadalwaysenvied(嫉妒)myfriendswhowerealwaysexchangingnewsabout“chatrooms”or“e-mailing”,whichIknewnothingabout.NowIwasgoingtofindout.Itstartedoutsimplyenough.IwassearchingforsomeinformationonlinewhenIcameacrossasocialnetworkingsite.SoonIbecameattachedtomynew-foundelectronicfriend.IbegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYouTubeandbecamecontrolledbyFacebookandTwitter.WheneverIwasnotaccessingthesesocialnetworkingsites,Iwouldbegoingthroughgossip(八卦)orfashionwebsites.Astimepassed,Iwouldlockmyselfinmyroomduringweekends,refusingtocomeoutandtakepartinfamilydiscussions.Ipreferredtostayconnectedtothe“friends”onlinewhomIhadnevermet.SoonIwasspendingtheearlyhoursofthemorningsurfingtheInternet.Sleepbecamebrokennapsandmygradesatschoolalsobeganworsening.Itwasaboutthistimethatmyparentsstartedvoicingtheirdisapproval.IwasaskedtoreducemyusageoftheInternet.Yet,howeverhardItried,Iwasunabletopullmyselfaway.Iwasthirstyforjustanotherclick,orjustanotherlookatmessageboard.Thenoneday,myfathertookawaymylaptop.Icried,shoutedandevenbeggedbutinvain.Dadhadmadeuphismind.Overtime,IrealizedthatDadandMumhadalwayswantedthebestforme.ThatwaswhenIdecidedtotakethebigstep—toquitmyinternetaddiction.QuittingwasharderthanIexpected.Butwithstrongdetermination,IknewthatIwouldbeabletodoit.IpromisedmyparentsthatIwouldturnoveranewleaf.4.Whydidtheauthor’sparentsbuyheralaptop?A.Torewardherforherexcellentgrades. B.Tolethermakemorefriendseasily.C.Tomeethercuriosityaboutchatrooms. D.Tohelphersetupasocialnetworkingsite.5.WhathappenedtotheauthoraftershegotaddictedtotheInternet?A.Shewentoutwithnewfriendsalot. B.Shesufferedfromsleeplessness.C.Shegotanxiousandlosthertemper. D.Sheignoredthepeopleandthingsaroundher.6.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoquitherinternetaddiction?A.Herfather’sdemand. B.HerboredomwiththeInternet.C.Herworseningschoolgrades. D.Herparents’loveandexpectations.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sstory?A.It’snevertoolatetomend. B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.C.Behindbadluckcomesgoodluck. D.Abadbeginningmakesabadending.【答案】4.A5.D6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者因?yàn)槌煽儍?yōu)異得到了一臺筆記本作為獎勵，結(jié)果作者卻沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，忽略了周圍的人和事。最后父親拿走了作者的筆記本，作者也決心戒網(wǎng)癮?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itwasashiny,newlaptop.IhadscoredstraightA’sformyexaminationandthiswasmyreward.(那是一臺嶄新的閃亮筆記本電腦。我的考試成績?nèi)茿，這就是對我的獎勵)”可知，作者的父母給她買了一臺筆記本電腦是為了獎勵她的優(yōu)異成績。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Astimepassed,Iwouldlockmyselfinmyroomduringweekends,refusingtocomeoutandtakepartinfamilydiscussions.Ipreferredtostayconnectedtothe“friends”onlinewhomIhadnevermet.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，周末我會把自己鎖在房間里，拒絕出來參加家庭討論。我更喜歡和那些素未謀面的網(wǎng)友保持聯(lián)系)”可知，作者上網(wǎng)上癮后忽略了周圍的人和事。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Overtime,IrealizedthatDadandMumhadalwayswantedthebestforme.ThatwaswhenIdecidedtotakethebigstep—toquitmyinternetaddiction.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，我意識到爸爸媽媽總是希望我過得最好。就在那時(shí)，我決定邁出一大步——戒掉網(wǎng)癮)”可知，父母的愛和期望讓作者決定戒掉網(wǎng)癮。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“QuittingwasharderthanIexpected.Butwithstrongdetermination,IknewthatIwouldbeabletodoit.IpromisedmyparentsthatIwouldturnoveranewleaf.(戒網(wǎng)癮比我想象的要難。但有了堅(jiān)定的決心，我知道我一定能做到。我答應(yīng)我的父母，我會改過自新)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者因?yàn)槌煽儍?yōu)異得到了一臺筆記本作為獎勵，結(jié)果作者卻沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，忽略了周圍的人和事。最后父親拿走了作者的筆記本，作者也決心戒網(wǎng)癮?？赏浦适赂嬖V我們：亡羊補(bǔ)牢，猶未晚也。故選A。CTherapiddevelopmentofnewindustrieshasgivenrisetoarangeofnewoccupations,whichwillbrightenupourcountry’semploymentprospects.LiQing,a29-year-oldresidentinFengjie,Chongqing,isanonlinemarketer.Bettingonthehugedevelopmentpotentialoftheagriculture,Ligaveupherjobasawhite-collarworkerinBeijingandmovedbacktoherhometowntobeanonlinemarketer.Sheopenedastoreonanonlinesalesplatform,sellingmushrooms,potatoesandrice.Today,manyfarmsinthecountry’shinterland(內(nèi)地)aredevelopingfast,buttheyneedmoreaccessiblechannelstoselltheirproducts.“Overthepastthreeyears,ourtotalsalesvolumehasgrowntomorethan100millionyuan,leadingtoincomegrowthformorethan1,000ruralfamilies,”Lisaid.“It’sabusinessopportunityformeandalsoagoodchancetohelpfarmersearnmoremoney.”JinYi,inhis20s,isanewmemberofAItrainers.Justlikeachildlearningtowalk,AIneedstrainerstoconstantlyreminditoftherightmethodsandhumanbeings’mindset.Throughnumerousdataaccumulationandpractice,AIisabletorecognizehumanbeings’languages.Inrecentyears,AItrainershavesproutedupacrossChinaasaresultoftherapiddevelopmentofneweconomicmodels(模式).“It’sestimatedthatthereisashortageofabout5millionskilledworkersintheAIindustry.Shanghaineedsabout400,000AIworkersalone,butthereareonlyaround40,000studentsmajoringinAIatcolleges,”saidQiuXin,PartySecretaryofFudanUniversity.“Ibelieveourindustrywillseegreaterdevelopmentinthefuture,alongwiththeadvancementofAI.IhopemoregraduateswilljointheindustryandcontributetothedevelopmentofAI,”Jinsaid.Inadditiontocreatingmorejobs,newtechnologieswillhelptransformtraditionalindustries,whichwillhelpcreatemorenewandhigher-payingjobsinthecomingyears,saidLiChang’an,aprofessorattheAcademyofChinaOpenEconomyStudiesoftheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics.8.WhydidLiQingleaveherjobinBeijingandwentbacktoherhometown?A.BecauseherjobinBeijingwasunderpaid.B.Becausesheneededtotakecareofherfamily.C.Becauseshesawthepromisingfutureofagriculture.D.Becausefarmersinherhometownneededher.9.WhatprobablyispartofanAItrainer’sjob?A.Remindingpeopleoftherightmethods.B.TrainingAItorecognizehumanlanguages.C.HelpingAItowalklikehumanchildren.D.TeachingcollegestudentsmajoringinAl.10.AccordingtoLiChang’an,whatcannewtechnologiesbring?A.MoreAIapplicationsinourlife. B.Changesinnewindustries.C.Incomegrowthforfarmers. D.Morenewandwell-paidjobs.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Newjobsarecomingoutasaresultofnewtechnologies.B.Peoplehavepreferencefordifferentprofessions.C.ThenumberofoccupationsinAIindustryisgrowing.D.Newtechnologieshelpchangetraditionalindustries.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了AI行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展催生了一系列新職業(yè)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Bettingonthehugedevelopmentpotentialoftheagriculture,Ligaveupherjobasawhite-collarworkerinBeijingandmovedbacktoherhometowntobeanonlinemarketer.(由于看好農(nóng)業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展?jié)摿?，李放棄了在北京的白領(lǐng)工作，回到家鄉(xiāng)做了一名網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷人員。)”可知，因?yàn)榭吹搅宿r(nóng)業(yè)的大好前景，李青辭去了在北京的工作，回到了家鄉(xiāng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Throughnumerousdataaccumulationandpractice,AIisabletorecognizehumanbeings’languages.(通過大量的數(shù)據(jù)積累和實(shí)踐，人工智能能夠識別人類的語言。)”可知，訓(xùn)練人工智能識別人類語言是人工智能訓(xùn)練師工作的一部分。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Inadditiontocreatingmorejobs,newtechnologieswillhelptransformtraditionalindustries,whichwillhelpcreatemorenewandhigher-payingjobsinthecomingyears,saidLiChang’an,aprofessorattheAcademyofChinaOpenEconomyStudiesoftheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics.(對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)中國開放經(jīng)濟(jì)研究院教授李長安表示，除了創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機(jī)會外，新技術(shù)還將有助于改造傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)，這將有助于在未來幾年創(chuàng)造更多新的高薪工作。)”可知，新技術(shù)會帶來更多新的高薪工作。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Therapiddevelopmentofnewindustrieshasgivenrisetoarangeofnewoccupations,whichwillbrightenupourcountry’semploymentprospects.(新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展催生了一系列新的職業(yè)，這將照亮我國的就業(yè)前景。)”可知，新技術(shù)促進(jìn)新行業(yè)的發(fā)展，新行業(yè)帶來了新的就業(yè)機(jī)會。故選A項(xiàng)。DScientistshavelongwonderedwhyhumansscalps(頭皮)arecoveredinhaireventhoughwearefarlesshairyelsewhere.Anewstudysuggestshaircomingoutofourheadsmayhavedevelopedtostopearlyhumans’brainsfromoverheating.“Thebrainisalargeandveryheat-sensitiveorganthatalsogeneratesalotofheat,”saysleadauthorTinaLasisi.“SowefiguredthatcouldbeextremelyimportantforearlyhumanslivinginAfricaunderthehotsun.”Tobetterunderstandhowhaircanaffectthetemperatureofthehead,Lasisiandhercolleaguesplacedthreedifferentwigs(假發(fā))ornowigonaresearchmanikin(人體模型).Themanikinwasheatedtoabodytemperatureof35℃andplacedunderhotlights.Thescientistsmeasuredthetemperatureonthemanikin’sheadwhencoveredwithnowigandwigsthathavestraighthairs,loosecurlsortightcoils(卷)whicharesimilarinthicknessandcolor.Underthelightsheatingat30℃,thebiggestdifferenceinheatwasbetweennohairandhair.Themanikinheadalwaysbecamehotter,butaddingthestraight-hairedwigreducedthatheatgainbymorethanhalfcomparedtoaheadwithnowig.Thecurledwigmadethescalparealesshotthanthestraight-hairedwig,andthetightly-coiledwigledtothecoolesthead.AnotherexperimentalsodonebyLasisi’steamaimedtosimulate(模擬)sweatontheheadbywettingthemanikin.Inthiscase,baldheadcooledthemostthroughevaporationofwater.Butcoolingwithsweatmightnotbethathelpfuloverall,saidLasisi.Havinghairloweredtheamountofsweatrequiredtobalancethesun’sheat.Thestudyisagreatleapforwardaboutthinkingwhywehavesomuchhaironourheads.ButLasisiacknowledgesthatthemanikindoesn’tmatchhumanphysiologyperfectlyandhopesthatmoreresearchwillbedonetounderstandwhenandwhydifferenthairtypesevolved.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Thepowerofevolution. B.Generatingalargeamountofheat.C.Thesizeofthehumanbrain. D.Protectingtheheadfromoverheating.13.Whywerehotlightsusedinthestudy?A.Toactasthehotsun. B.Totestthewigs’quality.C.Toprotectthemanikins. D.Tocreateacozyenvironment.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Man-madehairismainlyusedforitsdecorativevalue.B.Differenthairstylesaffectheadtemperaturedifferently.C.Itiscertainthathairisessentialforprotectingthehead.D.Haircanincreasetheneedforsweatingtocoolthehead.15.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?A.HumanBrainIsSensitivetoHeat B.DifferentWigsHaveDifferentCharmsC.HairHelpsCoolDownOurHeads D.HumanHairWillBeReplacedbyWigs【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究表明，從我們頭上長出的頭發(fā)可能是為了防止早期人類的大腦過熱。文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及相關(guān)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudysuggestshaircomingoutofourheadsmayhavedevelopedtostopearlyhumans’brainsfromoverheating.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，從我們頭上長出的頭發(fā)可能是為了防止早期人類的大腦過熱)”以及第二段“Thebrainisalargeandveryheat-sensitiveorganthatalsogeneratesalotofheat(大腦是一個(gè)很大的熱敏器官，也會產(chǎn)生大量的熱量)”和劃線詞后文“couldbeextremelyimportantforearlyhumanslivinginAfricaunderthehotsun”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)頭發(fā)可能是為了防止早期人類的大腦過熱，因?yàn)榇竽X是一個(gè)很大的熱敏器官，也會產(chǎn)生大量的熱量，所以防止頭部過熱對生活在非洲烈日下的早期人類來說可能非常重要。故劃線詞指的是“防止頭部過熱”。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thebrainisalargeandveryheat-sensitiveorganthatalsogeneratesalotofheat,”saysleadauthorTinaLasisi.“SowefiguredthatcouldbeextremelyimportantforearlyhumanslivinginAfricaunderthehotsun.”(“大腦是一個(gè)很大的熱敏器官，也會產(chǎn)生大量的熱量，”主要作者蒂娜·拉西說?！八晕覀冋J(rèn)為，這對生活在非洲烈日下的早期人類來說可能非常重要?！?”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Havinghairloweredtheamountofsweatrequiredtobalancethesun’sheat.(頭發(fā)減少了平衡太陽熱量所需的汗液量)”可知，在研究中使用熱光源是為了充當(dāng)炎熱的太陽。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thecurledwigmadethescalparealesshotthanthestraight-hairedwig,andthetightly-coiledwigledtothecoolesthead.(與直發(fā)假發(fā)相比，卷曲的假發(fā)使頭皮區(qū)域不那么熱，而緊卷的假發(fā)則會讓你的頭最涼爽)”可知，不同發(fā)型對頭部溫度的影響不同。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Scientistshavelongwonderedwhyhumansscalps(頭皮)arecoveredinhaireventhoughwearefarlesshairyelsewhere.Anewstudysuggestshaircomingoutofourheadsmayhavedevelopedtostopearlyhumans’brainsfromoverheating.(長期以來，科學(xué)家們一直想知道為什么人類的頭皮上覆蓋著毛發(fā)，盡管我們在其他地方的毛發(fā)要少得多。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，從我們頭上長出的頭發(fā)可能是為了防止早期人類的大腦過熱)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究表明，從我們頭上長出的頭發(fā)可能是為了防止早期人類的大腦過熱。文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及相關(guān)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)?？芍珻選項(xiàng)“頭發(fā)幫助我們的頭部降溫”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Researchshowsthatwith2℃ofglobalwarmingwewillhavemoredisasterslikedroughts,floods,wildfiresandstorms.Unlessweactimmediatelytoreducegreenhousegasemissions,wewon’tbeabletoescapetheworstconsequencesofclimatechange.Thiscanseemdepressing.____16____.Herearesomewaysyoucanbepartoftheclimatesolution:●Transformyourtransport____17____.Somanygovernmentsacrosstheworldaretakingactiontoreducecarbonemissionsintransport.Youcangetaheadstart.Leaveyourcarathomeandwalkorcyclewheneverpossible.Ifthedistancesaretoogreat,choosepublictransport,preferablyelectricoptions.Ifyoumustdrive,offertocarpoolwithotherssothatfewercarsareontheroad.●____18____Toreduceyourfood’scarbonfootprint,buylocalandseasonalfoods.You’llbehelpingsmallbusinessesandfarmsinyourareaandreducingfossilfuelemissionsassociatedwithtransportandcoldchainstorage.Goonestepfurtherandtrygrowingyourownfruit,vegetablesandherbs.____19____.●Don’twastefoodOne-thirdofallfoodproducediseitherlostorwasted.Peoplewaste1billiontonsoffoodeachyear,whichaccountsforaround8-10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Avoidwastebyonlybuyingwhatyouneed.Takeadvantageofeveryedible(可食用的)partofthefoodsyoubuy.Becreativewithleftovers,shareextraswithyourfriendsandneighbours.____20____.It’sabestoptionformanagingorganicwastewhilealsoreducingenvironmentalimpacts.A.GrowyourownfoodB.ShoplocalandbuysustainableC.TransportisatypicalexampleofhumanactivitiesD.Butthegoodnewsisthatthere’salotwecanstilldoasindividualsE.TrafficaccountsforaroundaquarterofallgreenhousegasemissionsF.Youcanplanttheminagarden,onabalconyorevenonawindowsillG.Makecompost(堆肥)outofinediblepartsanduseittofertilize(使肥沃)yourgarden【答案】16.D17.E18.B19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要提出了一些個(gè)人可以減少氣候影響的方法和建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Researchshowsthatwith2℃ofglobalwarmingwewillhavemoredisasterslikedroughts,floods,wildfiresandstorms.Unlessweactimmediatelytoreducegreenhousegasemissions,wewon’tbeabletoescapetheworstconsequencesofclimatechange.Thiscanseemdepressing.(研究表明，隨著全球變暖2℃，我們將面臨更多的災(zāi)害，如干旱、洪水、野火和風(fēng)暴。除非我們立即采取行動減少溫室氣體排放，否則我們將無法避免氣候變化帶來的最嚴(yán)重后果。這似乎令人沮喪)”以及后文“Herearesomewaysyoucanbepartoftheclimatesolution(這里有一些方法可以讓你成為氣候解決方案的一部分)”可知，上文提到了令人沮喪，后文則提到了有辦法，可知本句為過渡句，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出作為個(gè)人也可以采取行動減少氣候影響。故D選項(xiàng)“但好消息是，作為個(gè)人，我們?nèi)匀豢梢宰龊芏嗍虑椤狈险Z境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Somanygovernmentsacrosstheworldaretakingactiontoreducecarbonemissionsintransport.Youcangetaheadstart.Leaveyourcarathomeandwalkorcyclewheneverpossible.Ifthedistancesaretoogreat,choosepublictransport,preferablyelectricoptions.Ifyoumustdrive,offertocarpoolwithotherssothatfewercarsareontheroad.(因此，世界各地的許多政府都在采取行動減少交通運(yùn)輸中的碳排放。你可以有一個(gè)好的開始。把車留在家里，盡可能步行或騎車。如果距離太遠(yuǎn)，選擇公共交通工具，最好是電動交通工具。如果你必須開車，主動和別人拼車，這樣路上的車就會少一些)”可知，后文提到世界各地的許多政府都在采取行動減少交通運(yùn)輸中的碳排放，故本句是在說明交通排放溫室氣體的情況。故E選項(xiàng)“交通排放的溫室氣體約占溫室氣體排放總量的四分之一”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Toreduceyourfood’scarbonfootprint,buylocalandseasonalfoods.(為了減少食物的碳足跡，購買當(dāng)?shù)氐膽?yīng)季食物)”可知，本段的主旨是建議購買當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄铮珺選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ocal對應(yīng)后文local。故B選項(xiàng)“在當(dāng)?shù)刭徫?，購買可持續(xù)產(chǎn)品”符合語境，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Goonestepfurtherandtrygrowingyourownfruit,vegetablesandherbs.(更進(jìn)一步，嘗試自己種植水果、蔬菜和草藥)”可知，上文建議自己嘗試種植植物，本句為本段最后一句，故說明種植的地方，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中them指代上文fruit,vegetablesandherbs。故F選項(xiàng)“你可以把它們種在花園里，陽臺上，甚至窗臺上”符合語境，故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Takeadvantageofeveryedible(可食用)partofthefoodsyoubuy.Becreativewithleftovers,shareextraswithyourfriendsandneighbours.(充分利用你所買食物的每一個(gè)可食用部分。創(chuàng)造性地處理剩菜，與你的朋友和鄰居分享多余的剩菜)”以及后文“It’sabestoptionformanagingorganicwastewhilealsoreducingenvironmentalimpacts.(這是管理有機(jī)廢物同時(shí)減少環(huán)境影響的最佳選擇)”可知，上文提到了充分利用可食用部分，故本句主要是在就如何處理不可食用的剩菜提出建議，故G選項(xiàng)“把不可食用的部分做成堆肥，用來給花園施肥”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIfirstmetMissHarold,shewastheschoollibrarianatLakeviewElementary,andIwasatimid(膽怯的)fourthgrader.Iwasdesperatelytryingtogounnoticed,becauseIhadsomebig____21____,liketerriblehandwritingandamessydesk.AndIwastryingto____22____thefactthatIlikedtoread—somethingthatwascoolforgirlsbutnotforboys.MissHaroldtookmeunderherwingandhelpedmakeitokayformetobea(n)____23____,nerdy(呆子似的)boywhowasreadinglotsofbooks.She____24____meoutofmyshell(殼)bysharingherloveofbooks.Shestartedby____25____questionslike“Whatdoyouliketoread?”Thenshe____26____mealotofbooks,onesthatweremorecomplexand____27____thanthebooksIwasreadingatthetime.OnceI’dreadthem,shewouldmakethe____28____todiscussthemwithme.“Didyoulikeit?”shewouldask,“Why?Whatdidyoulearn?”She____29____listenedtowhatIsaid.Throughthose____30____inthelibraryandintheclassroomwebecamegoodfriends.Lookingbackonitnow,there’sno_____31_____thatmytimewithMissHaroldhelped_____32_____myinterestinlibrariesandmyfocusonhelpingeverychildinAmericagetthebenefitofgreatteachers.I’mso_____33_____tothededicatedlibrarianandteacherwhohelpedmefindmy_____34_____whenIwasnineyearsold.It’sabsolutelyremarkablehowmuchpoweronegoodcanhavein_____35_____thelifeofachild.21.A.plans B.dreams C.advantages D.shortcomings22.A.notice B.understand C.hide D.find23.A.clever B.messy C.noisy D.outgoing24.A.pulled B.gave C.put D.let25.A.asking B.answering C.avoiding D.sharing26.A.sold B.bought C.found D.wrote27.A.challenging B.confusing C.expensive D.understandable28.A.decision B.time C.note D.list29.A.anxiously B.gradually C.generally D.patiently30.A.arguments B.activities C.interviews D.conversations31.A.question B.evidence C.use D.way32.A.lose B.show C.share D.excite33.A.satisfied B.grateful C.regretful D.surprised34.A.hopes B.problems C.strengths D.hobbies35.A.giving B.shaping C.saving D.knowing【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.A26.C27.A28.B29.D30.D31.A32.D33.B34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在小學(xué)四年級的時(shí)候得到圖書管理員Harold很大幫助的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我拼命想讓自己不被人注意，因?yàn)槲矣幸恍┖艽蟮娜秉c(diǎn)，比如寫得很糟糕，桌子很亂。A.plans計(jì)劃；B.dreams夢想；C.advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn)；D.shortcomings缺點(diǎn)。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)iketerriblehandwritingandamessydesk”可知，作者有些缺點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我試圖隱藏這個(gè)事實(shí)——我喜歡閱讀——這對女孩來說很酷，但不適合男孩。A.notice注意到；B.understand理解；C.hide隱藏；D.find發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文“Iwasdesperatelytryingtogounnoticed”可知，作者不想被人注意到自己喜歡閱讀，因?yàn)殚喿x不是男孩應(yīng)該喜歡的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Harold小姐把我置于她的庇護(hù)之下，并幫助我這樣一個(gè)邋遢的書呆子男孩成功度過難關(guān)，讀了很多書。A.clever聰明的；B.messy凌亂的；C.noisy嘈雜的；D.outgoing外向的。根據(jù)前文“terriblehandwritingandamessydesk”可知，作者自認(rèn)為是個(gè)臟亂（邋遢）的男孩。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她和我分享她對書的熱愛，使我擺脫了自我禁錮。A.pulled拉；B.gave給；C.put放；D.let讓。根據(jù)后文“outofmyshell(殼)bysharingherloveofbooks”可知，Harold小姐通過分享對書的熱愛，把作者拉出外殼，即擺脫禁錮。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她首先問了一些問題，比如“你喜歡讀什么書?”A.asking問；B.answering答；C.avoiding避免；D.sharing分享。根據(jù)語境和后文“questionslike‘Whatdoyouliketoread?’”可知，Harold小姐首先問作者一些問題。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她給我找了很多書，比我當(dāng)時(shí)讀的書更復(fù)雜，更有挑戰(zhàn)性。A.sold賣；B.bought買；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)，找；D.wrote寫。根據(jù)語境和后文“mealotofbooks”可知，作為圖書管理員，Harold小姐為作者找出許多書。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.expensive昂貴的；D.understandable可以理解的。根據(jù)前文“onesthatweremorecomplex”和“and”的并列關(guān)系可知，一些書更復(fù)雜，更具挑戰(zhàn)性。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦我讀了，她就會抽出時(shí)間和我討論。A.decision決定；B.time時(shí)間；C.note記錄；D.list清單。根據(jù)語境和后文“todiscussthemwithme”可知，Harold小姐抽出時(shí)間和作者討論讀過的書。故B選項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她耐心地聽我說。A.anxiously焦急地；B.gradually逐漸地；C.generally一般地；D.patiently耐心地。根據(jù)語境和前文“Why?Whatdidyoulearn?”可知，Harold小姐會耐心地聽作者回答。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在圖書館和教室里的談話，我們成了好朋友。A.arguments爭論；B.activities活動；C.interviews面談，面試；D.conversations交談，會話。根據(jù)前文“OnceI’dreadthem,shewouldmakethe____8____todiscussthemwithme.‘Didyoulikeit?’shewouldask,‘Why?Whatdidyoulearn?’She____9____listenedtowhatIsaid.”可知，Harold小姐和作者在圖書館和Harold有過多次談話。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在回想起來，毫無疑問，我和Harold小姐在一起的時(shí)光激發(fā)了我對圖書館的興趣，讓我專注于幫助美國的每一個(gè)孩子都能從優(yōu)秀的老師那里受益。A.question問題，疑問；B.evidence證據(jù)；C.use使用；D.way方法。根據(jù)后文“mytimewithMissHaroldhelped____12____myinterestinlibrariesandmyfocusonhelpingeverychildinAmericagetthebenefitofgreatteachers”可知，作者肯定Harold小姐的幫助起了很大作用，認(rèn)為這是毫無疑問的。noquestion“