2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(上海卷)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試題(八)(含答案)

普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷）模擬試題（八）英語(yǔ)上海高中教研教學(xué)I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Uselesssoap.2.A.Hehasanearinfection.3.A.Johnlooksverydifferent.4.A.Waittoseeifshefeelsbetter.C.Gotobedearly.5.A.Warmer.6.A.He’seagertogototheautoshow.B.He’ssorryhecan’tgowiththewoman.C.Hewantstorepaythewoman’skindness.D.Hefailstoknowhowtorefusetheoffer.7.A.Sheatetheman’sbread.8.A.Shenevergivespeoplejewelry.C.Shedoesn’toftengivegifts.9.A.Hemissedtheinterview.B.Hewon’tbeinthedrama.C.Thedirectorlikeshisvoice.D.He’sbeentakingactinglessons.B.Applymorecream.D.Washerhandscarefully.B.Hedoesn’talwayslisten.C.Tryanotherkindofsoap.C.He’snevermissedameeting.D.Hehadtoattendanothermeeting.B.Shehasn’tseenJohnrecently.D.Shedoesn’tlikeJohn’snewglasses.C.Johnhasbeenawayforsometime.B.Takesomemedicine.D.Seeadoctor.D.Hotter.B.Wetter.C.Cooler.B.Shedidn’tbuyanybread.D.Thebreadmightnothavebeeneaten.B.Shegivesgenerouspresents.C.Thebreadisintherefrigerator.D.Shelikestoreceiveexpensivegifts.10.A.Noonecanbeexcusedfromit.C.Ittakesupalargeamountoftime.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Tomakepreparationsforthesale.B.Topayforherhusband’smedicaltreatment.C.Tohelpthosewhoareinneed.D.Tofindoutwhowerethepersontoturnto.12.A.Topreventthemoneybeingfoundbyherhusband.B.Towaitforsurgeonstocollectthemoney.C.Tohelpthelocalchurchjumblesale.D.Tokeepthemoneysafeandsound.13.A.WanSong.B.InhongSong.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Astronomersareconstantlyanalyzingdata.B.Astronomersoftenlivenearwheretheywork.C.Astronomersdevotealotoftimetotheoreticalproblems.D.Astronomersspendmuchtimelookingthroughtelescopes.15.A.Fewerdataneedtobeanalyzed.B.Thecostofequipmentneededisreduced.C.Theimagescanbestudiedbydifferentastronomers.D.Thenaturalcolorsofastronomicalobjectscanbecaptured.16.A.Tosolvetheproblemofweaklight.B.TospendJesstimeattheirtelescopes.C.Totakeasmanyphotographsaspossible.B.Practicebeginsinafewminutes.D.Onlyplayersspendmuchtimeonit.C.Achurchvolunteer.D.Anoldwoman.D.Tophotographastronomicalobjectswithoutatelescope.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Aticketinspector.C.Aregularpassenger.18.A.Ataticketoffice.C.Atapolicestation.19.A.Theticketofficedidn’topenuntilhalfanhourafterheleft．B.Hewasinsuchahurrythatheforgottobuyaticket.C.Hefailedtofindthemachinethatsoldtickets.D.Theticketofficewastoofarawaytogetto.20.A.Payafine.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WithoutHesitationOnabrightFridayafternooninspring,SumejaTulichadeveryreasontoenjoywalkingthestreetsofNewYork,acityshe(21)_______（move)toninemonthsearlierfromLondontoattendjournalismschool.“Whentheweatherisgood,it’sveryhardtofindareason(22)_______(be)dissatisfiedwiththecity“shesaid.B.Buyaticket.D.Bargainwiththewoman.C.Changehisdestination.B.Ontheplatform.D.Onthetrain.B.Aconductor.D.Atourist.AttheCityHallstation,shesettledontoabench.Itwasjustafter2p.m.Onlyafewpeoplewereatthestation.Amanleanedagainstapillar（柱）,thewayanyonemight,(23)_______（wait)forthetrain.Thestillnesswasinterruptedbyanannouncementthatthenexttrainwastwostationsaway.ThenTulicsawthemanatthepillarcollapsingforwardontothetracks.Themanwhohadfallenwasnotmoving.Twomoremenjumpeddowntohelp.“Idon’tknow(24)_______thesemengotthequickness,”Tulicsaid.“Themanfellwasaboutsixfoottall.Hewaskindof(25)_______(jam)inthetracks.Itwasfrighteningtoknowthatthetrainwascoming.”O(jiān)nthetracks,theunconsciousmanwashelduptoasittingpositionbythethreemen,whothenliftedhimfrombelowtootherswhopulledhimfromaboveandrolledhimontotheplatform.Thentherescuers(26)_______(rescue)byhelpinghands.(27)_____________________theywereallclear,thetrainpulledin.“Peoplegettingoffthetrainwalkedaroundthisunconsciousman,”P(pán)etersonsaid.Hewasnot,however,alone.Twoofthemen(28)_______hadjumpedontotheplatformwereholdinghishands.“Theyweresaying,‘Buddy,you’regoingtobefine,’”Tulicsaid.“Thiswasanadditionallayerofgoodness.”Theambulancearrived,andthemanwastakentoalocalhospital(29)_______seriousbutnon-life-threateninginjuries,officialssaid.“Thatisthe(30)_______(great)thing,”Tulicsaid.“Theinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)）inthiscityofmillionsisthepeoplethemselvesproviding,beingthereforothers.Withoutevenknowingtheperson,whoheis.Itwasbeautifultosee.”SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.appliedB.architecturalC.availableD.defineE.disappointmentF.entireG.outlookH.renewedI.restoreJ.specificK.transformRenaissanceTheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance.Thenitwasadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhom__31__ittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsfrom1450to1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseofthe__32__interestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.Scholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedto__33__thelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothese4scholarsthismeantareturntohumanratherthanspiritualvalues.Fulfillmentinliferatherthanconcernaboutanafterlifebecameadesirablegoal.Expressingthe__34__rangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerlookeddownupon.Thesechangesin__35__deeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod--howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,anddiscussed.Theycouldseethe__36__monuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusicalthoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecoming__37__intranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpressed__38__withthelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthana(n)__39__setofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf--thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries-thatwecannot__40__asingleRenaissancestyle.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Doesyourbossmakeyousick?Employerswhooverworkandmicromanagetheirstaffaredoingjustthat,researchershavefound.Astudyofmorethan7000peoplewhoweremiddle-agedandotherwise__41__hasfoundthoseinhigh-stressofficesweremorelikelytoneedtwoweeksormoreoffworkayearandexperience__42__likechestpainandshortnessofbreath.StudyauthorSamHarveysaiditwasn’tjustoverworkthatseemedtobemakingpeoplefeelsick,buthowmuchcontroltheyhadovertheir__43__.“Ata__44__level,it’sabouthowmuchcontrolyouhaveovertheeveryday,minutebyminuteinyourjob--butatabroaderlevelit’sabouthowmuchcontrolyouhaveinanorganizationandyourabilityto__45__problemsandcomeupwithsolutions,”hesaid.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPlosOne,foundoneinevery15casesoflong-termsickleave,definedaslastingmorethantwoweeks,couldbe__46__ifworkplacesbecamelessstressful.ButDr.Harvey,apsychiatristandresearcherattheBlackDogInstituteandtheUniversityofNSW,saidthe__47__wasnotjustassimpleaspeoplebeingworkedsohardtheyhadaheartattackordevelopeddepression.5“Ithinkthere’sgoodevidencethat__48__ofhigh-demandandlowcontrolcancausehealthproblemslikecardiovasculardiseaseanddepressionandanxiety,butit’salsomuchharderforpeopletoreturntoworkwhentheyhavedevelopedhealthproblems,”hesaid.“Veryoftenit’sa(n)__49__ofproblemsthathavereachedapointwheretheycannolongerwork,andveryoftenwhat’swrittenonthesicknotedoesn’t__50__that.”HesaidtheBlackDogInstitutewasdevelopingprogramstobringintoworkplacestohelplowerstresslevels,whilemanyworkplaceswerelookingatwaystoimprovecontrolamong__51__.“Fromanorganizationalpointofview,that’ssomethingthat’s__52__moreeasilymodifiedorimprovedthanthinkingaboutthelevelofdemandsplacedonpeople,”hesaid.Simplechangesincludedgivingpeoplemore__53__overrostering（制定工作班次）,andcreatingsystemsforpeopletofixworkplaceproblems.“__54__,beingatworkisgoodforpeople’smentalhealth...whatwearetryingtopushtowardsishowtomakeworkplacesmorementalhealthenhancing,”hesaid.ThestudyusedpeoplelivinginNorway,whereauniqueIDsystemforeveryworkerenabledtheteamtoknowexactlyhowmuch__55__participantstookintheyearaftertheywereinterviewedabouttheirhealthandworkenvironment.41.A.confident42.A.distresses43.A.time44.A.low45.A.putout46.A.avoided47.A.question48.A.comparison49.A.accumulation50.A.expect51.A.staff52.A.scarcely53.A.victory54.A.What’smore55.A.greatcareSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Aspartofmyresearch,IcollectedeverydigitizednumberoneNewYorkTimesbestsellerfrom1960to2014andrantheFlesch-Kincaidtest*on563ofthem.Mostbooksmeantfora6B.stressedB.attacksB.lifeB.highB.leaveoutB.extendedB.relationshipB.separationB.considerationB.reflectB.employersB.occasionallyB.advantageB.IngeneralB.sickleaveC.depressedC.disastersC.jobC.simpleC.takeoutC.diagnosedC.principleC.mixC.exposureC.launchC.stressC.potentiallyC.argumentC.OnthecontraryC.harmfulmedicineD.healthyD.symptomsD.economyD.complexD.pointoutD.discoveredD.procedureD.inputD.resolutionD.lowerD.positionsD.equivalentlyD.sayD.BythenD.unnecessaryriskgeneralaudiencewillfallwithinthefourth-toeleventh-graderange,asdidallofthesebestsellers.Ifyoulookatthescoresoverthedecades,anunmistakabletrendbecomesclear:Thebestsellerlistisfullofmuchsimplerfictiontodaythanitwas40or50yearsago.Inthe1960s,themedian（中間的，中位數(shù)的）bookhadagradelevelof8.Todaythemediangradelevelis6.Ontheupperend,JamesMichener’s1988novelAlaskahadagrade-levelscoreof11.1.OfthebooksIanalyzed,25hadagradelevelof9orhigher.Butjusttwoofthesewerewrittenafter2000.Onthelowend,eightbookstiedforthelowestscoreof4.4.Allwerewrittenafter2000byoneofthreehigh-volumewriters:JamesPatterson,JanetEvanovich,andNoraRoberts.There’snowayaroundit:Whileprize-winningliterarynovelssuchasJonathanFranzen’sTheCorrectionsmakethenumberonespotonoccasion,overall,thebookswe’rereadinghavebecomesimpler.Doesthatmeanthatbooks-andthereforetheirreaders-aregetting“dumber”too?Itistruethattoday’sbestsellershavemuchshortersentencesthanthebestsellersofthepast,adropfromamedianof17wordspersentenceinthe1960sto12inthe2000s.Also,today’slistismuchmoreoftentoppedbycommercialnovelsthaninthepast.ItwouldbeeasytoassociatetheNewYorkTimeslistofreading-leveldeclinewiththeriseofargumentsthatthecountry’sintellectisatanall-timelow,butIdon’tthinkthisisfair.Writingdoesn’tneedtobecomplicatedtobeconsideredpowerfulorliterary.Thewinnerofthe2014PulitzerPrizeforfiction,TheGoldfinch,wasalsoabestsellerandhasareadinglevelof7.2.Whilemanyclassicshavehighscores(TheAgeofInnocenceat10.4,OliverTwistat10.1,TheSatanicVersesat10.1),justasmanyhavesurprisinglylowscores:ToKillaMockingbirdat5.9,TheSunAlsoRisesat4.2,andTheGrapesofWrathat4.1.Thesebooksarehighlyrespected,buttheyarealsoaccessibleenoughtobetaughtinmiddleandhighschool.It’slogicalthatourbestsellingbooksarenotcomplex-bydefinition,popularmeanstheyappealtothemasses.Forwhatit’sworth,plentyofsuccessful“l(fā)iterary”writershavewelcomedthebeautyof“easy”writing.Asonebestsellingwriterputit,”O(jiān)nedayIwillfindtherightwords,andtheywillbesimple.”Hisname:JackKerouac.Bytheway,Kerouac’smostpopularbook,OntheRoad,scoresareadinglevelof6.6.*ThefollowingistheformulaoftheFlesch-Kincaidtestandtheresultingscoreisthegradelevelrequiredtounderstandthetext.56.Whatdoesthewriter’sresearchfind?A.TheFlesch-Kincaidtestfailstoreflectthetruth.B.Morenovelswerewrittenbefore2000thanafter2000.7totalwordtotalsyllables0.3911.815.59totalsentencestotalwordsC.Thelanguageofbest-sellershasbeengettingsimpler.D.High-volumewritersweremostlybornbetween1960and2000.57.By“there’snowayaroundit”,thewritermeansthatwhatfollowsis_______.A.somethingthatwecannotdenyB.somethingthatwethinkunusualD.somethingthatwillcausedamageC.somethingthatisworthyofaprizeGrapesofWrath?A.Toillustratehowrespectedbooksareusuallylike.B.Tostresstheimportanceofbeingcomplicatedtoclassics.C.Toremindreadersthattherearetoomanyclassicstoname.D.Toshowthatbookscanbebothrespectedandeasytoread.59.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthetrendofbest-sellersthatisintroducedinthepassage?A.Itmakesreadersdumber.(B)Inaworldwheresciencehasmadealmostanythingimaginable,thinkoutsidetheboxandimagineiftheeverydaythingswealltakeforgrantedweredifferent!B.Itdoesn’tdomuchharm.D.Itshouldbepaidattentionto.C.Itfailstobeacceptedbywriters.58.WhydoesthewritermentionthebooksToKillaMockingbird,TheSunAlsoRisesandThe8Situations1.HowwouldtheworldchangeifKatyKCommentswelearnttocommunicatewithIthinkthiswouldbehorrible!Iwouldn’tbeabletospendallotherspecies,likedogsorcows?thosehoursundermylovelyduvet(羽絨被),Iwouldhavetospendmorehoursatworkwithmyhorribleboss!No,no,no!Fabgirl172.IfwehadthepowertoreadeachIreallywishwecoulddothis!I’vegotadogandtwocatsandother’sthought—howwouldlifebeIwishIknewwhattheywerethinkingandwhattheyreallydifferent?choosetheirwanted.Itwouldbesocooltohaveachatwiththem.PaulfromOzchildren’sItmightfeelabitlikecannibalism(同類相識(shí)),Iguess.wouldtheJeremyJActually,Ithinkit’stimethatpeoplegotsomekindof3.ImagineifeveryonecouldItwouldbeabitdifficulttocarryoneatingthem,wouldn’tit?appearance—howhumanracechange?4.Supposethatmencouldgivequalificationortrainingtobecomeaparent.Alotofthebirthjustlikewomen—howwouldworld’sproblemsareduetobadparentingifyoulookaround.theworldchange?JennyEpLOL…ifonlythiswastrue!Iguessapainlesswayofgiving5.Imaginethataharmlessdrugbirthwouldbeinventedprettyquickly,wouldn’tit?wasinventedsothatwenolongerneededtosleep.WhatwouldtheAmirK.effectsbe?Ifwefoundoutwhatourfriendsreallythoughtofus,we’dgetafewshocks,Iimagine.I’mnotsurethiswouldbesucha6.Supposingpeoplehadtopassangreatidea!exambeforetheycouldbecomeparents—howchange?60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsituationsreceivesnocomments?9wouldsocietyA.Situation2.B.Situation3.C.Situation4.D.Situation6.61.Accordingtothecomments,whatdopeoplethinkofbeingabletocommunicatewithotherspecies?A.Itmaytumouttobeashockingsituation.B.Itmayhavepeopleworkinglongerhours.C.Itmaymakeitunbearabletohaveanimalsasfood.D.Itmayrequireasafeandpainlesswayofcommunication.62.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whatif....?(C)Nothingdrawsattentiontoyournewproductlikeusingittosendfastfoodintospace.InJune,Arizona-basedWorldViewdemonstratedthepotentialofitspioneeringstratollite--asortofminisatellitethatusesaballoontotakegoodsintothestratosphere(平流層)--bypartneringwithKFCtoferrya5-ouncepieceoffriedchicken77,000feetintothedesertsky.“Wetookachickensandwich,launcheditintospacefor17hours,andwhenitcameback,itwasperfect,”saysWorldViewCEOJanePoynter.Poynter’sfinalgoalistosendtouriststotheedgeofspace,tiedtothecompany’sballoons,andtomakethefinalfrontiermoreaccessibleforresearch.Stratollitesareinexpensive,compact,andeasytooperate,idealformonitoringweatherpatternsandprovidingmilitaryreconnaissance（偵察）oremergencycommunicationsduringnaturaldisasters.Theycanalsodowhattraditionalsatellitescan’t:spendmonthsaboveaspecificlocationwithoutmoving.ThoughPoynterdidnotformallytrainasanengineer,shehasspenthercareerinleadingspaceresearch.TheBritishnativetrainedherskillsasatechnicalmanagerwhilepartofBiosphere2,anArizonaresearchfacilitybuilttotestaself-enclosed,self-sufficientecosystem.Itscreatorshopeditcouldonedaybeadaptedforuseinspace.Shespenttwoyearsintheearly1990ssealedinsidewithsevenothers,experiencingeverythingfromoxygenfailurestocolleagues’emotionalbreakdowns.Poyntermetherfuturehusband,TaberMacCallum,ontheproject,andafterward,thecoupleformedParagonSpaceDevelopment.Theybegandevisingbiospheresthatcouldsupportplantandanimallifeinorbit（太空軌道）.“Weshowedit’spossibleforanimalstoliveinanenvironmenttheyarenotusedto:microgravity,”P(pán)oyntersays.In2014,PoynterandMaccallumachievedanotherfirst.TheyledtheengineeringteamthathelpedformerGoogleexecAlanEustaceskydivefromtheedgeofthestratosphere.That’swhenithitthem:Theballoon-parachutesystemtheydesignedforEustacecouldbemodifiedfortourism10B.Ifonly...!C.Howcome?D.Nowonder!andresearch.SotheyformedWorldView,withMacCallumservingaschieftechnicalofficer.ThecompanyhasacontractwithNASAtodetermineifthesystemcouldsomedaybeusedtogatherdataonMars.“Takingstratollitesandflyingthemonotherplanets,”P(pán)oyntersays,“that’sdefinitelyapartofthebigdream.”63.Stratollitesaredifferentfromtraditionalsatellitesinthattheycan_______.A.staymotionlessinspaceB.moveaboutinabiggerareaC.provideemergencycommunicationsD.survivebetterinasituationwithoutgravity64.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutBiosphere2?A.Itwasadaptedfromaspaceshipthatusedtoworkinspace.B.Itwasintendedtobecomeanidealplaceforspaceresearch.C.Theparticipantsallexperiencedsomekindofemotionalbreakdown.D.Theparticipantswereisolatedfromtheoutsideworldforsometime.65.Whatdoesthepronoun“it”(inparagraph5)referto?A.PoynterandMaccallumhavehelpedAlanEustacetoskydive.B.MaccallumwillserveasachieftechnicalofficerinWorldView.C.ThesystemdesignedforEustacecanbeusedformorepurposes.D.PoynterandMaccallumhopetoachievemorefirstsintheircareer.66.WhatisWorldView’sbigdream?A.PartneringwithNASAtodoresearchonotherplanets.B.Usingballoonstosendtouristsorresearchersintospace.C.Givingpeoplemoreopportunitiestotryextremesportsinspace.D.Workingwithfoodcompaniestosendfoodtoastronautsinspace.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Heisbusydevelopingfull-sizedmedicalmodelsofpatientsscheduledtoundergocomplexsurgicalprocedures.B.Dr.ToshioFukudaisapioneerinthefieldofmedicalrobotics.C.Hedidnotbeginhiscareerwiththegoalofdevelopingmedicalrobotics.11D.Heshowedgreatinterestinmedicinewhilehewaslearningengineeringinuniversity.E.Workingtogether,innovatorsinroboticsandmedicinesharewhattheycandotosavelives.F.Toppriorityhasbeengiventolifesavingequipment.ToshioFukuda:MedicalRoboticsPioneerImagineaworldinwhichit’scommonforadoctortoprepareforadifficultsurgeryby“operating”onafull-sized,electronicallyresponsivemodelofapatient.Itmayseemfantastical,butoneengineerisworkingtomakeitpossible.__67__Indesigninghismedicalroboticequipment,Dr.Fukudadrawsuponavarietyofdisciplinesandskillsets.Hisworkservesasanexampleofhowcooperationacrossavarietyoffieldscandriveinnovation.Dr.Fukuda’scareerisacasestudyinhowtheinteractionofvastlydifferentfieldscanproduceexcitingresults.__68__Rather,Dr.FukudaearnedhisPh.D.inmechanicalengineeringinsteadofmedicine;andhisearlyworkfocusedonfindingnewwaysforrobotstomove.Shortlythereafter,Dr.Fukudawasapproachedbyadoctorwhoaskedifhecouldbuildarobotthatcouldtravelinsideahuman’sbloodvessels（血管）.Together,theydesignedamicro-robotthatcouldbeusedforclearingblockedbloodvesselsandperformingotherdelicateoperations.Today,Dr.Fukudahasmovedfromtheworldofthemicro-robottothatofthemacro-robot.__69__Thesetypesofsurgeriesarerarelyperformedbyasingledoctor.Rather,ateamofspecialistsworkstogetherinclosecoordinationtocompleteanoperation.Dr.Fukuda’srobotshelptheseteamstotrainforsurgerybygivingthemtheopportunitytotryoutanentiresurgicalprocedureonafull-scaleroboticreplica（復(fù)制品）ofthepatient.__70__AccordingtoFukuda,“medicalroboticsisaveryinterdisciplinaryarea.”Itdrawsupontheexpertiseofsurgeons,medicalresearchers,roboticsengineers,andevencomputerprogrammers.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TelevisionisdoingirreparableharmTelevisionhasn’tbeenwithusallthatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslikewithoutit.Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomes,weneverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedtoentertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtogooutsideforouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents.Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythetelevision.Werushhomeorhaveourmealsquicklytobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengivenupsittingattableandhavingaleisurely12eveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldoanything,providingitdoesn’tinterferewiththeprogramme.Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld.Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework.Thatiswhymostoftheprogrammersaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththedemandandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogrammes,thewholebecameavillage.Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomesatisfiedwithsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairswatchingothersworking.Littlebylittle,televisioncutsusofffromtherealworld.Televisionmaybeasplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.WeonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistorealJivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountains,farawayfromcivilization.Inquiet,naturalsurroundings,wequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthetelevision.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.面對(duì)困難他們毫不驚慌。(face)73.他的發(fā)現(xiàn)被譽(yù)為本世紀(jì)心理學(xué)最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)。(praise)74.雖然你很有信心