閱讀理解之議論文（原卷版）-2023年高考英語壓軸題訓(xùn)練（全國卷）

壓軸題04閱讀理解之議論文

老向打而

議論文是英語中的重要文體,在閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。相對(duì)于其它文體，

議論文r閱讀要難一些，因此要多加重視。

議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充

分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。

議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)

節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，偶爾考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感態(tài)度?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一

定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。

【考情分析】

議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)

節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，但不排除對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文,

以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。

一、文體特點(diǎn)與閱讀策略

1.語言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語言精練、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式

的結(jié)構(gòu)，即“提出問題（引論）一分析問題（本論）一解決問題（結(jié)論）由此可見，要理解議論文有兩

個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是要弄清文章的論點(diǎn)是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證；二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)——三段

論式結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.答題誤區(qū)

議論文閱讀理解題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)往往在于事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)的區(qū)分以及觀點(diǎn)本身。解題時(shí)，一要弄清哪些是所引述

的事實(shí)，哪些是作者的觀點(diǎn)以及引述中不同人物的觀點(diǎn)；二要弄清作者真正的觀點(diǎn)是什么，既要考慮全文，

又要重視結(jié)論部分，謹(jǐn)防將文章中引述的某人的觀點(diǎn)和作者的觀點(diǎn)混為一談。

「壓軸題要頒

1.主旨大意型

干擾項(xiàng)可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。

干擾項(xiàng)可能是從文中某些（不完全的）事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。

干擾項(xiàng)可能是非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。

正確答案根據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。

選擇"主題"旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨，通常用詞、短語或句子來概括。

常見的提問方式有：

I.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?

2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?

3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

4.Thistextmainlytellsus.

標(biāo)題選擇題則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。通常標(biāo)題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語充當(dāng)，用

詞簡短、精練。常見的提問方式有：

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?

3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

(1)解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。

文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等

細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。

在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)的問題常有以下幾種命題方式：

?Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

②WhiChofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

③Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat.

?Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)?

(2)干擾項(xiàng)：范圍過大、過??；偷換概念；正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。

閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)理解題的干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置有以下幾個(gè)原則：

①包含項(xiàng)原則

在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解，那么我們就說選

項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在"花"與"玫瑰"兩選項(xiàng)中，正

確答案肯定是"花"，花包含了玫瑰。

②正反項(xiàng)原則

所謂正反項(xiàng)，是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。

所以，假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。

③委婉項(xiàng)原則

所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。

這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達(dá)，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,

moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等,而含有絕對(duì)語氣的表

達(dá)往往不是正確答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already

等等。

④同形項(xiàng)原則

命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細(xì)微變化來考查考生的理解能

力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。

⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則

議論文中，那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。

解題方法：原文定位法。

查讀法：(1)帶著問題找答案，把注意力集中在與who,what,when,where問題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)上。

⑵細(xì)心！

3.詞義猜測型

(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進(jìn)行判斷。

(2)根據(jù)文中的定義、事例、解釋猜生詞。用事例或解釋猜生詞；用重復(fù)解釋的信息猜生詞。

(3)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，

其中it和that還可以指一件事。

(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞如bul,however,OtherWiSe等可以看到前后句在意

義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。

(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。俗話說，"有因必有果，有果必有因"。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也

可以找出原因。

(6)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。閱讀中有時(shí)出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面跟著一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋。

(7)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和提示詞猜測詞義。分號(hào)還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義；破折號(hào)表示解釋說明。

常見的問題形式有：

(1)Theword"..."inLine...means/canbebestreplacedby...

(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase""suggests...

(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword∕ρhrase/thesentence"..."is/refersto/means...

常用應(yīng)對(duì)方法：

同義法：常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or,它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此

可以推測詞義。

反義法：如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，互為反義的詞與詞間都

起著互為線索的作用。

釋義法：對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(從句)、表語，甚至用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。

此外，還有情景推斷法、代詞替代法等。

做題要領(lǐng)

(1)從文中找線索或信息詞；

(2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新詞的意思；

(3)根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞在特定句中的確切意思。

(4)要特別注意熟詞新意！

4.推理判斷型

做題要領(lǐng)：既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章的隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、

意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度考慮而不是固守自己的看法。常見的

命題方式有：

(1)Thepassageimplies(暗示)that.

(2)Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat.

(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)？

(4)Whatisthetone(語氣)oftheauthor?

(5)Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?

(6)Thepassageisintendedto.

，壓軸題通噴

(2023?四川成都?石室中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測)Teenagersarethemostdangerousdriversontheroad,andcar

crashesaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongteens.Butthere,sonesimplewaytokeepkidssafe:Don,tgiveteens

acartheyconsidertheirown.

Teenagerswhoreportedthattheywerethemainpersondrivingavehicle,ratherthansharingitwithother

familymembers,weremorethantwiceaslikelytobeinvolvedinacrash.Oneinfourdriverswithprimaryaccess

toacarhadhadanaccidentwhiledrivinginthepastyear,comparedwith1in10forsharedaccess.Thatmeans

25percentofthekidsdrivingtheir"own"carshadatleastoneaccidentlastyear!Theteenswiththeirowncar

alsoweremorelikelytouseacellphonewhiledriving(78percent,comparedwith55percent)andtospeed(70

percentvs54percent).Thesefigurescomefromasurveyof2167teenagersbyresearchersatChildren,sHospital

ofPhiladelphia.Itissaidtobethefirsttolookatwhetherhavingprimaryaccesstoacaraffectssafetyforteenage

drivers.

Whatmakesdrivingafamilycarsafer?Maybeit,sassimpleasknowingthatit,sthefamily,scar.Γmsure

therealizationthatitwasn,t"my"carmadememoresorry-andmorecareful.

Manyparentsareexcitedwhentheirteenagerisfinallydriving,andmanyteensneedtodrivethemselvesto

schoolorwork.Asaresult,it,seasyforparentstothinkthatanewdriverneedsacar.Indeed,theresearchers

foundthat70percentoftheteenagerssaidthattheyhadtheir“own"car.Thisisdangerous,andparentsshould

considerdelayinggivingachildacaratleastuntiltheteenagerhasbeendrivingforayear.

Childrenwhohavestrictparentswere50percentlesslikelytohavehadacrashinthepastyear,compared

withparentswhosestyleispermissive.Theadvice:Don,tbeafraidtosetrulesforsafedrivingbehavior,andtake

thekeysifthoserulesaren,tfollowed.Infact,makingyourteenagersay,4?Mom,canIhavethecarkeys?”maybe

oneofthesimplestandbestwaystokeepyourchildsafe.

1.Thepercentageofteenagerswhospeedwhiledrivingafamilycaris

A.54%B.70%C.55%D.78%

2.Whataremanyparentsexcitedat?

A.Theirteenagerfindingajob.B.Theirteenagermakingfriends.

C.Theirteenagergettingadrivinglicense.D.Theirteenagerbuyingtheirowncar.

3.Howdoestheauthormakehispointtrustworthyinthetext?

A.Byusingsomeexamples.B.Byofferingsomefigures.

C.Byreasoningandconcluding.D.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Teenagers:themostdangerousdriversB.Keepteenssafe-notgivingthemacar

C.TeensdrivingaloneworryparentsD.Familysharedcarscanavoidcarcrashes

（2022?貴州遵義?統(tǒng)考三模）Fewpeopleknewaboutonlinefooddeliveryappstenyearsago,buttoday,

manywouldfindithardtolivewithoutthem.InChinaalone,over400millionpeopleusesuchapps.Forbetteror

forworse,onlinefooddeliveryserviceshavechangedthewayweeat,andtheyarealsohavingahugeimpacton

oursociety.

Theseserviceshavenodoubtbroughtusmanybenefits.Theyprovidejobsformillionsofpeopleandhelp

restaurantsfindmorecustomers.Sincetheappsareveryconvenient,theyalsobenefitconsumers:wecannow

havemealsdeliveredatanytimeofday,despitebadweatherorbusyschedules.Thisisespeciallyimportantfor

peoplewhoworklonghours,sincetheymightnothavetimetocook.Notonlydotheseappssavetime,theyalso

provideuswithawidevarietyofrestaurantstochoosefrom.Theyhaveprovedtobeusefulforretiredpeopleas

well:seniorswholivefarawayfromrestaurantsandsupermarketscannowgetholdofmealsandgroceriesmore

easily.

However,wemustnotforgetthedrawbacksofonlinefooddeliveryservices.Foronething,theymakeit

eveneasiertoorderunhealthyfood,highinsugar,fatandsalt.Foodsafetyisanotherproblem:itcanbehardto

establishwherethefoodactuallycomesfrom,andwhethertheownerislegallypermittedtorunarestaurant.As

CoUrierSneedtodelivertheordersasquicklyaspossible,somepaylittleregardtotrafficrules.Inrecentyears,

therehavebeenanumberofterribletrafficaccidentsbecauseofthis.Moreover,theindustryiscreating

unbelievableamountsofpackagingwaste:overamilliontonsofonlinefooddeliveryboxesarethrownaway

everyyear.Expertsassumethatthisnumberwillcontinuetogrowinthefuture,andthiswillhaveanegative

impactontheenvironment.

5.WhatcanweIeamfromparagraph1?

A.Manypeopleknewaboutonlinefooddeliveryappstenyearsago.

B.Theonlinefooddeliveryappsarewildlywelcomednow.

C.Chinesepeopledon'tspeakhighlyoftheonlinefooddeliveryapps.

D.Theonlinefooddeliveryappsarehavingapositiveimpactonus.

6.Howmanydisadvantagesofonlinefooddeliveryservicesarementionedinthepassage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph3probablymean?

A.Bosses.B.Consumers.C.Policemen.D.Deliverymen.

8.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetotheapps?

A.Objective.B.Opposed.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.

（2023?內(nèi)蒙古赤峰?校聯(lián)考三模）AccordingtoastudydonebyUniversityofMichigan,shoppingtoreduce

stresswas40timesmoreeffectiveatgivingpeopleasenseofcontrolandshopperswerethreetimeslesssadthan

thoseonlylookingatitems.

Morethanhalfofthe1,000consumerssurveyedbyCreditKarma,headresearcherofthestudy,saidthey

haveshoppedtodealwithfeelingsofstressordepression.About48percentofmenand31percentofwomenwho

havestressshoppingsaidtheyhadpurchasedalcoholwhenstressed.About82percentofwomenspendon

clothingcomparedto52percentofmen.Womenalsoleadshoppingforjewellery,42percent,comparedto22

percentformen.

Insomesense,stressshoppingcanactuallyhelpyouliveahealthierlifebymakingsurethatyourblood

pressureislowered.Thesurveyfound82percenthadonlypositivefeelingsabouttheirpurchasesandthatthe

positivemoodwaslong-lasting.However,stressshopping,formany,couldgrowintoadrivethatusesupmoney,

causesconflict,andthereforeaddsgreatstresstolife.

Despitethein-timejoyfrompurchases,stressshoppingneverprovesalong-lastingcuretostressor

depression.Actuallyitneedstobeavoidedanyhow.Whetheryou,repurchasingChristmaspresentsorbuying

groceries,havingtheitemsyouneedwrittendownwillprovideyouwithbrightnesswhileshopping.Reward

yourselfforstickingtoyourlistandyou,llbemorelikelytocommittoit.

Inaddition,alwaysthinkaboutwhatyoustrugglewithmostfinancially.Doyouspendtoomuchmoneyat

themall?Eatingout?Vacations?Makealistofwhereyourmoneyisgoingandtakenecessarystepstoresistyour

desire.Forexample,ifyouspendtoomuchmoneyondiningoutonweekends,stuffyourcupboardwithfoodon

Friday.Soyou,llbemorelikelytostayinandcook.Andyouneedtogiveuptheneedtokeepupwithothers.

Eveiyone,sfinancialsituationisdifferentandcomparisonmayleadtodebtanddissatisfactionwithwhatyou

alreadyhave.

9.Whydoestheauthormentionthosenumbersinparagraph2?

A.Toexplainthetext.B.Toattractreaders.

C.Tosupportanidea.D.Tointroduceatopic.

10.Whichofthefollowingmayhelpdealwithstressshopping?

A.Adjustingmood.B.Recordingexpenses.

C.Turningtomedicines.D.Comparingwithothers.

11.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetostressshopping?

A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.

12.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Doesshoppingbenefitus?B.Morestressed,womenormen?

C.ShouldWecomparewithothers?D.Canstressshoppingreducestress?

（2022?寧夏銀川?銀川一中校考一模）IhavefrequentlytaughtResearchMethodsandDesigntocollege

studentsatseveralinstitutions.Iloveteachingthiscourse.Onereason,ofcourse,isthatIenjoythinkingabout

researchmethodology（方法學(xué)）andsharingitwithothers.Theotherreason,however,istheobviousimpactthatit

hasonstudents.Everyterm,one（ifnotmore）studenttellsmehowtakingthiscoursehasaffectedhim/her:"I

usedtojustreadarticlesandbelievewhattheysaid,butnowIfindmyselfasking4Isthistrue?Howdotheyknow?

Isthisawelldesignedstudy?”ThatiswhatIwantthestudentstoachieveinthiscourse.

ThisbringstomindsomethingwrittenbyDorothyL.Sayersin1948.Oneofherbooks,TheLostToolsof

LeamingspeakstoSayers,thoughtsoneducation.?4Byteachingouryoungmenandwomentoread,wehaveleft

thematthemercyoftheprintedwords.Bytheinventionofthefilmandtheradio,wehavemadecertainthatno

dislikeforreadingshallprotectthemfromtheconstantbatteryofwords,words,words.Theydonotknowwhat

thewordsmean:theyarevictimstowordsintheiremotionsinsteadofbeingthemastersofthemintheir

intelligence.^^

Wearewellpastthe1940s,butherobservationisstillrelevant.Sayers,pointiswelltaken.Intheworldof

24-hournewsandsocialmediathatoftenresembles（類彳以）theWildWest,theabilitytocarryoutevaluationshas

neverbeenmoreimportant.Inordertoresistthedistortionswithwhichweareconstantlybombedinthemedia,as

wellasbeabletopresentapersuasiveargument,wemustbeabletoreasonwell,andthinkandgiveajudgement

carefully.

WhenmystudentsbegintheResearchMethodsandDesigncourse,theyaregenerallynotcontenttoreadall

thoseresearcharticle?give.However,bytheendofthecourse,theyareexcitedabouttheirnewlyobtained

abilities.

13.Whatistheauthor,scoursegoalforherstudents?

A.Thinkingcritically.B.Readingdeeply.

C.Designingstudieswell.D.Questioningthemselves.

14.WhatdidSayersimplyabouteducation?

A.Itwasboring.B.Itwasworrying.

C.Itwasconventional.D.Itwasuseless.

15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distortions“inparagraph3referto?

A.Popularnews.B.Variousevaluations.

C.Persuasivearguments.D.Misleadinginformation.

16.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?

A.Toreviewabook.B.Tointroduceawriter.

C.Tosuggestapracticalskill.D.Tocriticizesocialmedia.

（2022?新疆?統(tǒng)考一模）Feelinghungry?Ifso,what,stheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofus

willreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusy

andhecticlives,orsomeotherreasonsthatwelacktheskillstoprepareamealforourselvesmightaddtoour

needtobuyready-madefoodonthegoordeliveredtohome.

Eatingoptions（thefreedomtochoose）areendless,andnewtechnologymeansWecanfeedourcravingsor

eagerdesiresatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient,and

duringtherecentcoronavirus（冠狀病毒）crisis,itprovidedalifelinetothosestuckathomewithnothingtocook

orwholackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It,sestimated（估i十）thatintheUKalone,peopleeat

threemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100cuisines

from60,000restaurants.AmeliaBrophy,HeadofUKDataProductsatYouGov,toldtheBBCthatitsresearch

""suggeststhatthefrequencyoftakeawaysorderedisexpectedtoincreaseinthefuture,,?

It,snowonderwearetemptedandattractedtoskipthegroceryshopping,bypassthekitchen,andtuckinto

somethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingadeepcrustpizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,can

comeatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhassome

effectonobesity（肥胖）andtheriskofdevelopingcertainmetabolicandcardiovasculardiseases.Afewyearsago,

TheBBCGoodFoodNationSurveyfoundthatmostpeopleatefastfoodonaveragetwodaysperweek.But,in

the16to20-year-oldcategory,oneinsixatefastfoodatleasttwiceaday.

Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier,aswellasoffering

smallerportionsizes.ButthebestadviceyoumightwanttotakeawayfromthisTakeawayEnglishistofinda

recipebookandtrymakingyourownnutritiousmeal.Andifyouhaven,tgottime,tryorderingahealthier

alternativefromthemenu.

17.Whymightsomepeoplechoosetoorderatakeawaymeal?

A.Theymightbetoolazytocookthemselves.

B.Theymightneverhavetheexperienceofcooking.

C.Theymightbesoyoungthattheycan,tcookforthemselves.

D.Theymightbetoobusytocookormightbeshortoftheskillstoprepareameal.

18.Whatisthequickandeasywaytoorderyourtakeawayfood?

A.TakeawaydeliveryappsB.Atakeawaymenu

C.Groceryshopping.D.Goingtotherestaurant.

19.What,sthenumberofthetakeawaymealseatenbypeopleadayintheUnitedKingdom?

A.100.B.60,000.C.3,000,000D.3,000,000,0000

20.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Thereasonsofthegreatneedoftakeawayfood.

B.Thesuggestionsofmakingtakeawayshealthier.

C.Theincreasesoftakeawaysinthefuture.

D.Theresultsoffastfood.

（2023?河南焦作?焦作市第一中學(xué)統(tǒng)考二模）Definitionsofadultlearningvary,butitisusuallydefinedas

allformsoflearningundertakenbyadultsafterhavingleftinitialeducationandtraining,howeverfarthisprocess

mayhavegone.

Educationandtrainingareimportantfactorsforachievingthestrategyobjectivesofraisingeconomicgrowth,

competitivenessandsocialinclusion.However,withsomeexceptions,theprocessofimplementingeducationand

trainingremainsweak.Mosteducationandtrainingsystemsarestilllargelyfocusedontheeducationandtraining

ofyoungpeopleandlimitedprogresshasbeenmadeinchangingsystemstomirrortheneedforlearning

throughoutthelifespan.

Anadditional4millionadultswouldneedtoparticipateinlifelonglearning.Recentresearchconfirmsthe

importanceofinvestinginadultlearning.Theresearchonadultsindicatesthatthosewhoengageinlearningare

healthier,withaconsequentreductioninhealthcarecosts.

ThebigeconomicchallengeinEuropeistoraiseitsgrowthandemploymentperformancewhilepreserving

socialCOheSion（凝聚力）.Therapidprogressinotherregionsoftheworldshowstheimportanceofcreative,

advancedandqualityeducationandtrainingaskeyfactorsofeconomiccompetitiveness.Generallevelsof

competencemustincrease,bothtomeettheneedsofthelabourmarketandtoallowcitizenstofunctionwellin

today,ssociety.

Europeisfacingbigdemographic（人口的）changesthatwillhaveamajorimpactonsocietyandonthe

economyandconsequentlyoneducationandtrainingprovisionandneeds.Overthenext30years,thenumberof

youngerEuropeanswillfallby15%.OneinthreeEuropeanswillbeover60yearsold,andaboutoneintenwill

beover80.

Giventhechallengesidentifiedabove,raisingtheoveralllevelofskillsoftheadultpopulationbyoffering

moreandbetterlearningopportunitiesthroughoutadultlifeisimportantforbothefficiencyandequityreasons.

Notonlydoeslifelonglearninghelpmakeadultsmoreefficientworkersandmoreactivecitizens,italso

contributestotheirpersonalwell-being.

21.Wliichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“implementing“inparagraph2?

A.Carryingout.

B.Takingin.

C.Knowingabout.

D.Lookingover.

22.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?

A.Adultshavereducedhealthcarecosts.

B.Learningisgoodforadults,health.

C.Fewadultsneedtoreceivelearning.

D.Moreresearchwillfocusonlearning.

23.WhatproblemdoesEuropefaceaccordingtothetext?

A.Europeansarenothealthy.

B.ManyoldEuropeanshavedied.

C.TheEuropeanpopulationisaging.

D.YoungEuropeansareoutofwork.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?

A.Lifelonglearningisessential.

B.Raisingadultpopulationissignificant.

C.Weshouldhelpmoreefficientworkers.

D.Workcontributestopersonalwell-being.

（2023?河南鄭州?鄭州外國語學(xué)校校考模擬預(yù)測）ThereisanoldChineseproverbthatstatest?One

generationplantsthetrees;anothergetstheshade,,,andthisishowitshouldbewithmothersanddaughters.The

relationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilarto

friendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfroma

friendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludeahierarchy（等級(jí)）ofresponsibilitiesandunconditionallove,which

PreCIUdemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.

Marina,27yearsold,said,??Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn,tconsiderhermybestfriend.

Bestfriendsdon,tpayforyourwedding.Bestfriendsdon,tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyand

gaveyoulife!Bestfriend:don,ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliveatleast20yearslonger

thanyou.^^Thisdoesn,tmeanthatthemotheranddaughterrelationshipcan,tbeverycloseandsatisfying.

Whilesomeadultrelationshipsarestilltroubled,manyfindthemtobeextremelyrewarding.Thisgeneration

ofmothersandadultdaughtershasalotincommon,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofsharedcompanionship.

Mothersanddaughtershavealwayssharedthecommonexperienceofbeinghomemakers,responsiblefor

maintainingandpassingonfamilyvaluesandtraditions.Todaycontemporarymothersanddaughtersalsoshare

theexperienceoftheworkforceandtechnology,whichmaybringthemevenclosertogether.

Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends,butforbetterorworse,themotheranddaughter

relationshipispermanent,evenifforsomeunfortunatereasontheyaren,tspeaking.Themotherandchild

relationshipiscloserthananyother.Thereisnotanequalrelationship.Daughtersshouldnotfeelresponsiblefor

theirmother,semotionalwell-being.Itisn,tthattheydon,tcaredeeplyabouttheirmothers.It,sjustthatthey

shouldn,tbeburdenedwiththeirmother,swell-being.

Themotheranddaughterrelationshipisarelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother.Mothersnever

stopbeingmothers,whichincludesfrequentlywantingtoprotecttheirdaughtersandoftenfeelingresponsiblefor

theirhappiness.Mothersalways“trump（月生過）“friends.

25.Wliatdoestheunderlinedword"preclude"inparagraph1probablymean?

A.differB.preventC.benefitD.change

26.WhatdoWeknowfromthetext?

A.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipcanbereplacedbyabestfriend.

B.Amother'slovebringsherandherdaughteraclosefriendship.

C.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipgoesbeyondbestfriends,friendship.

D.Marinahasatroubledrelationshipwithhermother.

27.Howdoestheauthormainlyprovehisstatements?

A.Bylistingdata.B.Bygivingexplanations.

C.Byquotingsayings.D.Bygivingexamples.

28.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoBeaGoodMotherandDaughter?B.WhoIsaMother'sBestFriend?

C.MothersorFriends?D.CanaMotherBeaDaughter,sBestFriend?

（2021?甘肅天水?天水市第一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）Whatpicturedoyouhaveofthefuture?Willlifeinthe

future