2024年職稱英語等級考試真題-理工B參考答案

2024年職稱英語等級考試真題〔理工類B級〕第1局部：詞匯選項(xiàng)〔第1～15題，每題1分，共15分〕下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線局部確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1、Joecametothewindowasthecrowdchanted，〞joe，joe，joe！〞A、jumpedB.repeatedC.maintainedD.approached2、Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyhisbooksaresopopular.A.confusesB.shocksC.influencesD.concerns3.Thestormcausedseveredamage.A.physicalB.accidentalC.environmentalD.serious4.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthservice，andwesucceeded.A.offerB.modernizeC.provideD.fund5.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely6.AlargecrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassy.A.watchedB.gatheredC.shoutedD.walked7.Thecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobvious.A．needB.hateC.loveD.pity8.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.A.colorB.arrangementC.sizeD.function9.Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy10.Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.A.allowedB.calledC.advisedD.encouraged11.Ithink￡7foradrinkisabitsteep，don’tyou？A.tightB.highC.lowD.cheap12.Mostbabiescantakeinawiderangeoffoodeasily.A.bringB.keepC.serveD.digest13.Thecitycentrewaswipedoutbythebomb.A.destoryedB.coveredC.reducedD.moved14.Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks.A.emptyB.bigC.longD.new15.Dowehavetowearthesenametags？A.listsB.labelsC.formsD.codes第2局部：閱讀判斷〔第16～22題，每題1分，共7分〕下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakesInthefirstweekofNovember2024，peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest，amagnitude〔量〕5.6quake，shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium，causedcracksinafewbuildingsandscaredmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV，youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster，andalsothemostunpredictable，istheearthquake.ResearchersattheUSGeologicalSurvey〔USGS〕estimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesoccurgloballyeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary，butpeopledon’tfeelmanyofthembecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean，andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude.Scientistsknowaboutsmall，remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers〔地震儀〕。Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrations〔震顫〕producedbyearthquakes.Altogether，USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20000earthquakeseachyear.Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld，reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen，onaverage，onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates〔構(gòu)造板塊〕。ThctonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust〔外殼〕，sometimesmanykilometersthick.Often，edgesoftheseplatestemporarilylocktogether.Whenplatespushandscrape〔擦〕pasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage，tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly--boutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.Butsometimesearthquakesrumble〔轟轟作響〕throughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected，these“mid-plate〞smallearthquakescanbestantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexampleshittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today，scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.16.Oklahomaisanareaoftenexperiencingnaturaldisasters.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Theearthquakeisthemostunpredictablenaturaldisaster.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Fewearthquakeshappenwithoutpeople’sawareness.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.SeismometerscanidentifyandlocatemostoftheearthquakesinChina.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude8orhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonicplates.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Whenevertectonicplatesmove，earthquakeshappen.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TheearthquakethathittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesagoisthebiggest〞mid-plate〞oneinhistory.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3局部：概括大意與完成句子〔第23--30題，每題1分，共8分〕下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：〔1〕第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)最正確標(biāo)題；〔2〕第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。LearnaboutNobleGases〔惰性氣體〕1Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon？Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhellum〔氦〕。Formerly，balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore，peopleshiftedtohelium，whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.2Peopleoncebellevedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason，theywerecalledinertgases〔惰性氣體〕。TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence〔價(jià)〕electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.3Thegasesareelements，whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic，colorless，odorless，beingabletoconductelectricity，andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium，Neon，Argon，Krypton，XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18，intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable，youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones，whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular〔分子的〕weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.4Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons，whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled〞ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete，theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell，meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance，theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays，thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.5becauseoftheirproperties，noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance，liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets〔磁體〕。Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged，hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging〔MRI〕。MRIallowsthedoctorto“see〞thebrain，withoutoperatingonthepatient.23.paragraph2____D__24.paragraph3___F__25.paragraph4___E__26.paragraph5____C__A.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered？B.whatistheperiodictable？C.whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases？D.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast？E.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases？F.Whatarenoblegases？27.NoblegasesarenotverychemicallyB。28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumistheF。29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases’outershellisA。30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatientC。A.completeB.reactiveC.unnecessaryD.flammableE.importantF.lightest第4局部：閱讀理解〔第31～45題，每題3分，共45分〕下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。第一篇GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury，newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist〔佛教〕culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan，however，wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread，andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then，in1972，anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern，butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct〔GNP〕。TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases，peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness〔GNH〕。GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare，education，andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy，protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally，peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood，stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks，andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2024，KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking，ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally，Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople，cultures，andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil，perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.31.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck？A.Aking.B.Apresident.C.ABuddhistpriest.D.Ageneral.32.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan，whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan？A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitstraditionsandcustoms.C.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.D.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.33.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.spendingmoremoney.B.spendinglessmoney.C.providingmorejobs.D.sellingmoreproducts.34.AccordingtoGNH，peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.canchangetheirreligion.C.haveagood，stablegovernment.D.havemoremoney.35.TodaymanycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.第二篇ArchiveGallery：TheBestofBionics〔仿生學(xué)〕Humansmightbethemosthighly-evolvedspeciesontheplanet，butmostanimalspossessskillswecanonlydreamofhaving.Imaginehowmuchelectricitywecouldsaveifwecouldseeinthedarkthewaycatsdo.Imagineleapingfromtreetotreelikeamonkey.Giraffes〔長頸鹿〕，whichareotherwisecalmandgood-natured，sleeponly4.6hoursaday.Werealizedalong，longtimeagothatnatureprovidesthebestblueprint〔藍(lán)圖〕forinvention.We’veborrowedcanalsfrombeavers〔河貍〕andreflectorsfromcat’seyes.Althoughthewords“bionics〞becamepopularonlyafterthe1960s，historyshowsthatnaturehasalwaysprovidedideasonsolvingeverydayproblems.Ourarchives〔檔案〕don’tgobacktothetimeofLeonardodaVinciandhisbird-likeflyingmachines，butwecantakeyoutothelate19thcentury，whereweappliedthosesameprinciplesforbuildingourfirstpracticalairplanes.TopreparefortheirflightatKittyHawk，theWrightbrothersstudiedthemovementsofpigeonstofigureouthowtheystayedhighupwhentheywereheavierthanair.Theirsuccessinspiredscoresofsuccessorstoimproveontheairplanebystudyingvariousaspectsofnature.OneofOrvilleWright’spupilscaughtandstuffedseagullstoexaminetheirwingspan.Meanwhile，twoFrenchinventorsexaminedspinningsycamore〔梧桐〕seedsinanefforttoapplythosesamemotions，reversed，toahelicopter.Someexamplesaremoreobviousthanothers.TheoutsideoftheairplanedesignedbytheWrightbrotherslookslikeaminimalistic〔簡單抽象藝術(shù)〕structure.Ontheotherhand，BarneyConnett’sfishsubmarine〔潛水艇〕actuallylookslikeafish.Somebio-inspiredconceptshaveyettobeinvented.Inthe1960s，theUSArmycommissionedseveraluniversityprofessorstoconductresearchonthemotorskillsanimalsinhopeofapplyingthosesameabilitiestotanks.Tanksthatrunlikehorsesorjumplikegrasshoppers〔螞蚱〕-soundsshocking，doesn’tit？Butimaginehowlifewouldchangeifwecouldachievethat.36.“cats〞，〞monkeys〞and“giraffes〞mentionedinparagraph1areexamplestoillustrateA.theyarehighly-evolvedspeciesashumans.B.humanscanlearnanimals’skills.C.theyareskillfulindifferentways.D.animalshaveskillsthathumansdonotpossess.37.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinthearchivegallery？A.Historybooks.B.TheWrightbrothers’sculpture.C.Firstpracticalairplanesbuiltinthelate19thcentury.D.Leonardodavinci’sbird-likeflyingmachines.38.WhathappenedaftertheWrightbrothers’success？A.Peoplecarriedoutasystematicstudyonpigeons.B.Peoplestudiedmoreanimalsandplantstodeveloptheairplane.C.Peoplecoundflytheirairplaneforfun.D.PeoplekepttheirairplaneataFrenchgallery.39.WhichofthefollowingintrueabouttheresearchcarriedoutbytheUSArmy？A.Ithaschangedourlife.B.Ithascostalargesumofmoney.C.Ithasimprovedtheabilitiesoftanks.D.Ithasnotsucceededyet.40.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellinthepassage？A.Manyinventionsgetideasfromnature.B.Someanimalspossessuniqueskills.C.Peopleshouldprotectnature.D.Bionicsisfarfromperfect.第三篇“LifeFormFound〞onSaturn‘sTitanScientistssaytheyhavediscoveredhintsofalienlifeontheSaturn’smoon.ThediscoveryofasortoflifewasannouncedafterresearchersattheUSspaceagency，NASA，analyzeddatafromspacecraftCassini，whichpointedtotheexistenceofmethane-basedformoflifeonSaturn‘sbiggestmoon.Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare“breathing〞inTitan’sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.TheyarguethathydrogengetsabsorbedbeforehittingTitan‘splanet-likesurfacecoveredwithmethanelakesandrivers.This，theysay，pointstotheexistenceofsome“bugs〞consumingthehydrogenatthesurfaceofthemoonlessthanhalfthesizeoftheEarth.“Wesuggestedhydrogenconsumptionbecauseit’stheobviousgasforlifetoconsumeonTitan，similartothewayweconsumeoxygenonEarth，〞saysNASAscientistChrisMcKay.“Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife，itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonEarth.〞Todate，scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflifeanywhere，thoughthereareliquid-water-basedmicroorganismsonEarththatgrowwellonmethaneorproduceitasawasteproduct.OnTitan，wheretemperaturesarearound90Kelvin〔minus290degreesFarenheit〕，amethanebasedorganismwouldhavetouseasubstancethatisliquidasitsmediumforlivingprocesses，butnotwateritself.WaterisfrozensolidonTitan‘ssurfaceandmuchtoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.ScientistshadexpectedtheSun’sinteractionswithchemicalsintheatmospheretoproduceacoatingofacetyleneonTitan‘ssurface.ButCassinidetectednoacetyleneonthesurface.TheabsenceofdetectableacetyleneontheTitan’ssurfacecanverywellhaveanon-biologicalexplanation，saidMarkAllen，aprincipalinvestigatoroftheNASATitanteam.“Scientificconservatismsuggeststhatabiologicalexplanationshouldbethelastchoiceafterallnon-biologicalexplanationsareaddressed，〞Allensaid.“Wehavealotofworktodotoruleoutpossiblenon-biologicalexplanations.Itismorelikelythatachemicalprocess，withoutbiology，canexplaintheseresults.〞41.WhatdoscientistsclaimtohavefoundaboutSaturn？A.Water-basedlifeonit.B.Methane-basedlifeonitsbiggestmoon.C.Anewmoonmovingaroundit.D.Earthlikelifeonitsbiggestmoon.42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTitanistrue？A.ItisaslargeastheEarth.B.Thereisacetyleneonitssurface.C.Wateronitactsasalifesupportingmedium.D.Hydrogenconsumptionisreportedtobeonit.43.Theexpression“thisformoflife〞inparagraph5referto？A.Water-basedlife.B.oxygen-basedlife.C.Methane-basedlife.D.Liquid-basedmicroorganisms.44.ItcanbeinferredfromMarkAllen’saddressthatA.ScientistsaretryingtoconfirmtheseislifeonTitan.B.Scientistsagreethatachemicalprocessisaconvincingexplanation.C.Scientistssharetheopinionthatabiologicalexplanationisreasonable.D.ScientistsarearguingoverwhetherthereislifeonTitan.45.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethetitleofthispassage？A。AdifferentLifeForm，aPossibility.B.EarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.C.FindingofOneMoreMoonofSaturn’s.D.Titan，aNewSatelliteDiscovered.第5局部：補(bǔ)全短文〔第46～50題，每題2分，共10分〕下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。VoiceYourOpinion：ChangeIsNeededinYouthSportsEverywhereyoulook，youseekidsbouncingabasketballorwavingatennisracquet〔網(wǎng)球拍〕。Andthesekidsaregettingyoungerandyounger.Insomecountries，childrencancompeteonbasketball，baseball，andvolleyballteamsstartingatagenine.〔46B〕Andswimmingandgymnasticsclassesbeginatagefour，topreparechildrenforcompetition.It’struethatafewofthesekidswilldevelopintohighlyskilledathletesandmayevenbecomemembersofthenationalOlympicteams.〔47F〕Thisemphasisoncompetitioninsportsishavingseriousnegativeeffects.Childrenwhogetinvolvedincompetitivesportsatayoungageoftengrowtiredoftheirsport.Manyparentspressuretheirkidstochooseonesportanddevotealltheirtimetoit.〔48C〕But66percentoftheyoungathleteswantedtoplaymorethanonesport-forfun.Anotherproblemisthepressureimposedbyover-competitiveparentsandcoaches.Childrenarenotnaturallycompetitive.Infact，arecentstudybyPauloDavidfoundthatmostchildrendon’tevenunderstandtheideaofcompetitionuntiltheyaresevenyearsold.〔49D〕Thethird，andbiggest，problemforyoungathletesisthelackoftimetodotheirhomework，havefun，bewithfriends—inshort，timetobekids.Whentheyareforcedtospendeveryafternoonatsportspractice，theyoftenstarttohatetheirchosensport.Asearchersfoundthat70percentofkidswhotakepartincompetitivesportsbeforetheoftwelvequitbeforetheyturneighteen.〔50A〕Excessivecompetitiveawayalltheenjoyment.Needtorememberthepurposeofyouthsports–togivekidsachancetohavedevelopingstrong，healthybodies.A.Butwhatabouttheothers，theaveragekids？B.Theyouthsoccerorganizationhasteamsforchildrenasyoungasfive.C.Asurveyfoundthat79percentofparentsofyoungathleteswantedtheirchildrenconcentrateononesport.D.Veryyoungkidsdon’tknowwhytheirparentsarepushingthemsohard.E.Sportsforchildrenhavetwoimportantpurposes.F.Manyofthemcompletelyloseinterestinsports.第6局部：完形填空〔第51～65題，每題1分，共15分〕下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCitiesAnewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeencarriedoutrecentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao．Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand51development．Shewarnsthatmanyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas，especiallyindevelopingcountries．willlikelysufferfromthe52ofchangingclimate．Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto53emissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases．Thesegasesareknowntoaffecttheatmosphere．〞Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofound54tothegrowingcitiesoftheworld，〞saysRomeroLankao.〞Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiestoprotecttheirresidents.“Ci