2023年河北省高考英語真題及答案解析

2023年河北省高考英語真題及答案解析

本試卷共12頁?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

注意事項(xiàng)：L答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)

確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。

2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆

書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。

3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答

案無效；在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。

4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。

5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙

刀。

第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!

Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,

parks,squaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideof

Amsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyin

Amsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemake

surethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,

includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（殺U車），bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排擋），bikeswith

childseats,andchildren'stdkes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€1100€7.50

1day(24hours)€14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€600

1

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,

HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,

startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghow

naturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthrough

plantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthis

processcouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobserving

natureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsof

fishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,

maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallan

eco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,

heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundto

localpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksand

waited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirown

ecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeas

foodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacility

thattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machine

tocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

"Ecologicaldesign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.atLifeonEarthiskindofaboxof

sparepartsfortheinventor,hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafs

happening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.99

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

2

5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

6.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn's

invention.

7.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

c

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailed

explorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyif

youdecideifsrightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundations

ofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople's

digitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigital

minimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:the

digitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirty

days.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonline

activitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.

Indoingso,I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperform

adigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants9storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellfor

them,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培

養(yǎng)）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchasthe

importanceofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethe

timemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,

whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasa

toolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticular

circumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.

3

Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustrated

whathascometobeknownasthe"wisdomofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationhe

conductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescould

bequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthe

same.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughofthese

errorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.If

peoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.In

moretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Iffor

whateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewill

godown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassic

phenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmaller

groupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccurate

thanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtained

fromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethanthe

averageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseof

whatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemost

confidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?This

happenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroups

reportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.Somehow,theseargumentsand

reasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashave

limitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionand

decision-makingareenormous.

12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

13.Navajas9studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

4

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas5studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.

Approving.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12?5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為

多余選項(xiàng)。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.To

err（才［J錯(cuò)）ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading"'Personalstrengths.17Areyou

caring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon'thavetobe

world-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.,,Onthisone,listallthepositive

thingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,

whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhad

atiringday.18

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19Thatway,you

couldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythat

shinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis-ifsagreatwaytoboost

self-confidenceatanytime.

It'ssomethingofacliche（陳詞濫調(diào)）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheir

mistakes.Thethingisit'strue.20We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeand

mistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.

C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.

D.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.

EItdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhafshappenedorforgetit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.

第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白

5

處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.Melanie

Baileyshouldhave21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22camebecauseshe

wascarryinga23acrossthefinishline.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher

24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She25tohelpherfellow

runner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith26.

Shecouldn't.Baileythen27toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedheralltheway

tothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28attention.

Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshe

hadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30to

makeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey'shelp.

AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig32.

“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn,t33her,“Baileytoldthereporter.feellikeIwasjust

doingtherightthing.^^

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe34、they'vesincebecome

friends.Neitherwontherace,butthe35ofhumankindnesswontheday.

21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished

22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse

23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.

competitor

24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training

25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.

promised

26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice

27.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bent

down

28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal

29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.

appreciated

30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.

tiredness

31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.

discouraged

32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal

33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.

understand

34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show

6

35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.

exchange

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題L5分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,

encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinese

streetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecide

whether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),

38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.

Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswill

actuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao'sbirthplace.There

youwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed

40handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,

allowingthem41(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspilling

anyof42(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetness

andthesouphot,clearanddelicious.

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,

soIamalwaysleft45(want)morenexttime.

第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié)(滿分15分)

46.假定你是李華，外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習(xí)口語，你

認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括；

1.說明問題；

2.提出建議。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右：

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearRyan,

I'mLiHuafi-omClass3.

Yourssincerely,

7

LiHua

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest.I

saidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,soEnglishwasonly

mysecondlanguage.Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedmeto

presentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.No

onelaughedharderthanhedid.

So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:

“BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou'rewillingtoapplyyourself,Ithinkyouhaveagoodshotat

this.^^Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.

IchosePaulReveredhorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith（專艮匠）inBostonwho

rodeahorseatnightonApril18,1775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswere

coming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse5smouth.Notabrilliantidea,butfunny;and

unlikelytobeanyoneelse'schoice.

Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhegettired?Havedoubts?Didhe

wanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.But,like

Reveredhorse,Ikeptgoing.Iworkedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedmyoldersistertocorrect

mygrammar.IcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromthelibrary.Ievenreadafewof

them.

WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,andsaid,"Great.Now,

writeitagain."Iwroteitagain,andagainandagain.WhenIfinallyfinishedit,thethoughtof

winninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn'twin,Iwouldn'tcare.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecamethenews.

Iwenttomyteacher5sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.

答案解析

第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

A【答案】l.B2.C3.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進(jìn)行自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟?/p>

作方式，價(jià)格等細(xì)節(jié)。

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasic

bikeswithfootbrake（剎車），bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排擋），bikeswithchildseats,and

children'sbikes.（我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶

排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車）”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它提供許

多類型的自行車。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價(jià)表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增

加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選

Co

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一■段"ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,

startingat1:00pmeveryday.（旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始）”可知，導(dǎo)

游城市之旅從大壩廣場(chǎng)開始。故選D。

B【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生

態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。

[4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhis

house,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter

flowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstarted

towonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約翰?托德

還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一

條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開始思考

這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂）”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,

medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Why

cancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活

中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）”可知，約翰聰穎

10

好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污

泥加了進(jìn)去）”以及倒數(shù)第三段"Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthe

eco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,and

allthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，

開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水）”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里

是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopeda

greenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.He

alsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來，

約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶

家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水）”可推知，作

者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B?

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafs

happening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把生物體放

在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式）”可知，約

翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。

C【答案】8.B9,A10.C11,A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)

字生活方式。

8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,

includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadopt

thisphilosophyifyoudecideifsrightforyou.（這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包括詳

細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué)）”可知，

這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。

【9題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文"Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonline

activitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberof

carefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyou

11

value.（這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上一些

你認(rèn)為會(huì)給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動(dòng)）”可推知，畫線詞

“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingout

yourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,TildrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600

peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己

的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600

多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。

故選Co

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段"Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyour

effortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.（你可以將這些

實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式）”可推

知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選A。

D【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在

某些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容”Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,

thoseeiTorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometo

underestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,

resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,then

theirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedor

dependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（這種效應(yīng)禾!］用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人

們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足

夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向

于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人

們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下

降）”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互

抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)

測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。

12

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople飛

estimatesbeindependent（從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的）”和

第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmaller

groupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccurate

thanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtained

fromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethanthe

averageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃

分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例

如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)

確）”可知，人們?cè)跊]有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估

計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearchers

triedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytend

togowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochange

theirminds?（在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在

討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估計(jì)最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最

不愿意改變主意的人嗎）”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論

中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過程。故選C。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Althoug