基坑開挖支護(hù)方案設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文

畢業(yè)論文專用紙致謝本論文的完成離不開我的指導(dǎo)老師劉鵬教授以及他的悉心指導(dǎo)，從論文選題、方向的確立到論文的撰寫、修改和定稿，都得到了劉老師的悉心指導(dǎo)和幫助，和劉老師接觸的幾年里，劉老師在生活學(xué)習(xí)各個(gè)方面都給了我們很大的幫助，他既是我們的良師又是我們的益友，和他在一塊不僅學(xué)到了許多專業(yè)知識(shí)，而且學(xué)到了許多課本以外的東西和許多為人處事的方法，這些都將讓我終身受益非淺。此外，一并感謝在我做論文當(dāng)中給了我許多幫助的同學(xué)和長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直關(guān)心和支持我的同學(xué)。大家的支持和鼓勵(lì)將是我奮斗的動(dòng)力。附錄2外文資料的中文翻譯基坑支護(hù)相關(guān)技術(shù)FoundationPitSupportingTechnology

1.invertedsiphonandcrossthewatertank:whenwaterneedacrosstheroadbed,limitedtothedesignelevationatthesametime,canuseapipeorgroove,fromthebottomofthesubgradeorupperoverheadcrossing,theformerinvertedsiphon,thelatterforcrossingthesink,equivalentofculvertandcrossthewaterbridgerespectively,bothbelongtothespecialstructureofsubgradesurfacedrainage,andmostlyneededforirrigationandwaterconservancyanduse.

2.evaporationpool:dryclimate,drainagedifficultlocation,availablealongtheborrowpitorspecificallysetthesurfacewaterevaporationpoolisruledout.3.undergrounddrainagefacilities

Perchedwaterinembankmentandslopesoil,buriedshallowdivingknownasgroundwater,groundwateraffecttheroadbedstrengthandslopestability,shouldbesetwelldrainage,sewerandinspectionfacilitiessuchasgroundwater.

Commonsubgradeundergrounddrainagefacilitiesare:blindditch,sewerandwaterseepagetunnelandpits,itscharacteristicislittledisplacement,mainlycollectedwaterseepageway,andcametotheexclusionofroadbedscope.Forlargerflowofgroundwater,shouldsetupspecialundergroundpipelineisruledout.

Buriedundertheground,duetotheundergrounddrainageequipmentisnoteasytorepair,afterthecompletionofsubgradeandhardtofindoutthefailuresituation,thereforerequirestrongeffectiveundergrounddrainageequipment.

4.drainage:relativetothegroundopenditchdrainage,drainageisalsocalledtheblindditch,hasthemeaningofconcealedwork.Duetoaditchfilledwithparticlesofdifferentsizematerials,useoffillermaterialpermeabilitywillconvergeinaditchofgroundwater,andalongtheditchdrainagetothedesignatedplace.

5.sewer:adoptingtheinfiltratorswillconvergeinaditchofgroundwater,andthroughthebottomchannelwhichterminatestotheirappointedplaces.Itsroleistoreduceorinterceptgroundwater,thehydrauliccharacteristicsisturbulent.

6.pits:thepitsofhorizontalundergrounddrainageequipment,underthelocalexistenceofmultilayeraquifer,whichaffecttheroadbedwiththinupperaquifer,displacement,andflushthesewerishardtodecorate,theverticaldrainage,setupthepits,throughtheimpermeablelayer,theroadbed,withinthescopeoftheuppergroundwaterisdeeperaquifers,inordertoreducegroundwateroralloftheupperexcluded.

7.overview

Subgradeslopesurfaceprotectionmainlysolvetheroadbedconstruction,bareroadbedstabilityofslopeandslopesurface.Easytoerosionofsoilslopesandeasilyweatheredrockcuttingslope,afterconstructionifexposedforalongtime,inthenaturalweatheringundertheactionofstressandrainerosion,gully,slipwillhappencollapsecollapseandfalling,peeling,suchasslopedeformation.Atthesametime,flakeorerosiondebrisoftenblockedsideditch,poordrainage,therefore,musttakethecorrespondingprotectivemeasuresasearlyaspossible,otherwisewillcauseseriousdiseases.designprinciples

1)easytoweatheringorvulnerabletotherainswashedoutofrockandsoilslopeandseverebrokenrockslope,shallbeprotectedinatimelymanner.

2)andsofthardrockcuttingslope,shouldbeusedaccordingtothestrataconditionsallprotectionorlocalprotection.inrainyareas,withsandsoilfillingembankment,theshoulderandsideslopesurfaceisvulnerabletowatererosionandslopeprotectionwillbeaccordingtothespecificsituation.

4)slopeprotectionstructureisgenerallynotconsideredslopeorartificialfilledsoilatthebottomofthelateralpressure,theprotectionofthestabilityoftheslopeshouldbeenough,butthewallcanbeusedtolimitthestabilityoftheslope.commonlyusedslopesurfaceprotectiontypes

A,plantprotection

Plantprotectionisakindofsimpleconstruction,lowcostandgoodeffectisslopeprotectionmeasures.Plantcancovertopsoil,preventtherainswashedout;Adjustsoilmoisture,preventcracks;Theconsolidationofsoil,preventtheslopesurfaceweatheringflake,atthesametimealsocanrisetoprotecttheenvironment,beautifytheroleofroadcapacity.Inordertoensuretheslopestabilityandextendthelifespanoftheplantprotection,generalappropriateincuttingslopefootset1~2mhighplasmabuildbylayingbricksorstonesflakyslopeprotection.

Second,plaster(a)applicableconditions

(1).Withoutaseriousofeasyweatheringofrockslope,butpoorlybythecoalmeasuresstrataandthediagenesisofredstickyclayrockslopeisnotapplicable.

(2).Theslopeisnotrestricted,butshouldslopesurfaceisrelativelydry.

(3).Usefixednumberofyearisshorter,thegeneralis8~10years.9.constructionpointsforattention

(1).Thefrontshouldbetheslopesurfaceofweatheringrockflushwithcleanwithcleanwatertorinsetheslope;Applicationlargeconcaveslopepulpbuildbylayingbricksorstonesflakyinlaying,widefissuregrouting.

(2).Usinglimeplasterslagpulp,afterthemortarwipeonabitdrynamelytoram,untilpulpoutsurface,thenwipeflatcoatedwithhardener.

(3).Theplasterisunfavorableinwinterseason,rainandsunshinestronglyduringconstruction,thesuitabletemperaturefor4°~30℃,andpayattentiontocovergrasswaterkeepingingoodhealth.Three,shotcreteandshotcrete(a)10.applicableconditions

(1).Easybutnotseriousweatheringofrockslope,theslopesurfaceisrelativelydry.

(2).Ofhighandsteepslope,thebrokenupperstrataandcompletethelowerstrataandneedlargeareaprotectionslope,slopeusingthistypeismoreeconomic.

(3).Thedifferenceofdiagenesisclayrockslopeisunfavorableuse.11.constructionpointsforattention

(1).Theshotcreteandshotcreteaggradationrubbleslopeshouldbeclearedbeforeandwashit.

(2).Mechanicalinjectionshouldbedonebeforeoperationtotryspraying,moderatetoadjustthewatercementratio,theinjectionofgraybodypaste,smoothsurface,theaggregatedistributionuniform,lessamountofspringback.

(3).Thesprayingoperationshouldbebottom-uphierarchical.Graybodyachieveinitialsetimmediatelyafterthewaterkeepingingoodhealth,last7~10days.Itisstrictlyprohibitedinfrozenseasonortherainsprayingoperations.Four,plasmabuildbylayingbricksorstonesflakyrevetment(a)applicableconditions

（4）Variouseasyweatheringofrockslopeandsoilslopes.If,whenusedonembankmentslopeshouldbeheavyfactaftertheconstructionofembankment.

（5）Theslopeisnotgreaterthan1to1.

Plasmabuildbylayingbricksorstones,flakyslopeprotectiongenerallyUSESsuchascrosssection,dependingontheheightofslope,thethicknessofgeneralis0.3~0.4m.Whentheslopeprotectionareaislarger,andtheslopeissteep,inordertoenhancethestabilityofslopeprotection,canusethetypeofslopeprotection.

1:倒虹吸與渡水槽：當(dāng)水流需要橫跨路基，同時(shí)受到設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高的限制，可以采用管道或溝槽，從路基底部或上部架空跨越，前者稱倒虹吸，后者為渡水槽，分別相當(dāng)于涵洞和渡水橋，兩者屬于路基地面排水的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)物，并且多半是配合農(nóng)田水利所需而采用。

2:蒸發(fā)池：氣候干旱、排水困難地段，可利用沿線的集中取土坑或?qū)ｉT設(shè)置蒸發(fā)池排除地表水。3.地下排水設(shè)備

路基及邊坡土體中的上層滯水，活埋藏很淺的潛水稱為地下水，當(dāng)?shù)叵滤绊懧坊访鎻?qiáng)度或邊坡穩(wěn)定時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)置暗溝、滲溝和檢查井等地下水設(shè)施。

常用的路基地下排水設(shè)備有：盲溝、滲溝、滲水隧洞和滲井等，其特點(diǎn)是排水量不大，主要是以滲流方式匯集水流，并就近排除路基范圍以外。對(duì)于流量較大的地下水，應(yīng)設(shè)置專用地下管道予以排除。

由于地下排水設(shè)備埋置地面以下，不易維修，在路基建成后又難以查明失效情況，因此要求地下排水設(shè)備牢固有效。

4：暗溝：相對(duì)于地面排水的明溝而言，暗溝又稱盲溝，具有隱蔽工程的含義。由于溝內(nèi)填以大小不同的顆粒材料，利用滲水材料透水性將地下水匯集于溝內(nèi)，并沿溝排泄至指定地點(diǎn)。

5：滲溝：采用滲透方式將地下水匯集于溝內(nèi)，并通過(guò)溝底通道將水排至指定地點(diǎn)。它的作用是降低地下水或攔截地下水，其水力特性是紊流。

6：滲井：滲井屬于水平方向的地下排水設(shè)備，當(dāng)?shù)叵麓嬖诙鄬雍畬?，其中影響路基的上部含水層較薄，排水量不大，且平式滲溝難以布置，采用立式排水，設(shè)置滲井，穿過(guò)不透水層，將路基范圍內(nèi)的上層地下水，引人更深的含水層中去，以降低上層的地下水或全部予以排除。

7：路基坡面防護(hù)

概述

路基坡面防護(hù)主要是解決路基修筑以后，裸露的路基邊坡及坡面的穩(wěn)定問(wèn)題。易于沖蝕的土質(zhì)邊坡和易于風(fēng)化的巖石路塹邊坡，施工后如果長(zhǎng)期裸露，在自然風(fēng)化應(yīng)力和雨水沖刷的作用下，將會(huì)發(fā)生沖溝、溜塌、剝落、掉塊和坍塌等坡面變形。同時(shí)，剝落或沖蝕的碎屑物往往堵塞側(cè)溝，使排水不暢，故必須及早采取相應(yīng)的防護(hù)措施，否則將造成嚴(yán)重病害。10.2設(shè)計(jì)原則

（1）凡容易風(fēng)化的或易受雨水沖刷的巖石和土質(zhì)邊坡及嚴(yán)重破碎的巖石邊坡，均應(yīng)及時(shí)加以防護(hù)。

（2）軟硬巖層相間的路塹邊坡，應(yīng)根據(jù)巖層情況采用全部防護(hù)或局部防護(hù)。3）在多雨地區(qū)，用砂類土填筑的路堤，其路肩和邊坡坡面易受雨水沖刷流失，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況將坡面防護(hù)。

（4）坡面防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)一般不考慮邊坡底層或人工填土的側(cè)壓力，