The-Adventures-of-Tom-Sawyer-湯姆索亞歷險記

TheAdventuresofTomSawyerAboutTheAuthorHeisoneoftheAmerican’s

greatest

writers,journalists

and

humorists.HeisalsothefounderofUScriticalrealismliterature,renownedworldshortstorymaster.Thegreatesthumoristofthe19thcenturyinAmericanliterature.

MarkTwain

(1835—1910)

Mostfamousnovels:TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)(湯姆·索亞歷險記〕TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1894)〔哈克貝利·費恩歷險記〕Hiswritingstyle:acombinationofcolloquiallanguagesatirelocalcoloron

the

base

of

western

traditional

humor,Mark

Twain

uses

many

hyperbole

and

extremity

exaggerate

imagination

to

make

the

stories

more

humorous

and

more

ironic.

I.MarkTwain’sLifeCareerMarkTwainwasthepennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835-1910).HewasAmerica’smostfamoushumoristandtheauthorofpopularandoutstandingautobiographicalworks,travelbooksandnovels.A.Boyhood

HewasborninthesmallvillageofFlorida,MissourionNov.30,1835.AsFather’sbusinessfailed,thefamilyhadtomovetoHannibalwhenSamuelwas4,wherehespenthisboyhood,enchantedbytheromanceandawedbytheviolenceofriverlifeandalsothehumanflotsamwashedupbytheriver.B.EarlylifeSamhadrelativelylittleschooling.Afterhisfather’sdeath,hehadtohelpthefamilybytakingupoddjobs.Heleftschoolat13andbecameafull-timeapprenticetoaprinter.At18,hebecameatrampprinter.

C.ExperiencesontheMississippiRiver

OnhiswaydowntheMississippi,heranoutoffundsandwaspersuadedbyasteamboatpilottobecomehisapprenticeuntiltheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861andtrafficalongtheMississippiwascurtailed.

Hefoundhislifeduringthisperiodbothinstructiveandinteresting.Laterhewastosay,“Igotpersonallyandfamiliarlyacquaintedwithaboutallthedifferenttypesofhumannature……”D.JourneyWestandthebirthof

“MarkTwain”TherewererumorsaboutfortunestobemadeinNevadaandCalifornia.Hetriedprospecting,mining,speculating,butfailed.ItwasinVirginiaCityonFebruary3,1863,that“MarkTwain”wasbornwhenClemens,then27,signedahumoroustravelaccountwiththatpseudonym.In1865,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty

《卡城名蛙》

waspublishedandbecameanimmediatesuccess.E.MarriageandchildrenIn1867,alocalnewspaperfundedatriptotheMediterranean.DuringhistourofEuropeandtheMiddleEast,hewroteapopularcollectionoftravelletters,whichwerelatercompiledasTheInnocentsAbroadin1869.Itwasonthistripthathemethisfuturebrother-in-law,CharlesLangdon.CharlesLangdonshowedapictureofhissister,Olivia,toTwain;Twainclaimedtohavefalleninloveatfirstsight.Thetwometin1868,wereengagedayearlater,andmarriedinFebruary1870inElmira,NewYork.ThecouplelivedinBuffalo,NewYorkfrom1869to1871.TwainownedastakeintheBuffaloExpressnewspaper,andworkedasaneditorandwriter.TheirsonLangdondiedofdiphtheria(白喉)at19months.In1871,TwainmovedhisfamilytoHartford,Connecticut，whereOliviagavebirthtothreedaughters:Susy,ClaraandJean.Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.F.Hismostproductiveyears

DuringhisseventeenyearsinHartford(1874–1891),Twainwrotemanyofhisbest-knownworks:TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),ThePrinceandthePauper(1881),LifeontheMississippi(1883),AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),andAConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889).G.Financialdifficulties

andpersonalmisfortunesHeinvestedlargelyonhisownprintingshopandbecamebankrupt.Heavilyindebt,hemadealecturingtourabroadandsucceededinpayingallhisdebts,butruinedhisownhealth.Inthisperiodoccurredthedeathsofhisson,daughtersandwife.H.Lastyears

Hedictatedhisautobiography.Hediedin1910.SomeofhisothermajorworksareThePrinceandthePauperandThe1,000,000Bank-Note.AboutThebackground

Inthemid-19thcentury,thesouthernpartoftheUnitedStatesisplantationslavery,thenorthernpartisbourgeoisemployerlaborsystem,thecontradictionsbetweenthesetwokindsofsystemscausedthepoliticalandeconomicoppositions,andconcentratedontheissueaboutsupportingandagainesttheslaverysystem,andthiscausedthecivilwar.Thenovelsatirizesthefoolishreligionandcondemnedthesinofslaverybydescribingwhitekidswithafugitiveslavelivedinavagabond'slifeinthemississippiriver,andpropagandizestheideathateveryoneenjoystherightsoffreedomregardlessofrace.Beinggenerallyregardedasaboy’sstory,thebookisallaboutTomandhisgang.WhilespendingasummerwithAuntPollyinadrowsyMississippiRivertown,TomandhisbuddiesHuckandJoetakeaseriesofadventurethere.TheywitnessahorriblemurdercommittedbyInjunJoe.Finally,TomreturnstoschoolandbecomeaheroatthetrialofMuffPotterwhenherevealsInjunJoe’sguilt.WhenInjundies,histreasureisdividedbetweenTomandHuck,whoisnowadoptedbyWidowDouglas.TwainhadmadeTomtheheroofAmericanboyhood,andthebookhadbecometheclassicreadinschools.Bytellingthisstory,Twainfulfilshisandotheradult’sdreamsofidealboyhood.Allthecrueltiesandfears,wondersandjoysofchildhoodarebroughtintovividness.

Summary

AnalysisofMajorCharacters

Thenovel’smaincharacterTomisamischievousboywithagreatimaginationwhospendsmostofthetimegettinghimintrouble.Tomhasakindheartandrespectsotherpeople’sfeelings.Hebecomesmoreandmorematureasthestoryprogresses.TomSawyer

HuckisTom’sbestfriendandfellowadventurer.Abandonedbyhisdrunkenfather,helivesonhisownandbyhisownrules.Huckisverylaidbackandindependent.Mostadultsdisapproveofhimandotherchildrenenvyhimforhisfreedom.PollyisTom’sauntandguardian.AuntPollyisaniceladybutshecanbemeanandstrictattimes.Overall,AuntPollyjustwantstobelovedbythemostimportantpeopleSidandTominherlifeatthemoment.HuckleberryFinnandAuntPollyTomSawyerBeckyThatcherHuckleberryFinnInjunJoe(starvesto

death)MuffPotter(iswrongfullyarrested)PirateAuntPollywitnessfriendfriendJoeHarper

BF5.cave3426TheWidowDouglasadoptsSidMaryAmyLauren

momcousinhalfbrother

PreBFRelationshipAnalysisofthisnovelfromchildren’sperspective1.Children'sNa?vetéandInnocenceTomSawyerwhohasthecharacteristicsofchildreningeneral.Confrontedwithanykindofcircumstances,Tomrespondsbymakingagameofit,byrelyingonhisreading,byposingoractingoutapart.2.PlayingTruantHetriestotruantbydeceiving,butfailed.3.Love-affairMarkTwainalsowritesaboutwhatchildrenfeelaboutthoseoftheoppositesex.4.ChildishImitationTomasksBeckyforakissonlybecausethatisritualhehasreadaboutinbookswhenpeoplegetengaged.5.Children'sCuriosityBehavior”WhenMarkTwaincreatesTomSawyerandothercharactersinthestory,hegivesprominencetochildren'scuriosity,attemptingtocapturethegeneralfeelingofyoungreaders.6.TheTendencytoHeroismTomwishestotravelaroundtheworld,tobeasoldier,aplainsman,apirate.Attheendofthestory,afterexperiencingmuchterror,Tom,alongwithHuck,discoversthehiddentreasureinthecavewhichmakesTomarichandimportantpersoninthecommunity.7.Children'sIdyllicOutlookoftheWorldForTwain,TomSawyerisanattempttoidealizeboyhood,toseeinithisdreamofpeaceandinnocencethatcannotendureintheadultworld.

Flexible,Varied,FluidTwaincertainlyhasaflexiblestyle;hecansuithiswordsquiteeasilytothesituation,whetherheisdescribingthethoughtsofTomorexpoundinguponsomeloftysubject.Thatsaid,oneofthemostimpressiveaspectsofhiswritingisthedialogue.Ratherthantrytodescribeit,we'llgiveyouataste.Tom,havingjustbarelysurvivedanencounterwithInjunJoethenightbefore,goestotalkwithHuck:

"Hello,Huck!""Hello,yourself.“[Silence,foraminute.]

"Tom,ifwe'd'a'lefttheblametoolsatthedeadtree,we'd'a'gotthemoney.Oh,ain'titawful!""'Tain'tadream,then,'tain'tadream!SomehowImostwishitwas.Dog‘difIdon't,Huck."(27.4-8)

Twainrenderstherhythmofthespeechbeautifully,usingcontractionsandslangtogivelifetoTomandHuck'sspeech.Smalltouches,likethe"we'd'a'"and"dog'd"goalongwaytowardmakingthemsoundlikerealboys.Eventhatbracketedpausespeaksvolumes.Withoutsuitabledialogue,allofTwain'sobservationsandremarkswouldbelikeacakewithouticing:stilldelicious,butnotquiteright.WritingStyleHumorous,KnowingAlthoughTheAdventuresofTomSawyer

isbynomeansanautobiography,Twainismostdefinitelywritingfromlifeexperience.Hesoundslike…well,afiftyyear-oldmanlookingbackathischildhood,andforminganarrativeoutofhismemories.MemoriesofhisyouthinMissouri,ofchildishbehaviorandjuvenilefantasies;theseareTwain'srawmaterials.Inretrospect,Twaincancoaxthehumoroutofadolescentfoibles,andhisinsightsintothestrangeandsometimesco