GMDSS英語閱讀（4216-0）CHAPTER2 DISTRESS URGENCY SAFETY課件

Chapter2

1Distress,UrgencyandSafetyCommunications22.1DistressFrequenciesGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetySystem(GMDSS)wassetuptoprovideaninternationalcommunicationsnetworktoassistvesselsindistress.Alldistresscommunicationsinthemaritimemobileservicebyradiotelephony,digitalselectivecallingandsatellitewhetherand/ordirectprintingtelegraphy(telex),mustbeconductedstrictlyinaccordancewiththecorrectprocedures.

3WithinGMDSS,anumberoffrequenciesarespecificallyallocatedfordistresscommunicationpurposesdependingonthecommunicationmediumbeingused.Thesefrequenciesshouldbeusedbyships,aircraftorsurvivalcraftwhenseekingassistanceinthemaritimemobileservice.Theyshouldbeusedforthedistresscallanddistresstrafficandforcallsprecededbyeithertheurgencysignalorthesafetysignal.4

Band

DSC

RTTelex

MF

2187.5kHz2182kHz2174.5kHz.HF4MHz

4207.5kHz

4125kHz

4177.5kHz

HF6MHz

6312kHz

6215kHz

6268kHz

HF8MHz

8414.5kHz

8291kHz

8376.5kHz

HF12MHz

12577kHz

12290kHz

12520kHz

HF16MHz

16804.5kHz

16420kHz

16695kHz

VHF

Channel70Channel165DSC,radiotelephoneandtelexdistressandsafetyfrequenciesarelistedbelow.Thefrequency4125kHzmaybeusedbyaircraftengagedinsearchandrescue(SAR)operationsfordistress/safetycommunicationstostationsinthemaritimemobileservice.Theaeronauticalfrequencies3023kHzand5680kHzareusedforintercommunicationpurposesbetweenmobilestationsandtoparticipatinglandstationsduringcoordinatedSARoperations.6Theauxiliaryaeronauticalfrequencyof123.1MHzisusedbytheserviceandbyothermobileandlandstationsengagedincoordinatedSARoperations.

Maritimemobilestationsmaycommunicatewithaeronauticalstationson121.5MHzand243MHzfordistressandurgencypurposesonlyandon123.1MHzforcoordinatedSARoperations.ClassA3Eemissionsareusedonthesefrequencies.GMDSSVHFChannelUsage

Channel6VHFUsedforcommunicationbetweenshipsandaircraftforcoordinatedSARoperations.Mayalsobeusedbyaircrafttocommunicatetoshipsforsafetypurposes.Channel13VHFUsedforshiptoshipcommunicationrelatingtosafetyofnavigation.8DigitalSelectiveCallingRadioChannel16VHFUsedfordistressandsafetytrafficonRT,mayalsobeusedbyaircraftforsafetypurposes.Channel70VHFUsedasaDSCdistressandsafetycallingchannelinthemaritimemobileservice.9SatelliteService

Anumberofbandsareallocatedexclusivelytoparticularservicesinthesatelliteservice;suchbandsmustalsobeprotectedtoavoidharmfulinterference.10BandUse406MHz~406.1MHzEarthtospaceEPIRBtransmissions.1530MHz~1545MHz Maritimemobileservice.Routinecommunicationsandalsofor distressandsafetycommunications(spacetoearth).1112BandUse1626.5MHz—1645.5MHzMaritimemobileservice.1645.5MHz—1646.5MHzDistress/safetycommunications(INMARSATEPIRB)Earthtospace13SurvivalcraftstationsEquipmentforradiotelephonyuseinSurvivalcraftstationsshall,ifcapableofoperatingonanyfrequencyinthebandsbetween156MHzand174MHz,beabletotransmitandreceiveon156.8MHzandatleastoneotherfrequencyinthesebands.Equipmentfortransmittinglocatingsignalsfromsurvivalcraftstationsshallbecapableofoperatinginthe9200-9500MHz(9G)band.14ProtectionofDistressfrequencies

Itisimperativethatdistressandsafetycommunicationsmaintainthebestpossibleintegrityandthedistressandsafetyfrequenciesareprotectedfromharmfulinterference.15Thereforetoprotectdistressintegrityandtopreventharmfulinterference,itisabsolutelyforbiddentobroadcastorcauseharmfulinterferencebyanyemissionsonanyfrequencyespeciallythoseallocatedtodistressworking.16ProtectionofDistressfrequenciesTofurtherprotectdistressandsafetycommunications,allothertransmissionswithinparticularbandsareforbidden,apartfromtransmissionsonspecificfrequencies.Forexampleintheband2173.5kHz~2190.5kHz,transmissionsarepermittedon2182kHz,2174.5kHz,2177kHz,2187.5kHzand2189.5kHz.Allothertransmissionsinthisbandareprohibited.Allemissionsinthefrequencyband156.7625MHz~156.8375MHzareforbiddenwhichmightcauseinterferencetoVHFChannel16(156.8MHz).172.2GeneralOperationalProcedures

ServicesavailablefordistressandsafetycommunicationsareterrestrialradiocommunicationintheMF,HFandVHFbandsandsatellitecommunication.Distressalertsaretransmittedeither:182.3DistressAlerting

Adistressalerttransmissionimpliesthatamobileunit(ship,aircraftorothervehicle)orapersonisindistressorimminentdangerandrequiresimmediateassistance.Adistressalertmaybedefinedas:19Shiptoshoredistressalerts-byINMARSATSES,DSC,EPIRBShiptoshipalerts-towarnothervesselsinthevicinityofthedistressedvessel,-byMF,VHFandHFDSC.ShoretoShipDistressAlertRelay-willbeaddressedtoallships,toselectedshipsortoanindividualship.-usuallybyCESorcoaststation20DistressAlertsDistressAlertbyaStationnotItselfinDistress

Whereastationinthemobileormobilesatelliteservicelearnsanothermobileunitisindistressitmusttransmitadistressalertwhen:(a)

themobileunitindistressisnotinapositiontotransmitthedistressalertitself;or(b)

themasterorpersonresponsibleforthemobilenotindistressorthepersonresponsibleforthelandstationconsidersfurtherhelpisrequired.

21Astationtransmittingadistressalertrelaymustmakeitveryclearthatitisnotitselfindistress.22Thedistressalertmustinclude:Theidentificationofthestationindistressanditsposition.Otherinformationsuchasthenatureofthedistressandtypeofassistancerequiredoranythingelsewhichmayfacilitaterescuemaybeincludedinthealert.23AcknowledgingReceiptofDistressAlertsbyCoastStations,CESsorRCCsCoaststationsoralandearthstations,onreceptionoftheinitialdistressmustforwardthealerttotheappropriateRCCassoonaspossible.ThealertmustbeacknowledgedassoonaspossiblebyacoaststationorRCCviaacoaststationorappropriateLES.24AcknowledgingReceiptofDistressAlertsbyShipStationsorMESsAshiporMESreceivingadistressalertmustinformthemasterorpersonresponsiblefortheshipthecontentsofthealertassoonaspossible.25AcknowledgebyRadiotelephonyAcknowledgementsfromashiporMESmusttakethestandardRTform:?thedistresssignalMAYDAY;?thecallsignorotheridentificationofthestationsendingthedistressmessage,spokenthreetimes;?thewordsTHISIS(orDEspokenasDELTAECHOinthecaseoflanguagedifficulties);?thecallsignorotheridentificationofthestationacknowledgingreceipt,spokenthreetimes;?thewordRECEIVED(orRRRspokenasROMEOROMEOROMEinthecaseoflanguagedifficulties);?thedistresssignalMAYDAY.26Example:MAYDAYTULIPTULIPTULIPTHISISSEASTARSEASTARSEASTARRECEIVEDMAYDAY27AcknowledgebyRadiotelexAcknowledgementsmustbegivenintheform:?thedistresssignalMAYDAY;?thecallsignorotheridentificationofthestationsendingthedistressalert;?thewordDE(meaning"thisis"or"from");?thecallsignorotheridentificationofthestationacknowledgingreceiptofthedistressalert;?thesignalRRR;?thedistresssignalMAYDAY.28Example:MAYDAYTULIPTHISISSEASTARRRRMAYDAY292.4On-sceneCommunicationsThedistresstrafficisdefinedasallmessagesrelatingtotheimmediateassistancerequiredbytheshipindistress.Italsoincludessearchandrescue(SAR)communicationsandon-scenecommunications.Alldistresstrafficshouldtakeplaceasfaraspossibleonthefrequenciessetasideinbandforthispurpose.30On-scenecommunicationsarethosebetweenthemobileunitindistressandassistingmobileunits,andbetweenthemobileunitsandtheunitcoordinatingsearchandrescueoperations.Controlofon-scenecommunicationsistheresponsibilityoftheunitcoordinatingsearchandrescueoperations.Simplexcommunicationsshallbeusedsothatallon-scenemobilestationsmaysharerelevantinformationconcerningthedistressincident.IfTelexisused,itshallbeintheFECmode.31Thepreferredfrequenciesinradiotelephonyforon-scenecommunicationsare156.8MHz(VHF16)and2182kHz.Thefrequency2174.5kHzmayalsobeusedforship-to-shipon-scenecommunicationsusing,NBDPinFECmode.Inadditionto156.8MHzand2182kHz.thefrequencies3023kHz,4125kHz,5680kHz,123.1MHzand156.3MHzmaybeusedforship-to-aircrafton-scenecommunications.32Theselectionordesignationofon-scenefrequenciesistheresponsibilityoftheunitcoordinatingsearchandrescueoperations.Normally,onceanon-scenefrequencyisestablished,acontinuousRTorTELEXwatchismaintainedbyallparticipatingon-scenemobileunitsontheselectedfrequency.332.5ImposingSilence

TheRCCresponsibleforcontrollingSARoperationsalsocoordinatesthedistresstrafficrelatingtotheincident,itmayhoweverappointanotherstationtodothis.ControllingstationsmayimposesilenceonstationswhichinterferewithdistressorSARtraffic;thismaybeaddressedtoallstationsortoanindividualstation.34Shutup!!!(a)inradiotelephony,thesignalSEELONCEMAYDAY,pronouncedasintheFrenchexpression"silence,m'aider";(b)inNBDPtelexnormallyusingFECmodethesignalSILENCEMAYDAY.

35Theprocedureusedis:ResumptionofNormalWorking

Whendistresstraffichasceasedonfrequencieswhichhavebeenusedfordistresstraffic,theRCCorstationcontrollingSARoperationsmustinitiateamessagefortransmissiononthosefrequenciesindicatingthedistresstraffichasfinished.36Onradiotelephonythismessageconsistsof:?

thedistresssignalMAYDAY;?

thecall'Helloallstations'orCQ(spokenasCHARLIEQUEBECspokenthreetimes);?thewordsTHISIS(orDEspokenasDELTAECHOinthecaselanguagedifficulties);?thecallsignorotheridentificationofthestationsendingthemessage;?thetimeofhandinginthemessage;?thenameandcallsignofthemobilestationwhichwasindistress;?thewordsSEELONCEFEENEEpronouncedastheFrenchword"silencefini".37ExampleMAYDAYHELLOALLSTATIONS,ALLSTATIONS,ALLSTATIONSTHISISSEASTARSEASTARSEASTAR,0920NONSUCH/BXXXSEELONCEFEENEE38Whenusingradiotelex,themessageconsistsof:?thedistresssignalMAYDAY;?

thecallCQ;?

thewordDE;?thecallsignorotheridentificationofthestationsendingthemessage;?thetimeofhandinginthemessage;?thenameandcallsignofthemobilestationwhichwasindistress;?thewordsSILENCEFINI.39Example:MAYDAYCQDEBAAA0920NONSUCH/BXXXSILENCEFINI402.6FalseAlertsFalsealertscausedbytheinadvertentofincorrectoperationofGMDSSequipmentcanputasignificantburdenonSearchandRescueCentres.Mostfalsealertsarecausedasaresultofhumanerror.4142CANCELATIONOFFALSEALERTSProcedurestocancelafalsealertfalsealertonVHFDSC1)Turnoffthepower2)turnonthepower,andtuneonVHFchannel163)sendabroadcastof“distresscancellation”toallstations

43Format:AllStations(threetimes)ThisisNAME,CALLSIGN,DSCNUMBER,POSTION.CancelmydistressalertofDATE,TIME(UTC).Master,NAME,CALLSIGN,DSCNUMBER,DATE,TIME(UTC)44falsealertonMFDSC1)Turnoffthepoweroftranceiver2)turnonthepower,andtuneon2182kHz3)sendabroadcastof“distresscancellation”toallstations45falsealertonHFDSC1)Turnoffthepower2)turnonthepowerandtuneonanassociatedchannel,3)sendabroadcastof“distresscancellation”toallstations46FalsealertonINMARSAT-CandEPIRBsSendamassageof“distresscancellation”toappropriatelandstationimmediately472.7URGENCYandSAFETYSERVICES

Urgencyandsafetycommunicationsaredefinedasthoserelatingto:(a)

navigationalandmeteorologicalwarningsandurgentinformation;(b)shiptoshipsafetyofnavigationcommunications;(c)

shipreportingcommunications;(d)

supportcommunicationsforSARoperations;(e)

otherurgencyorsafetymessages;(f)communicationsrelatingtothenavigation,movementsandneedsofshipsandweatherobservationmessagesdestinedforanofficialmeteorologicalservice.48UrgencyCommunicationsTheuseoftheurgencycallformatimpliesthatthestationmakingthecallhasaveryurgentmessagetotransmitconcerningthesafetyofthemobileunitoraperson.TheurgencysignalorurgencycallformatmustonlybesentontheauthorityofthemasterorpersonresponsibleforthemobileunitorbyaCESorCoastStationwithapprovaloftheresponsibleauthority.Theurgencysignalandmessagemustbetransmittedononeormoreoftheauthoriseddistressandsafetyfrequenciesorthemaritimemobilesatelliteservice.49TheurgencysignalconsistsofthewordsPANPAN,eachwordbeingpronouncedasintheFrenchword"panne",Inradiotelephonytheurgencymessagemustbeprecededbytheurgencysignalrepeatedthreetimestogetherwiththeidentificationofthetransmittingstation.50Example:PANPAN,PANPAN,PANPANALLSTATIONS,ALLSTATIONS,ALLSTATIONSTHISISSEASTARSEASTARSEASTAR51InNBDP(telex)theurgencymessagemustbeprecededbytheurgencysignalandtheidentificationofthetransmittingstation.UrgencycommunicationusingNBDPtelexshouldbeestablishedinthebroadcastFECmode.

Example:PANPANDEBACD52Whenanurgencymessagerequestingactionhasbeentransmitted,thetransmittingstationmustcancelthismessageassoonasitknowsthattheactionisnolongerrequired.53SafetyCommunications

Thesafetycallformatimpliesthatthestationmakingthecallhasanimportantnavigationalormeteorologicalwarningtotransmit.IntheterrestrialservicetheannouncementofthesafetymessagemustbemadeononeormoreoftheauthoriseddistressandcallingfrequenciesusingDSC.Ifthemaritimemobilesatelliteserviceistobeused,aseparatesafetyannouncementisnotrequired.54ThesafetysignalconsistsoftheSECURITEpronounced(SAY-CUREE-TAY)asinFrench.Inradiotelephony,theSAFETYmessagemustbeprecededbytheSAFETYsignalrepeatedthreetimestogetherwiththeidentificati