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PPTforAIDSprevention目錄CONTENTSWhatisAIDSPreventionofAIDSSocialimpactofAIDSStatusquoandchallengesofglobalAIDSpreventionandcontrolThePowerofPersonalAction01WhatisAIDSCHAPTERItisaconditioncausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)HIVattackstheimmunesystem,makingthebodyvulnerabletovariousinfectionsanddiseasesAIDSstandsforAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndromeDefinitionofAIDSHIVistransmittedthroughsexualcontactwithaninfectedpersonItcanalsobetransmittedthroughcontactwithaffectedbloodorbodyfluids,suchasduringneededsharingorunsafemedicalproceduresMothertochildtransmissioncanoccurduringpregnancy,delivery,orbreakfeedingThemodeoftransmissionofAIDS
SymptomsandeffectsofAIDSAIDSisaprogressiveconditionthatcanleadtosevereimmunodeficiencyCommonsymptomsincludefever,fatigue,weightloss,andswellingglandsAstheimmunesystemweakens,peoplewithAIDSmaydeveloplifethreadingopportunisticinfectionsorcancer02PreventionofAIDSCHAPTERUseCondomscorrectlyandconsistentlyCondomsareeffectiveinpreventingthetransmissionofHIVandothersexuallytransmittedinfections(STIs)CorrectandconsistentuseofpremisesisessentialforreducingtheriskofinfectionLimitthenumberofsexualpartnersHavingmultiplesexualpartnersincreasestheriskofexposuretoHIVandotherSTIsLimitingthenumberofindividualpartnerscanhelpreducetheriskofinfectionAverageanalsexAnanalsexisahighriskbehaviorforHIVtransmission,andshouldbeavoidedtoreducetheriskofinfectionSafesexualbehaviorIllegaldrinksareoftencontainedwithHIVinfectedbloodorotherbodilyfluidsThesharingofdruginjectionequipmentandotherdrugparaphernaliacanleadtothetransmissionofHIVAvoidingtheuseofillegaldrugscanhelpreducetheriskofHIVinfectionAvoidingtheuseofillegaldrugsHIVtestingisessentialforearlydetectionandtreatmentofHIVinfectionItisrecommendedthatindividualsathighriskforHIVexposurereceiveregulartestingEarlydetectionandtreatmentcanhelpreducetheriskoftransmissionandimprovethediagnosisforindividualslivingwithHIVReceiveAIDStestingandtreatmentAIDSpreventioneducationisessentialforpromotingawarenessandreducingstigmaassociatedwithHIV/AIDSItcanhelpindividualsunderstandtherisks,transmissionroutes,andmethodsofprevention,aswellasresourcepositiveattributestowardsthoselivingwithHIV/AIDSPublicityeffortscanalsoraiseawarenessandresourceindividualstotakeresponsibilityfortheirownhealthandwellbeingTheimportanceofeducationandpublicity03SocialimpactofAIDSCHAPTERPhysicalhealth01HIV/AIDScanleadtoseriousphysicalhealthproblems,includingopportunisticinfectionsandcancerMentalhealth02HIV/AIDScanalsohaveaprospectiveimpactonmentalhealth,leadingtodepression,anxiety,andotherpsychologicalissuesFamilyrelationships03ThediagnosisofHIV/AIDScanstrainfamilyrelationships,asthesigmaandigmaassociatedwiththediseasecancausetensionandconflictTheimpactonindividualsandfamiliesThetreatmentofHIV/AIDSplacesasignificantborderonhealthcaresystems,leadingtoincreasedcostsforindividualsandgovernmentsHealthcarecostsAsthediseaseprogresses,manypeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDScometooilltowork,leadingtoalossofvaluablehumancapitalLossofworkThesigmaassociatedwithHIV/AIDScanleadtodiscriminationineducation,employment,andotheraspectsofsocietySocialsigmaImpactonsocietyandeconomyDiscriminationinhealthcareSomepeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSreportexportingdiscriminationinhealthcaresettings,suchasbeingdeniedservicesorbeingtreateddifferentlyduetotheirstatusStigmaintheworkplaceManypeoplefeellostintheirjobsorfakingdiscriminationintheworkplaceduetotheirHIVstatusPrejudgmentincommunitiesNegativeattributesandprejudgmentstowardspeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSarestillcommoninsomecommunities,leadingtosocialisolationandexclusionIssuesofdiscriminationandprejudgment04StatusquoandchallengesofglobalAIDSpreventionandcontrolCHAPTERIncreaseinawarenessandeducationGlobaleffortshaveledtoanincreaseinpublicawarenessaboutAIDSandthemeansofpreventionSchoolcurriculumhasbeenupdatedtoincludesexualeducation,andpublicinformationcampaignshavebeenlaunchedtoeducatethemassesImprovedaccesstotestingandtreatmentMorepeoplenowhaveaccesstoHIVtesting,withrapidtestingkitsavailableinmanycountriesAntiviraltherapyhasalsobecomemorewidelyavailable,reducingtheimpactofthediseaseReducedsigmaanddiscriminationTherehasbeenaconsideredefforttoreducethesigmaassociatedwithHIV/AIDS,leadingtolessdiscriminationagainstthoseaffectedProgressandachievementsinglobalAIDSpreventionandcontrolLimitedresourcesManycountriesstilllagthefinancialresourcestoprovideequalprevention,treatment,andcareservicesforthoseaffectedbyHIV/AIDSSuboptimalcoverageofpreventionprogramsWhileawarenesshasincreased,notallpopulationgroupshaveequalaccesstopreventionmethodslikeconventions,cleanneeds,andeducationDrugresistanceSomeHIVstrainsarebecomingresistanttoantiviraldrugs,posingachallengetotreatmenteffectivenessChallengesandproblemsinthefitagainstAIDSCountieswithsuccessfulpreventionprogramscansharetheirexperienceswithothers,enablingamoreeffectiveglobalresponseInternationalcollaborationscanpoolresourcesforfundingprevention,treatment,andcareprogramsJointresearcheffortscanacceleratethedevelopmentofnewbugsandtechnologiesThefitagainstAIDSisaglobalchallengethatrequiresaunitedfrontInternationalcooperationpartnersasenseofstabilityandcollectiveresponsibilityinthefaceofacommonenergySharingofbestpracticesJointfundingandresearchGlobalstabilityTheimportanceofinternationalcooperationandsupport05ThePowerofPersonalActionCHAPTER010203IndividualresponsibilityEachpersonhasaroletoplayinpreventingthespreadofAIDSThisincludesbeingawareofone'sownsexualhealth,usingconditionscorrectly,andseekingtestingandtreatmentpromptlyEducationandawarenessPeopleshouldbewellinformedabouttherisksandmethodsofprevention,includingthecorrectuseofconventions,theimportanceofmonogamy,andthedangersofdruguseandneedsharingRespectforothersWeshouldrespecttherightsandchoicesofothers,avoidstigmatizingordiscriminatingagainstpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS,andprovidethemwithnecessarycareandsupportTheroleofindividualsinthepreventionofAIDSSupportingHIV/AIDSorganizationsWecanaffordmoneyortimetosupportHIV/AIDSorganizationsthatprovidetesting,treatment,andcareservicestothoseinneedPromotepositivesocialconditionsWecanpromotepositivesocialconditionswithHIV/AIDSbyspeakingoutagainststiffnessanddiscrimination,andbysupportingpoliciesthatprotecttherightsofpeopleliving
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