新視野英語教程（第四版）讀寫教程3 課件 Unit 4 Customs

新視野英語教程讀寫教程3第四版CONTENTSAroundtheTopic?ReadingThrough?BasicWritingSkills?ReadingMore?PracticalWriting?ChineseWisdom?CustomsUnit4Everycultureandgrouphasitsownsetofcustomsorwaysofbehaving.Differentsocietiesfollowdifferentcustomswithrespecttomultiplethingslikeclothing,festivalsandfoodhabits.Asoneoftheworld’smostancientcivilizations,Chinahasmanyuniquecustomsbasedondifferentgeographicalareasandethnicgroups.Itisthesecustomsthatmakeourcivilizationuniquelyfascinating.Namesareusuallyattachedtoexpectations.Whatdoesyournamemean?Workinpairsandaskeachotherthefollowingquestionswhilechecking(?)theanswersandprovidingyourownintheblanks.Whatdoesyournamereflect?1MynameMypartner’sname□reflectsparents’expectations□□showsfamilyvalues□□offersguidance

□□sayssomethingaboutthevaluesofChineseculture□What

can

a

good

name

mean?2TomeitmeansTomypartneritmeans□myparents’hopesforme□□agoaltoaspireto

□□goodluckandhealth□?alonglifespan?Namesareusuallyattachedtoexpectations.Whatdoesyournamemean?Workinpairsandaskeachotherthefollowingquestionswhilechecking(?)theanswersandprovidingyourownintheblanks.Watchthefilmclipsanddiscussthefollowingquestions:1)Whatisthebaby’sname?2)Didthebabyhaveamiddlenameormiddleinitial?3)

Whatnamingcustomsdoyouknow?Summaryoftheclipsandreferencefordiscussion:Inthisclip,themother(Ellen),daughter(Susan)andgrandfatheraretalkingaboutthenewbabyintheStewartfamily.Thebabyisthegrandfather’sfirstgreat-grandson.Hehasasweet-soundingname－Max,withnomiddlenameormiddleinitial.Grandpadoesn’thaveamiddlenameormiddleinitialeither,andhisnameisMalcolmStewart.MaxStewarthasthesameinitial(M.S.)withGrandpa.AnEnglishnameusuallycomprisesthreeparts:thegivenname,themiddle,andthefamilyname,forexample,WilliamJeffersonClinton.Somepeopledon’thavemiddlename,justasMaxandGrandpa.Namingcustomisapartofculture,anditvariesfromcountrytocountry.Naming

CustomsWarming-upWhatdoesyournamereflect?itreflectsparents’expectationsitshowsfamily’svaluesitoffersguidanceitsayssomethingaboutthevaluesofChinesecultureWhatcanagoodnamemean?thehopeplacedbyparentstheoutlineforstrivingaimgoodluckandhealthalonglifespanTextANamingCustomsCulturesandfamilieshavedifferent

namingcustoms.

Manypeoplebelieveasuitablenamecanserveasanoutlineforachild’sfuture,

helpingdetermineifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorapianoplayer,alawyerorascholar.命名習俗不同的文化和家庭有不同的命名習俗。很多人相信一個好名字能夠大致勾勒出一個孩子的前程，有助于影響這個孩子將來是成為一位有名的畫家還是出色的鋼琴演奏家，是做律師還是做學者。TextA

InsomeAsiancountries,parentsgotoa

namefortune-tellertogetanamethatwillbringgoodlucktoachild.Forexample,itisoftenconsideredbadlucktogiveagirlaverystrongname.Peoplethinkthiswillbringherunhappinessinlifeandthatgirlsshouldhavenamesthataresoft,attractive,andbeautiful.Thisiswhy,inJapan,girls’namesoftenendin“-ko,”whichmeans“child.”

Chinesegirlsareoftengivennamesthatmean“jade,”“snow,”

or“flowers.”

Inthesameway,boysoftenhavenamesthatarestrongandpowerful,suggestingsuccessandwealth.

InChina,boysaregivennameslike“brilliant”or“upright,”inthehopethat

theywillbecomethecreamofthecropwhentheygrowup.在一些亞洲國家，父母們會到給人取名字的算命先生那里去求一個能夠給孩子帶來好運的名字。比如，人們通常認為給女孩取一個強硬的名字會給她的生活帶來不幸，認為女孩應該取柔和、吸引人、甜美的名字。這就是為什么在日本女孩的名字通常以意為“孩子”的ko結(jié)尾。中國女孩常取帶有“玉”、“雪”或“花”之意的名字。同樣，男孩的名字常蘊含“強壯”或“有力”之意，暗示成功和財富。在中國，男孩常取“亮”或“正”之類的名字，希望他們長大后能夠成為同齡人中的佼佼者。TextA

Namescanalsobeasignoffamilyheritage.Forexample,insomepartsofAfrica,firstnamesusuallyhavetwoparts.

Thefirstpart

ofaboy’sfirstnamefollowsastrictgenealogyusedformanygenerations.

Alltheboysinonegenerationofafamily,thebrothersandmalecousins,mayhavethesamefirstparttotheirname.

Infact,therearesomeAfricantribeswherealmostallofthemalessharethesamefirstname.

Similarly,insomeArabic-speakingcountries,boysaregiventhefirstnameoftheirpaternalgrandfather.InEuropeancountries,familiesmayrepeatthesamenamesforseveralgenerations.

InIceland,agirl’slastnamegenerallytranslatesas“daughterof...”andaboy’sgenerallytranslatesas“sonof...”名字也象征著家族傳統(tǒng)。比如，在非洲的一些地方，名字通常由兩部分組成。男孩名字的第一部分通常嚴格遵循祖祖輩輩一直使用的家譜。同一個家族中同輩分的所有男孩，無論是親兄弟還是堂兄弟，他們名字的第一部分可能都是一樣的。實際上，在非洲的一些部落中，幾乎所有男性名字的第一部分都相同。與此類似的情況是，在一些說阿拉伯語的國家，男孩經(jīng)常以他們爺爺?shù)拿謥砻?。在歐洲國家，家族可以連續(xù)幾代使用相同的名字。在冰島，女孩的姓翻譯出來的意思通常是“的女兒”，男孩的則是“的兒子”。TextA

Finally,somepeoplename

theirchildrenafter

7famousrulersorpublicfigures,likeGeorgeWashingtonCarver,orevenaftertheirfavorite

soapopera

actorsontelevision.Otherschoosenamesbasedonfiguresfromliterature.Inthisway,namesmaypointtothevaluesofthefamily.

Customsarenottheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren,however.

Somegovernmentsemployspecificpersonneltoomitnamesthatmayharmchildren.最后，一些人還可能以有名的統(tǒng)治者或公眾人物的名字來給孩子取名，比如喬治·華盛頓·卡弗這樣的名字，甚至還有人以他們最喜愛的電視肥皂劇的演員的名字來給孩子取名。有一些人選名字則是依據(jù)文學作品中的人物。這些命名方式彰顯了一個家庭的價值觀。然而，習俗并不是限制孩子命名的唯一因素。一些政府會雇用專人取消一些有可能傷害兒童的名字。TextA

InArgentina,forexample,thegovernmentwillapproveallnames.

Parentscannotgivetheirchildrenstrangeorridiculousnames,andforeignnamesmightbeHispanicized.

OnecouplewantedtocalltheirchildKennedy,forexample,butlosttheircaseincourt.例如，在阿根廷，政府必須審批所有的人名。父母不能給他們的孩子取稀奇古怪或荒唐可笑的名字，仿外國人的名字也可能被要求西班牙化。例如，一對夫妻想把他們的孩子叫作肯尼迪，結(jié)果他們在法庭上敗訴了。TextAGermany,too,thegovernmenthasthepowertostopparentsfromgivingtheirchildrenstrangenames.RecentattemptstocallachildBierstube(“beerhall”)havenotbeenaccepted.

OnefamilyfounditselfinajamwhentheyfoughttocalltheirsonSascha.

Thegovernmentinsistedheshouldhaveamiddlenamethatshowedhewasaboy.

ThisisalsoanissueinJapan,wherethegovernmentfeelschildrenshouldnotbegivennamesthatotherchildrenwillmakefunof.在德國，政府也有權(quán)禁止父母給他們的孩子取稀奇古怪的名字。最近有人打算給他們的孩子取名為“小啤酒大廳”(Bierstube)，但沒有被政府接受。有個家庭想給自己的兒子取名為薩沙，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)困難重重。政府堅持要求給這個小孩取一個中間名，以表明他是個男孩。在日本，情況也如此，政府認為人們應該避免給孩子們?nèi)∫恍黄渌⒆尤⌒Φ拿?。TextA

Isnamingsomethingthatshouldbeleftto

theparents?

Doesthegovernmenthavetherighttostepin

toprotectthechild?

Ironingout

thedetailsofwhoshoulddowhatisnoteasy.

Whateverthegovernmentandparentsdecide,though,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewith

theirdecisions!Maybeweshouldaskthem.命名是應該由父母來決定的事情嗎？為保護孩子，政府有權(quán)力插手嗎？決定誰做什么的細節(jié)問題并不是一件容易的事。然而，無論政府和父母作出何種決定，真正要承受他們決定的是孩子！也許我們應該問問孩子們的意見。TextAAttheverybeginning,theauthorarguesthat“Culturesandfamilieshavedifferentnamingcustoms.”Todefendthisargument,theauthorfirstpointsoutthatnamingisrelatedtohopesandwishes,tofamilyheritage,andtovalues.Theauthoralsopointsoutthatnamingisrestrictednotonlybycustomsbutalsobythegovernment.Theauthorendsthetextwiththethought-provokingquestion:Whoshouldhavethefinalsayinthematterofnaming?MainIdeaTextATextStructure→ExerciseArgument:“Culturesandfamilieshavedifferentnamingcustoms.”(Para.1)Namingisalsorestrictedbythegovernment.(Paras.5-7)Namingisrelatedto1)hopesorwishes(Para.2)

2)familyheritage(Para.3)

3)values(Para.4)Thought-provokingquestion:Whoshouldhavethefinalsayinthematterofnaming?(Para.8)e.g.Thefilmisnotsuitableforaudienceunder18yearsold.

這部電影不適合18歲以下觀眾觀看。suitablerightorappropriateforaparticularperson,purpose,orsituation

合適的adj.BacktoTexte.g.ThisisanoutlineofChinesegrammar.這是一個漢語語法的綱要。outline1)[C;U]themainideasorfactsofsomething,withoutdetails綱要；梗概BacktoTextn.e.g.Hedrewtheoutlineofthehillatdawninlessthan10minutes.他不到10分鐘就把晨曦中山的輪廓畫了出來。2)[C;U]line(s)showingtheboundaryorshapeof

something外形;輪廓e.g.Whoisyourfavoritepainter?你最喜歡的畫家是誰？painter[C]anartistwhopaintspictures畫家BacktoTextn.e.g.Thematterisnowinthehandsofmylawyer.這件事現(xiàn)在正由我的律師處理。lawyer[C]apersonwhoistrainedandqualifiedtoadvisepeopleaboutthelaw,torepresentthemincourt,andtowritelegaldocuments律師BacktoTextn.thepracticesfornamingchildrenthatarefollowedbyaparticulargroupofpeopleNamingCustomsMeaningBacktoTextManypeoplebelieveagoodnamecanpredictwhatachildwillbecomeinthefuture...Manypeoplebelieveasuitablenamecanserveasanoutlineforachild’sfuture...MeaningBacktoText...andithelpstodecideifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorafamouspianoplayer,alawyerorascholar....helpingdetermineifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorapianoplayer,alawyerorascholar.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Hedoesn’tbelievethatfortune-teller’swordsatall.他根本不相信那位算命師的話。

fortune-teller[C]apersonwhoclaimstobeabletotellpeoplewhatwillhappentotheminthefuture算命師BacktoTextn.e.g.Whydon’tyoubuysomejade?你為什么不買些翡翠呢？jade[U]aprecious,usuallygreenstonefromwhichjewelry,smallfigures,etc.aremade碧玉；翡翠BacktoTextn.e.g.Learninganewdancestepmayboostthebraininthesamewaythatlearningalanguagecan.學習一種新的舞步對大腦的鍛煉作用與學習一種語言對大腦的鍛煉作用是相同的。inthesamewaysimilarly

同樣地；以同樣的方式BacktoTexte.g.Heisabrillianthighjumper.他是一名杰出的跳高運動員。brilliantextremelycleverorskillful絕頂聰明的；才華橫溢的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Tomyknowledge,heisaveryuprightandtrustworthyman.據(jù)我所知，他是個非常正直、值得信任的人。upright1)behavinginamoralandhonestway正直的;誠實的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Anythinginaleaningpositionisnotupright.任何偏置的物體都不是直立的。2)notlyingdown,andwiththebackstraightratherthanbent

(站或坐得)筆直的e.g.Hisparentssenthimtocollegeinthehopethathecouldliveabetterlifeinthefuture.他的父母送他去上大學，希望他將來能過上更好的生活。inthehopethatholdingtheexpectationthat

希望BacktoTexte.g.Thesepeoplearethecreamoftheworld’smountainclimbers.這些人是世界登山運動員中的精英。cream1)(thecreamofsth.)thebestpeopleorthingsfromagroup

……中的精英Next

pagen.e.g.Wouldyoulikesomecreaminyourcoffee?你的咖啡要加一些奶油嗎?2)[U]athickyellow-whiteliquidthatrisestothetopofmilk奶油；乳脂e.g.Itisquitenormalforacompanytochooseonlythecreamofthecropwhenitrecruitsgraduates.公司招聘畢業(yè)生時總是挑最好的，這相當正常。thecreamofthecropthebestpart精英；精華BacktoTextInsomeAsiancountries,parentsgotoafortune-tellerwhowillbeabletofindaluckynameforachild.InsomeAsiancountries,parentsgotoanamefortune-tellertogetanamethatwillbring

goodlucktoachild.MeaningBacktoTextChinesegirlsoftenhavenamesthatarerelatedto“jade,”“snow,”or“flowers.”Chinesegirlsareoftengivennamesthatmean“jade,”“snow,”or“flowers.”MeaningBacktoTextSimilarly,boysoftenhavenamesthatindicatestrengthorwealth.Inthesameway,boysoftenhavenamesthatarestrongandpowerful,suggestingsuccessandwealth.MeaningBacktoTextInChina,boysusuallyhavenamesrelatedtosmartnessorhonesty,withthehopethat...InChina,boysaregivennameslike“brilliant”or“upright,”inthehopethat...MeaningBacktoText...theywillbecomethebestwhentheygrowup....theywillbecomethecreamofthecropwhentheygrowup.MeaningBacktoTextheritage[singular;U]anobject,custom,orqualitythatispasseddownovermanyyearswithinafamily,socialgroup,ornation,andisthoughtofasbelongingtoallitsmembers

遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)n.e.g.Allofusneedtotryourbesttoprotectourculturalheritage.我們所有人都要盡力保護我們的文化遺產(chǎn)。BacktoTexte.g.Thenobletookprideinhisgenealogy.該位貴族以自己的血統(tǒng)為傲。genealogy[C]anaccountofoneparticularfamily’shistory,especiallywhenshowninadrawingwithlinesandnamesspreadinglikethebranchesofatree

家譜BacktoTextn.e.g.ThezebraisawildAfricanhorsewithwhiteandblackstripes.斑馬是一種帶有黑白相間花紋的野生非洲馬。Africanadj.relatingtoAfricaoritspeople非洲的；非洲人的adj.&n.e.g.TheAfricansexpressedtheirmusicalsoulinadistinctiveway.非洲人用一種獨特的方式表達他們的音樂靈魂。n.[C]someonefromAfrica非洲人BacktoTexte.g.DoyouknowofanyArabic-speakingstudentshere?你認識這兒講阿拉伯語的學生嗎?Arabic[U]thelanguagethatisspokenbyArabpeople阿拉伯語BacktoTextn.e.g.Hehadanalmostpaternalattitudetowardher.他用一種近乎慈父般的態(tài)度對待她。paternal[U]relatedthroughthefather’ssideofthefamily父系的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Hetranslatedwhatthechairmansaidintosignlanguage.他把主席說的話翻譯成手語。translateexpressthesenseof(wordsortext)inanotherlanguage翻譯；譯BacktoTextv.Namescansayalotaboutafamily’shistorytoo.Namescanalsobeasignoffamilyheritage.MeaningBacktoTextThefirstpartofaboy’sgivennameusuallyispartofafamilylinethathascomedownmanygenerations.Thefirstpartofaboy’sfirstnamefollowsastrictgenealogyusedformanygenerations.MeaningBacktoTextAlltheboys,whethertheyarebrothersorcousins,inonegenerationofafamilymayhavethesamefirstparttotheirname.Alltheboysinonegenerationofafamily,thebrothersandmalecousins,mayhavethesamefirstparttotheirname.MeaningBacktoTextInfact,insomeplacesinAfricawherepeoplewhoarenativetoaregionlivetogetherinagroup,thefirstpartofthenamesofalmostallmalesarethesame.Infact,therearesomeAfricantribeswherealmostallofthemalessharethesamefirstname.MeaningBacktoTextInthesameway,insomecountrieswhereArabicisspoken,boyshavethesamefirstnameastheirgrandfather.Similarly,insomeArabic-speakingcountries,boysaregiventhefirstnameoftheirpaternalgrandfather.MeaningBacktoTextInIceland,agirl’slastnameoftenmeans“daughterof...”andaboy’slastnameoftenmeans“sonof...”InIceland,agirl’slastnamegenerallytranslatesas“daughterof...”andaboy’sgenerallytranslatesas“sonof...”MeaningBacktoTextnamesb.aftersb.BacktoTextgivesomebodythesamenameastheotherpersonorthing以某人的名字給某人命名e.g.Shewasnamedafteragreatsinger.她的名字來自一位偉大的歌唱家。e.g.Itwasthecountry’srulerwhodevisedthissystem.是該國的執(zhí)政者創(chuàng)造了這一體制。ruler[C]apersonwhorulesacountry統(tǒng)治者BacktoTextn.e.g.Whatisyourfavoritecolor?你最喜歡什么顏色?favoriteadj.likedmorethananyother最喜愛的BacktoTextadj.&n.e.g.Thishotelisagreatfavoriteofmine.這家旅館是我最喜歡的。n.[C]apersonorthingyoulikemorethananyother特別喜愛的東西e.g.Thestoryhasalltheelementsofasoapopera.這個故事具有所有肥皂劇的要素。soapoperaastoryaboutthelivesandproblemsofagroupofpeoplewhichcontinueseverydayorseveraltimesaweekontelevisionorradio肥皂劇BacktoTexte.g.ThemuseumisonlyopenonMondaytorestrictthenumberofvisitors.為了限制參觀者的人數(shù)，本博物館只在每周一開放。restrictputalimiton;keepundercontrol限制，約束(行為或活動)vt.BacktoTexte.g.Therewere78personnelontheshipthatsank.那艘沉船上有78名船員。personnel[plural]allthepeopleemployedbyacompany,inthearmedforces,orworkinginanyorganization（公司、機構(gòu)或軍隊的）人員；職員n.BacktoTexte.g.Heomittedanymentionofhisownwork.他只字未提他自己的工作。omit1)notincludebymistakeoronpurpose;leaveout

刪去；忽略vt.e.g.Heomittedtomentionexactlywherehehadgottenthemoney.他沒有提及拿到錢的確切地點。2)(omittodosth.)failtodosomethingbymistakeoronpurpose忘記做某事；故意未做某事BacktoTextAsafinalpoint,somepeoplechoosetogivetheirchildrenthesamenameasthatofafamousrulerorsomeoneinthepubliceye...orasthatofaTVsoapoperaactortheylike.Finally,somepeoplenametheirchildrenafterfamousrulersorpublicfigures...orevenaftertheirfavoritesoapoperaactorsontelevision.MeaningBacktoTextButbesidescustoms,thereareotherthingsthatinfluencethenamingofchildren.Customsarenottheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren,however.MeaningBacktoTextSomegovernmentshaveworkerstogetridofsomebadnamesbecauseofthenegativeeffectstheymighthaveonchildren.Somegovernmentsemployspecificpersonneltoomitnamesthatmayharmchildren.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Theministerapprovedtheplan.部長批準了該項計劃。approve1)toofficiallyacceptaplan,proposal,etc.批準v.e.g.Mostpeoplenolongerapproveofsmokinginpublicplaces.大部分人不再贊同在公共場所抽煙。2)tothinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisgood,right,orsuitable贊成BacktoTexte.g.Heisaridiculousperson.他是一個很可笑的人。ridiculousdeservingridicule;sillyorunreasonable荒唐的；可笑的adj.BacktoTexte.g.After10years’livinginaHispaniccommunity,hefeelsthefamilyculturehasbeenHispanicized.在西班牙裔社區(qū)生活了10年后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭文化都西班牙化了。HispanicizetomakeSpanish,asincustomorculture使西班牙化vt.BacktoTexte.g.Theytooktheirlandlordtocourtforbreakingthecontract.因為房東毀約，他們將其告上了法庭。court[C;U]theplacewherelegaltrialstakeplaceandwherecrimes,etc.arejudged法院；法庭n.BacktoTextInArgentina,allnamesgivenbyparentsshouldbeacceptedbythegovernment.InArgentina,forexample,thegovernmentwillapproveallnames.MeaningBacktoTextParentscannotgivetheirchildrennamesthatothersmightmakefunofandforeignnamesshouldbemademoreSpanishsounding.Parentscannotgivetheirchildrenstrangeorridiculousnames,andforeignnamesmightbeHispanicized.MeaningBacktoTextAhusbandandhiswifewantedtonametheirchildKennedy,forexample,butthecourtdidnotallowthemtodoso.OnecouplewantedtocalltheirchildKennedy,forexample,butlosttheircaseincourt.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Thebankdirectorfoundhimselfinajamforhiscorruption.這位銀行董事因貪污而身陷困境。inajaminadifficultsituation陷入困境BacktoTexte.g.SheinsistedthatPeterleaveorshewouldcallthepolice.她堅持要彼得離開，否則就打電話報警。insistorderordemand(thatsomethingmusthappenorbedone)堅決要求vi.BacktoTexte.g.Don’tmakefunofthechildren.不要取笑那些孩子。makefunoflaugh,orcauseotherstolaugh,ratherunkindlyat嘲弄BacktoTextOnefamilywasintroublewhentheytriedtonametheirsonSascha.OnefamilyfounditselfinajamwhentheyfoughttocalltheirsonSascha.MeaningBacktoTextThegovernmentfirmlydemanded(that)thechild(should)haveamiddlenamethatwouldindicatehewasaboy.Thegovernmentinsistedheshouldhaveamiddlenamethatshowedhewasaboy.Meaninginsist+(that)clause+subject+(should)verbinsist+on/upon+gerund/noun.BacktoTextThisisalsoamatterofimportanceinJapan.TheJapanesegovernmentfeelsthatparentsshouldnotgivetheirchildrenfunnynamesthatotherchildrenwilllaughat.ThisisalsoanissueinJapan,wherethegovernmentfeelschildrenshouldnotbegivennamesthatotherchildrenwillmakefunof.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Wewillleaveittoyou.這事我們就交給你了。leavesth.tosb.allow(something)tobetheresponsibilityof(someone)ortobedecidedby(someone)把……留交某人決定BacktoTexte.g.Ifthedisputegetsanyworse,thegovernmentwillhavetostepin.如果爭端進一步惡化，政府將不得不進行干涉。stepinenteranargumentorbegintotakeactioninanaffair;intervene干涉；介入BacktoTexte.g.Sheusedtoironhisshirts.她過去常給他熨襯衫。ironmake(clothes)smoothwithaniron熨平BacktoTextvt.e.g.We’dbetterironoutourpastdifferencesbeforewegoanyfurther.我們在進行下一步前，最好先把以前的分歧消除。ironoutsettlesomethingbydiscussion;remove解決;消除e.g.Theyhavetolivewiththeconsequencesoftheirdecision.他們不得不承受自己的決定所造成的后果。

livewithbear;tolerate忍受；容忍BacktoTextIsnamingsomethingthatshouldonlybedecidedbytheparents?Isnamingsomethingthatshouldbelefttotheparents?

MeaningBacktoTextDoesthegovernmenthavetherighttogetinvolvedinthenamingofchildrensothattheycanprotectthem?Doesthegovernmenthavetherighttostepintoprotectthechild?MeaningBacktoTextDecidingwhoshouldberesponsibleforthenamingofchildren,aswellastheiroverallprotection,isnotasimpletask.Ironingoutthedetailsofwhoshoulddowhatisnoteasy.

MeaningBacktoTextNomatterwhatthegovernmentandparentsdecide,however,itisindeedthechildrenwhohavetospendtheirliveswiththenamesthathavebeenchosenforthem.Whateverthegovernmentandparentsdecide,though,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewiththeirdecisions!MeaningBacktoTextReadingOutFillintheblankswithoutreferringtotheoriginaltext.Thencheckyouranswersagainsttheoriginal.Afterthat,readthepassagealouduntilyoucansayitfrommemory.Isnamingsomethingthatshouldbeleft(1)

theparents?Doesthegovernmenthavetherighttostep(2)

toprotectthechild?Ironing(3)

thedetailsof(4)

shoulddowhatisnoteasy.

(5)

thegovernmentandparentsdecide,though,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewiththeirdecisions!(6)

weshouldaskthem.towhoinoutWhateverMaybeGettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Whatcanasuitablenameserveasforachild?2.HowdoparentsinsomeAsiancountriesnametheirchildren?3.Cannamesbeasignoffamilyheritage?Giveanexample.Asuitablenamecanserveasanoutlineforachild’sfuture,helpingdetermineifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorapianoplayer,alawyerorascholar.Theygotoanamefortune-tellertogetanamethatwillbringgoodlucktoachild.Yes.Forexample,insomeplacesofAfrica,firstnameshavetwoparts.Thefirstpartofaboy’sfirstnamefollowsastrictgenealogyusedformanygenerations.GettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.4.WhatdoyouknowaboutthenamingpracticeinsomeArabic-speakingcountries?5.Cannamespointtothevaluesofthefamily?Giveanexample.6.Arecustomstheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren?Explain.InsomeArabic-speakingcountries,boysaregiventhefirstnameoftheirpaternalgrandfather.Yes.Forexample,somepeoplenametheirchildrenafterfamousrulersorpublicfigures,likeGeorgeWashingtonCarver,orevenaftertheirfavoritesoapoperaactorsontelevision.No.Customsarenottheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren.Somegovernmentsemployspecificpersonneltoomitnamesthatmayharmchildren.GettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.7.WhydidthegovernmentinGermanyinsistthataboywhoseparentsnamedhimSaschahaveamiddlename?8.Whatistheauthor’sviewonthequestionwhethernamingissomethingthatshouldbelefttotheparents?Whatreason(s)hastheauthorgiven?Theboy’sname,Sascha,didn’tspecifygender,andsothegovernmentinsistedhehaveamiddlenamethatshowedhewasaboy.Theauthor’sviewonthisquestionisthat,whateverthegovernmentandparentsdecide,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewiththeirdecisions.Maybeweshouldaskthem.UsingtherightwordChoosethebestitemtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.Webecamefriendsaftershehelpedmeoutofa(n)

.

A.district B.jam C.fortune D.attempt2.Herfather

nothingfromhereducationinhisattempttomakeherthemostaccomplished(有造詣的)womanofherage.A.Thought B.paid C.thanked D.omitted

3.Hesawthe

ofahouseagainstthesky.A.outlook B.outline C.outside D.outfit4.Toomuchdirectsunlightwill

theplant.A.harm B.hold C.help D.heatBDBAUsingtherightwordChoosethebestitemtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.5.Hesaidtheproposalswouldhavetobe

bytheengineeringdepartment.A.protected B.approved C.believed D.repeated6.Thecrampedlivingconditionsseverely

thechildren’sfreedomtoplay.A.gave B.created C.restricted D.changed7.Wewereunabletoofferthisservicebecausewehadn’tgotenough

tocopewithit.A.office B.personnel C.mind D.thought8.It’s

toexpectatwo-year-oldtobeabletoread!A.ridiculous B.fine C.well D.sorryBCBAWorkingwithExpressionsFillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingsentenceswithasuitableprepositionoradverb.1.Beingquitewell-educatedandexperienced,heserves

anadviserinthegovernment.2.Jackdoesthings

thesamewayashismotherdoes.3.Heworkshardtoearnmoremoneytokeephissonatschool

thehopethathissoncangotocollege.4.Henamedhisnewbornbaby

agreatscholarinancientChina.5.Noonecanstophim

goingonwithhisstudies.6.Whenthetwomenwerefightingonthestreet,thepolicestepped

.7.Shouldweiron

theexistingproblemsbeforemoreplantsarebuilt?8.Healwaysmakesfun

others,soalmosteveryonedislikeshim.asininafterfrominoutofFocusingonSentenceStructureACombinethefollowingpairsofsentencesafterthemodel,using“inthehopethat.”Theannouncementwasbroadcastagainandagain.Itwashopedthatmorepeoplewouldgetthemessage.?Theannouncementwasbroadcastagainandagaininthehopethatmorepeoplewouldgetthemessage.Model1.Hevisitedthemuseumagain.Hehopedthathemightmeetthatgirloncemore.

2.Shestudiedharddayandnight.Shehopedthatshecouldpasstheexam.

3.Icametothisclass.IhopedthatIcouldlearnsomethingusefulformyfuturework.Hevisitedthemuseumagaininthehopethathemightmeetthatgirloncemore.Shestudiedharddayandnightinthehopethatshecouldpasstheexam.IcametothisclassinthehopethatIcouldlearnsomethingusefulfor