2024屆高考英語語法填空之動(dòng)詞 講義教案

破解高考英語語法填空之千變動(dòng)詞

動(dòng)詞提示類設(shè)空是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)之一。因此備考時(shí)對動(dòng)詞提示類

的訓(xùn)練仍是重中之重。

【思維導(dǎo)圖】——?jiǎng)釉~提示類宏觀思維3大方向

若句中沒有別的謂時(shí)態(tài)（判斷依據(jù)：上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致、時(shí)間狀語、固定句式）

語動(dòng)詞，或雖有謂作謂語語態(tài)（判斷依據(jù)：與主語的關(guān)系）

語動(dòng)詞，但與之是主謂一致（判斷依據(jù)：找準(zhǔn)主語、主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)）

一

一并列關(guān)系

分

提

析

示不定式（表目的、形容詞后作狀語、enoughtodo等）

句

詞若句中已有謂語動(dòng)

為動(dòng)名詞（作主語、賓語、表語）

子匚〉詞，而且又不是并

動(dòng)

成現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語）

詞列謂語時(shí)

分過去分詞（被動(dòng)完成，作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語）

一

_

；若在句中不作謂語！,.........、轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞（作定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)）

H動(dòng)詞,而且又不作非?詞性轉(zhuǎn)換r

轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞（作主語、賓語、表語）

:謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)；

第一節(jié)立足3大著眼點(diǎn)，全面出擊謂語動(dòng)詞題

【思維導(dǎo)圖】一謂語動(dòng)詞題3大思維方向

—1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：（1）標(biāo)志詞（everyday/usually...）；上下文

（2）形式：do/does（牢記第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則）

2.一般過去時(shí)：（1）標(biāo)志詞（in2（）19/inthepast/...ago/theotherday...）；上下文

（2）形式：did（牢記規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化）

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：（l）標(biāo)志詞（since…/for.../inlhepast…/uptonow/sofar）；上下文

1—（2）形式：have/hasdone

謂—1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/is/aredone

1所給動(dòng)詞1!一二＞2.一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/weredone

.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

口詞3have/hasbeendone

—4.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：can/must/should...bedone

技巧：句子無

謂語動(dòng)詞或有廠1.作主語一般表單數(shù)概念：單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞/不定式/動(dòng)名詞/

并列連詞連接國鼠L不定代詞/主語從句

胃2.就近原則和就遠(yuǎn)原則

作并列謂語

匚3.定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要和先行詞保持一致

【熱點(diǎn)考向一】

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)——4法破解謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。

1.(2023?全國乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciously

designedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,

(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,

andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.

2.(2022?全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao(walk)

through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,

Africa'shighestmountain.

3.(2022?全國乙卷)Tocelebratethefestival,anumberofeventstookplaceatthe

ChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChina

CulturePromotionSociety(address)theopening

ceremony.

4.(2022?新高考II卷)Henry(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.He

lookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.

5.(2020-IBIII^)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehe

couldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand(point)down

theriver.

6.(2020?浙江7月卷)Byabout6000BC,people(discover)thebest

cropstogrowandanimalstoraise.

7.(2023?江西省名校聯(lián)合測評)China(promote)itsownapproachto

climategovernancethathighlightsgreenrecoverysofar.

8.(2023?衢州一中高三一模)Hopinghewouldnotbeseen,Bobrushedin,

(pick)uphisbookandrushedout.

9.(2023?沈陽高三監(jiān)測)1(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenly

foundthatIwasonthewrongroad.

【圖解技巧】

廠；時(shí)間標(biāo)志法:

一:僮森漉系汨

一;笄司甯國就

T面琵高氐斜

【解題規(guī)則】

1.時(shí)間標(biāo)志法

認(rèn)清常考時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語

(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：since,recently,lately,already,yet,inthelast/pastfewyears,

sofar/uptonow,for+時(shí)間段,eversince等。

(2)過去完成時(shí)：by+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如bythen,bytheendoflastyear等。

(3)一般過去時(shí)：yesterday,lastyear,in2022,twodaysago,一段時(shí)間+later等。

2.語境暗示法

從近幾年高考來看，時(shí)態(tài)主要是通過語境暗示解題。通過正確理解語境，尤其是

上下文的時(shí)態(tài)對照，是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法。

3.并列謂語法

同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。常見的并列連

詞有and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso…等。

4.固定句式法

掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記

一些常用句式。

(l)was/weredoingsthwhen+一般過去時(shí)

(2)had(just)donesthwhen+一般過去時(shí)

(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethat+過去完成時(shí)

【熱點(diǎn)考向二】

動(dòng)詞語態(tài)—主謂邏輯關(guān)系定語態(tài)

【典例】限時(shí)3分鐘，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的用法。

1.(2023?全國甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddown

throughtheagescanstill(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportant

truths.

2.(2022-浙江1月卷)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthe

like-frequentlybyplane—(view)asimportantforscientiststoget

togetherandexchangeinformation.

3.（2021?全國甲卷）TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathas

survivedChina'slonghistory.lt（build）originallytoprotectthecityin

theTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored（修復(fù)）.

4.（2020?全國III卷）Theartistwassurehewould（choose）,butwhenhe

presentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.

5.（2023?河南省名校聯(lián)考）Themedals（call）“Tongxin”,meaning

"togetherasone”,andfeaturefiveconcentric（同心的）ringsrepresentingthe

traditionalChinesethoughtofharmonybetweenheaven,earthandhumanbeings.

【圖解技巧】

【解題規(guī)則】

1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(bedone)

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done

(2)一般過去時(shí)：was/were+done

(3)一般將來時(shí)：willbe+done

(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+done

(5)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+done

(6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+done

(7)過去完成時(shí)：had+been+done

2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone

【熱點(diǎn)考向三】

主謂一致一主謂一致解題3原則

【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)主謂一致的用法。

1.（2023?全國乙卷）Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I

（amaze）bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucha

richheritage（遺產(chǎn)）whileconstantlygrowing.

2.（2022?新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareas

that（be）previouslyunprotected.

3.（2022?北京卷）Theuseofthoseplastics（increase）by300%

since2O19.Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.

4.（2022?浙江1月卷）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200

academics-manyofthemclimatescientists—（promise）toflyas

littleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.

5.（2021?新高考II卷）1keptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'd

sendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto（be）Alaska

Airlines.

6.（2020-全國H卷）Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

（carry）specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbacktolife

andbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

7.（2019?全國I卷）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut

（report）increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.

8.（2023?武漢七校高三聯(lián)考）However,thereisroomforconstantimprovement,as

somepartsoftheC919（import）fromtheWest.

9.（2023?長郡中學(xué)高三模擬）Wearcomfortableshoes,andmostofall,enjoythe

beautyofnaturethat（surround）youinthisamazingChinese

mountain!

【圖解技巧】

【解題規(guī)則】

1.語法一致原則

(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，

謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

(2)就遠(yuǎn)原貝U：主語后品艮有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,inadditionto,

like,but,except,ratherthan,including等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，要考慮謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與

前面的主語保持一致。

(3)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與

主句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

2.就近一致原則

(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到主語由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not

only...butalso...,not...but...等連接時(shí)，要考慮就近原則確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到there,here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，

謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。

3.意義一致原則

(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的

整體)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

(2)動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

第二節(jié)運(yùn)用5大妙法，巧妙判定非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞看似是比較難以掌握的語法，但是只要抓住了三種非謂語動(dòng)詞的本質(zhì)

用法，很多問題便會(huì)迎刃而解。

【思維導(dǎo)圖】一非謂語動(dòng)詞題3大思維方向

p1.動(dòng)名詞常作主語，但在imagine/avoid/mind等動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語

2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，作賓補(bǔ)表進(jìn)行

-[doing]-3.情感類現(xiàn)在分詞作定語或表語修飾物，表示“令人……的”

4.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語與邏輯主語表主動(dòng)關(guān)系

5.某些固定句式：spend+時(shí)間+(in)doingsth,Itisnouse/gooddoingsth,

-bebusydoingsth,havedifficulty（in）doingsth

非

謂p1.不定式作主語表示一次具體的動(dòng)作，常用it作形式主語，而將作主語

語

[所給動(dòng)詞｝"的不定式放在后面°如：Ittakessb+時(shí)間+todosth/Itis+adj.+todosth等

動(dòng)

詞2.作目的狀語

—[todoj—

一3.在hope/expect/manage/decide等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語

4.在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)：allow/inspire...sbtodosth

技巧：句子已經(jīng)

5.在某些名詞后作定語：ability/chance...todosth

有謂語動(dòng)詞且沒L6.在形容詞后或too...to

有并列連詞連接

并列謂語

p1.過去分詞作狀語與邏輯主語表被動(dòng)關(guān)系

—[done]—2.過去分詞作定語或賓語補(bǔ)足語(havesthdone/seesbdone)表被動(dòng)關(guān)系

L3.情感類過去分詞作表語或定語修飾人，表示“感到……的”

【妙法1】

關(guān)鍵標(biāo)志詞法——瞄準(zhǔn)4類詞，快速判斷非謂語形式

【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)非謂語形式的用法。

1.（2023?新高考I卷）Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether（bite）a

smallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill（溢出），ortoputthewhole

dumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.

2.（2022?浙江1月卷）ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,

andsheplans（continue）thepractice.

3.（2021?全國甲卷）After（spend）sometimelookingatallthedefensive

equipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthanto

rideonapieceofhistory!

4.（2021?全國乙卷）Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（遠(yuǎn)足）and

accommodationsaim（have）alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

5.（全國II卷）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,（lay）thetrackand

thenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.

6.（2023?珠海模擬二）Atonepoint,someoneoffered（trade）mean

alcoholicbeverage（飲料）andagoldenfeatheredheaddressformycamera.

7.（2022?孝感模擬）Somesayitisnecessaryforgraduatestospendmoneyin

(produce)embellishedresumesandbuyingsuitableclothes.

8.(2021?江西六校聯(lián)考)Theguidedogbeingdenied(board)isjustthe

tipoftheiceberg,comparedtothevariousdifficultiesfacedbythecountry'svisually

impairedpopulationeverydaywhentheyleavetheirhome.

9.(2023?西安中學(xué)第六次模擬)1won'tcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhen

itcomesto(hold)chopsticks.

10.(2023?甘B單B一模)Theeventalsoinspiredher(found)FairFight,as

awaytohelpprotecttherighttovotenotjustinGeorgia,butinallstates.

【圖解技巧】

日萬謔函石而居鬢孱而前贏愿曲…

-［萬金展示電惠店美宿宿務(wù)高

__________________________________________________________i>

」人篦遁示至天宿妾豆卜豆宿麗五鬲二

'、____________________i__________________I

/泰莉看日Si面聆］五扁i

【解題規(guī)則】

1.只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)

enjoy,consider,escape,include,avoid,miss,risk,appreciate,admit,mind,

imagine,delay,allow,permit,finish,suggest,deny,practise,excuse,beworth,

insiston,keepon,succeedin,giveup,cannothelp等

2.只能跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞

hope/wish/expect,agree/promise,demand/ask,refuse,manage,learn,decide/determine,

pretend,choose/select,plan,offer,intend,apply,fail,afford,prepare,desire,

happen,aim,wait,threaten等

3.只能跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞

tell,order,allow,permit,enable,persuade,force,warn,encourage,inspire,

expect等o

4.介詞后作賓語要用動(dòng)名詞，特別注意介詞to后也要用動(dòng)名詞。

⑴介詞后常跟動(dòng)詞一ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前

面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式就要省略too

(2)關(guān)注介詞to的固定短語

-lookforwardto...期待，盼望...

?objectto...反對...

?bedevotedto???致力于..

?beopposedto…反對..

?adapt/adjustto…適應(yīng)..

?leadto...導(dǎo)致..

【妙法2】

邏輯關(guān)系法——利用邏輯關(guān)系，迅速判定分詞形式

【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)分詞的用法。

1.（2022?全國甲卷）InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation

（hold）inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute

（致敬）totheancientSilkRoad.

2.（2022?新高考II卷）Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth—floor

apartmentbalcony（陽臺(tái)），Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2—metre

fence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe（fall）child.

3.（2022?全國甲卷）Now,Caohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongthe

BeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,

（plan）tohikebacktoXi9aninfivemonths.

4.（2022?北京卷）Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,

increasingly（support）byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesare

learned.

5.（2023?梅州一模）Inrecentyears,"MadeinChina“hasincreasinglybeenrecognized

astherepresentationofChineseculture（offer）byhomegrownChinese

brands,orsimply"China—Chic”.

6.（2023?日照4月校際聯(lián)考）LastOctober,theRussiangovernment,

（hope）toeasetensionsaheadofelectionsearlythisyear,announcedapricefreezefor

milk,breadandotherfoodsthroughtheendofJanuary.

7.（2023?成者B——診）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,

（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.

8.（2023?江西省名校高中聯(lián)合測評）（survey）bytheNationalForestry

Administration,therearepossibly220millionhectaresofforestinChina.

9.（2023?濟(jì)寧三模）Thenationaltreasuresarenolongercoldanddistantobjects

（house）inmuseumsbutlivelyandhumorousentertainerswhocansing

andtalk.

10.（2023?華中師大附中5月適應(yīng)性考試）

Zibo-stylebarbecue'sclassicthree-piecesetcontainsroastlamb,greenonions,and

thinpancakes,which,（combine）,makeamouth-wateringcombo（組

合餐）.

【圖解技巧】

【解題規(guī)則】

1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別

Themobilephonelyingonthedeskbelongstome.

=Themobilephonewhichislyingonthedeskbelongstome.

（themobilephone和lie為主謂關(guān)系，即主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞）

Themobilephonelaidonthedeskbelongstome.

、---/

=Themobilephonewhichislaidonthedeskbelongstome.

（themobilephone和lay為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞）

2.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

在句首的分詞相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句；在句末的分

詞常作伴隨狀語、方式狀語、結(jié)果狀語、不能改成從句。

Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.

（theearth和see為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞）

=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.

Seeingtheearthfromspace,wewillfinditblue.

J一二

（we和see為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞）

=Whenweseetheearthfromspace,wellfinditblue.

3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別

在make,have,see,observe,notice,watch,hear等動(dòng)詞后可用現(xiàn)在分詞和過去

分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

Canyouhearsomebodysinginginthenextroom?

（賓語somebody和sing為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞）

IoftenhearthissongsunginEnglish.

（賓語thissong和sing為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞）

【妙法3】

專項(xiàng)突破法——掌握基本用法，專項(xiàng)攻克不定式

從最近幾年高考來看，對非謂語動(dòng)詞中的不定式考查較多，因此要熟記不定式的

用法，專項(xiàng)突破不定式。

【典例】限時(shí)3分鐘，體會(huì)不定式的用法。

1.（2022?全國甲卷）Avisually—challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked（徒步）40

daystoXi'an,asafirststep（journey）theBeltandRoadroute（路線）

byfoot.

2.（2022?新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareas

thatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasfor

giantpandasunderoneauthority（increase）effectivenessand

reduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

3.（2022?全國乙卷）（strengthen）theconnectionwithyoungpeople,the

eventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.

4.（2020?天津7月卷改編）Vinnieconfirmedherability（make）afull-

lengthstatuebyhighlightingtheheavylaborshehaddonebefore.

5.(全國I卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployed

onlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive(perform)consistently

overalargearea.

6.(2023?九師聯(lián)盟3月檢測)Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,only

(find)theearlytrainhadgone.

【解題規(guī)則】

1.不定式作狀語

(1)用作目的狀語用不定式；

(2)onlytodosth表示出乎意料的結(jié)果；

(3)某些形容詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，后接不定式作狀語。常見形容詞有：happy,

delighted,pleased,proud,anxious,disappointed,lucky,fortunate等；

(4)牢記“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(形容詞easy,difficult,comfortable等)+todo”句式，

不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

2.不定式作定語

(1)看到由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。

(2)看到由theonly,thelast,thenext等修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。

⑶看到被修飾的名詞(代詞)是ability,attempt,chance,desire,eagerness,potential,

reason,right,something,anything,time,way,wish等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定

語。

【妙法4】

歸類突破法——根據(jù)分類對比，判斷非謂語的形式

【典例】限時(shí)2分鐘，體會(huì)非謂語形式的用法。

1.(2023?泉州質(zhì)檢)Withthenewsnowseason(begin)inChina,

enthusiasticskiersandsnowboardershavebeeneagertogetbackontheslopes.

2.(2023-常外I調(diào)研)Hesatinmyroomforafewminuteswithhiseyes

(fix)ontheposteronthewall.

3.(2023?武漢七校聯(lián)考)1needanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph

(take).

4.(2023?長沙高考模擬)Ashumans,wetendtobeeasilyinfluencedwhenitcomesto

likingordislikingsomething,andwe'rehappytohaveourexistingopinions

____________(confirm).

【解題規(guī)則】

l.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

(l)“with+賓語+todo”表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，其中todo不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)；

(2)“with+賓語+doing”表示主動(dòng)、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；

⑶“w汕+賓語+done”表示被動(dòng)、動(dòng)作已完成。

2.have后加賓補(bǔ)的常見用法

(l)havesb/sthdoing讓某人/某物一直做；

(2)havesthdone讓某事被做；

⑶havesbdosth讓某人做某事。

注意：在“havesthtodo(有某事要做)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作定語。

【妙法5】

新考向應(yīng)對法—根據(jù)邏輯與時(shí)間關(guān)系，突破非謂語的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)

分析2022年之前的高考試卷可知，非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其一般式，但2023年新

高考I卷和全國乙卷中，分別考查了不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成

式。對于這一新考向要引起考生的格外關(guān)注。

【典例】限時(shí)6分鐘，體會(huì)非謂語時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。

1.(2023?新高考I卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowing

them(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthem

tearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

2.(2023?全國乙卷)(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwas

amazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucha

richheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.

3.Thefluisbelieved(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthe

cellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.

4.Hewasunwillingtotakepartintheparty,sohepretended(forget)

thedate.

5.Theoldman,(work)abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybackto

hismotherland.

6.LittleJimshouldlove(take)tothetheatrethisevening.

7.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsthatroadconditions

need(improve).

8.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered(invent)thefirst

computer.

9.(ignore)foralongtime,theboysittingatthebackfeltboredandwent

out.

10.(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.

11.(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.

【解題規(guī)則】

1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般式todotobedone

進(jìn)行式tobedoing無

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

注意：

(l)tobedoing表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.

(2)tohavedone表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。

I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.

(3)tohavebeendone表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，且與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Heissaidtohavebeenpunishedbyhisfatheryesterday.

2.v.—ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式

一般式doingbeingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone

注意:

(1)當(dāng)一個(gè)v.-ing形式邏輯上的主語是該v-ing形式的承受者，這個(gè)v.-ing形

式要用被動(dòng)形式。

Heenteredtheroomwithoutbeingseen.

(2)如v.-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，這個(gè)v.-ing形式要用完成形

式。

Tomregrettednothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.

第三節(jié)辨識(shí)2大方向，迅速判定動(dòng)詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

如果所給動(dòng)詞既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，要考慮是否為動(dòng)詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)

修飾語和所作句子成分，結(jié)合句意，迅速判定其形式。

【思維導(dǎo)圖】一動(dòng)詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題的2大思維方向

【典例】限時(shí)4分鐘，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

1.(2023?新高考II卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe(arrive)ofthe

twonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersat

thezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.

2.(2022?全國甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inorderto

promoteenvironmental(protect).

3.(2021?全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetraveler

tobecome①(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographical

conditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationand

benefitsthe②(develop)ofthelocalareas.

4.(2021?浙江6月卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$L200andsomelandfromCharles

Dresser,whoperformedtheir(marry)ceremonyin1842.

5.(2020?新高考II卷)Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea

(require)formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomea

commontoolinmostprofessions.

6.(2020?全國II卷)ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)marking

theendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.

7.(浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe

(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.

8.(全國I卷)However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.

【解題規(guī)則】

1.動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴

⑴直接力口一ment：develop^development

(2)以e結(jié)尾的不去e,直接加一ment：

1—ment

amaze一amazement

例外：argue一argument

2-ionattract^attraction

3-ationexpect^expectation

—de/d/t一(s)sion：

4—(s)sionconehide一conclusion,

admit一admission

5-anceguide一guidance

6-enceexist一existence

7-alarrive一arrival

8—ure/—turepress一pressure

9一ydiscover—>discovery

10-agemarry一marriage

2.動(dòng)詞變形容詞的后綴

suit—>suitable，admire一admirable,

1—able

rely—reliable,comfbrt^comfbrtable，

accept一acceptable

2-fuldoubt一doubtfixl,harm一harmfill

attract^attractive,impress一impressive,

3—ive

create^creative

4-aryimagine—imaginary

5-ing/edamaze^amazing/amazed

【隨堂演練】

動(dòng)詞提示題集中特訓(xùn)

I.專項(xiàng)演練

解題提示：認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，先判斷是否作謂語、非謂語或詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，再根據(jù)

句意完成題目。

1.(2023?開B臺(tái)高三質(zhì)檢)ThenameTianwen,borrowedfromanancientChinesepoem

byQuYuanoftheKingdomofChu(475BC—221BC),(mean)

“thequestforheavenlytruth”.

2.(2023?浙江五校高三聯(lián)考)Thoughjournalists(commit)topresenting

thetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreports.

3.(2023?湖南師大附中月考)ChengduDuFuThatchedCottage,(locate)

bytheBlossom-bathingBrookofChengduCity,istheformerresidenceofDuFu,a

greatpoetofTangDynastyofChina.

4.(2023?蘭州高三一模)China'saccumulatedexperienceinreducingfoodlossand

wasteisbeingsharedwiththeworld.Thisknowledgewillhelpmanycountries

improvetheirability(reduce)foodlossandensurefoodsecurity,

expertsandofficialssaid.

5.(2023?煙臺(tái)高三一模)Anotherreasonforcom'srise：Thegovernmentencourages

farmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.

6.(2023?武漢部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考)WhilemanythinkofFordastheinventorofthe

automobile,hewascertainlynotthefirst(assemble)agas-powered

car.

7.(2023?福州第一中學(xué)一模)Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthisyear,thenumberof

peopleusinghanfuproductsinChinawillreach6.89million,withtotalsales

(expect)toreach10.16billionyuan.

8.(2023?石家莊高三質(zhì)檢)Oneexampleisthehistoricfishmarket[thelargestofits

kindinthesouthernhemisphere(半球)],whichcan(explore)on

behind-the-scenestours.

9.(2023?全國甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage

(intend)foreveryone.

10.(2023?大連高三聯(lián)考)Chinesescientistshavesuccessfullycollectedseedsof

severalplantsatanaltitudeofabout6,200metersonMountQomolangma,

(set)anewrecordforplantseedcollectionatthehighestaltitudein

China.

11.(2023?大連高三聯(lián)考)Themission(lead)bytheGermplasmBankof

WildSpecies(GBOWS)lastyear,anationaldatabaseforthecollectionand

preservationofwildspecies.

12.(2023?如皋第一次聯(lián)考)SriLanka,anislandcountry(lie)inthe

IndianOcean,isinthemidstofitsworstfinancialcrisisindecades.

13.(2023?南通第二次調(diào)研)Thishasallowedsomeoldermembersofsociety,whohad

missedoutoneducationintheiryoungerdays,(go)backtoschool.

14.(2023?廣東省六校第二次聯(lián)考)LocatedinsouthwestChina'sYunnanProvince,the

county,composedofvillageswithapopulationofmorethan40,000,

(lift)outofpovertyin2019.

15.(2023?浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)TheGettyCentersitsonahilltopintheSantaMonica

Mountains,(tower)abovethecityofLosAngeles.

16.(2023?張掖高三第三次診斷考試)Itissaidtobeaplacethatmakesyouforgetyour

ageandfatigueandfeelso(absorb)thatyouwon'tleaveonceyou're

there.

17.(2023?聊城高三模擬)Duetothe(apply)ofthismedicaltechnology,

somediseasescanbetreatedatanearlystage.

18.(2023?淄博高三模擬)Thousandsofcomputerenthusiastsfindcomputershows

aroundthecountryso(attract)thattheybuyparts,takethemhomeand

assemble(組裝)theirowncomputers.

19.(2023?河南省名校聯(lián)考)TheringsalsosymbolizetheOlympicringscarvedinthe

innercircleandtheOlympicspiritof(unite)theworldthroughsports.

20.(2023?皖豫名校聯(lián)盟第一次考試)Thenumberoffilms(register)for

theTiantanAwardworldwidethisyearwas1,450,anincreaseof63percentcompared

with2021.

II.模擬沖關(guān)

解題提示：解題時(shí)尤其關(guān)注動(dòng)詞提示題。

□

(2023?濰坊一中模擬預(yù)測)

MountEmei,1.(locate)inthesouthwestofSichuanProvince,isan

ancientandfamousattractioninChina.

Threemillionyearsago,themainpartofMountEmei2.(rise)sharply

alongafaultlinehere