2021新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit11．a(chǎn)ncestorn.祖先2.nationn.國(guó)家；民族3．originn.起源；起因4.defendv.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)5．a(chǎn)nnouncev.宣告；宣布6.previousadj.早先的7．a(chǎn)ncientadj.古代的8.populationn.人口9．symboln.象征10.historyn.歷史11．geographyn.地理12.capitaln.首都；省會(huì)13．convenientadj.方便的14.urbanadj.城市的15．positionn.位置16.atmospheren.氛圍；大氣層17．surroundv.包圍18.coverv.覆蓋19．remoteadj.偏僻的；偏遠(yuǎn)的20．locatev.找出……位置；安置在……21．a(chǎn)daptv.使適應(yīng)22.changeableadj.多變的1．diverseculture多元文化2．culturalconflict文化沖突3．culturalshock文化沖突4．mixsth.withsth.將……與……混合5．makeitaruletodosth.做某事成為規(guī)定6．onspecialoccasions在特殊的場(chǎng)合7．originatefrom起源于……8．passdownfromgenerationtogeneration一代一代傳下來(lái)9．referto涉及10．themajorityof大多數(shù)1．I'mdelightedtohearthatyouwilletoourschoolasanexchangestudentnextterm.得知你下學(xué)期將作為交換生到我校學(xué)習(xí)，我非常高興。2．I'vebeenlongingtogotoAmerica,mainlyfortworeasons.OneisthatIcanexperienceAmericanculture,whichisbelievedtobethemostdiverseintheworld.TheotheristhatIcanbroadenmyhorizonsinthisdevelopedcountry.我一直盼望著去美國(guó)，主要有兩個(gè)原因。其一是我能夠體驗(yàn)美國(guó)文化，它被認(rèn)為是世界上最多元化的。其二是我能夠在這個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家開闊視野。3．WhatimpressesmemostisthediverseAmericanculture.給我印象最深的是美國(guó)的多元文化。1．HewillgotoShanghainextyearin_the_hope_ofgettingawell-paidjobthere.明年他要去上海，他希望在那兒找到一份薪資高的工作。2．Iwillmakea10-daytourofAmericaaftermygraduationfromseniorhighschoolthissummer,whichwillbea_good_chance_for_me_to_experience_American_cultureandpractisemyoralEnglish.今年夏天高中畢業(yè)后，我將去美國(guó)進(jìn)行為期10天的觀光旅游，這將是一次體驗(yàn)美國(guó)文化、練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的好機(jī)會(huì)。3．Mastering_Englishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.掌握英語(yǔ)意味著我們可以通過(guò)一個(gè)新的窗口看世界。教材單詞寫準(zhǔn)并記牢Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．despiteprep.盡管；不管2．hardshipn.苦難；困苦3．occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)4．luggagen.行李(〈美〉baggage)5．thankfuladj.感激的；感謝的6．boomn.(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮vi.處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期7．a(chǎn)nglen.角；角度8．civiladj.公民的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；民間的9．hirevt.&10．graspvt.&11．thoughtfuladj.關(guān)切的；體貼的；深思的12．reformv.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良13．justicen.公正；公平14．insertvt.嵌入；插入Ⅱ.拓展單詞1．distinctadj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinctionn.差別；區(qū)分；卓著2．immigrantn.(從外國(guó)移入的)移民→immigratevi.移入(外國(guó)定居)→immigrationn.移民；移居入境3．meansn.方法；手段→meanv.意思是；意味著adj.吝嗇的；卑鄙的→meaningn.意思；意義4．majorityn.大多數(shù)；大半→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n.專業(yè)→minorityn.少數(shù)5．electvt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→electionn.選舉6．percentagen.百分比；百分率→percentadj.百分之……的7．racialadj.人種的；種族的→racen.種族；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)8．crossingn.橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道→crossn.十字；交叉adj.交叉的；生氣的v.使交叉；橫過(guò)→acrossprep.在……對(duì)面9．a(chǎn)pplicantn.申請(qǐng)人→applyvi.申請(qǐng)→applicationn.申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng)10．customsn.海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅→customern.顧客11．socialistn.社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人adj.社會(huì)主義者的→societyn.社會(huì)→socialadj.社會(huì)的→socialismn.社會(huì)主義12．indicatevt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示→indicationn.跡象；標(biāo)示→indicatorn.指示器；指示信號(hào)13．a(chǎn)pparentadj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.顯然地；顯而易見地14．conductorn.(公車)售票員；列車員；(樂隊(duì))指揮→conductv.管理15．slipvi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤n.滑動(dòng)；滑倒→slipperyadj.滑的16．punishmentn.懲罰；處罰→punishvt.懲罰；處罰Ⅲ.閱讀單詞1．straitn．海峽2．Arcticadj.北極的；北極區(qū)的3．ministryn.(政府的)部；(全體)牧師；牧師的職責(zé)4．shavevi.&vt.刮；剃5．vicen．&adj.代理；副職6．federaladj.聯(lián)邦制的；聯(lián)邦政府的7．a(chǎn)ircraftn.飛行器；航空器；飛機(jī)8．nephewn.侄子；外甥9．tramn.(有軌)電車10．cattlen.牛(總稱)11．bakeryn.面包房；面包廠12．ferryn．渡船；渡口vt.擺渡；渡運(yùn)13．seagulln.海鷗14．mournvt.&vi.15．a(chǎn)uthorityn．權(quán)威；權(quán)力(pl.)當(dāng)局；官方16．railn.鐵路；扶手；(護(hù)欄的)橫條17.nowhereadv.無(wú)處；到處都無(wú)18．braken．閘；剎車；制動(dòng)器v．剎(車)；用制動(dòng)器減速19．polen.地極；電極；磁極20．fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的高考與教材1.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtful(thought)questions.2．(2018·江蘇卷)Painters,digitalmediaexperts,photographers,bookingagentsandpromotersarehired(hire)tosellticketsandpromotetheevent.3．(2018·浙江卷)Whileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentage(percent)ofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.4．(2017·江蘇卷)India'seconomywilltakeoffwhenthecountryachievesmajority(major)ofeducationalopportunity.教材短語(yǔ)寫準(zhǔn)并記牢1．live_on繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存2．bymeansof...用……辦法；借助……3．make_a_life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等4．keep_up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)5．back_to_back背靠背6．team_up_with與……合作或一起工作7．mark_out用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界線8．take_in包括；吸收；欺騙；理解9．a(chǎn)_great/good_many許多；很多10．a(chǎn)pply_for申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到11．leave_out漏掉；遺漏12．occur_to(某人)突然想起(某事)高考與教材1.(2019·天津卷)Whenapredator(掠食動(dòng)物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlives_on(以……為食)variousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.2．(2018·天津卷)Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,take_in(吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì))allthesights,soundsandsensations.3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,somethingoccurred_to(突然想起)me.教材句式寫準(zhǔn)并記牢1.Itislikelythat...很可能……However,it_is_likely_thatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美國(guó)人有可能在一萬(wàn)五千年前就在加州生活著。2．why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，表示“……的原因”That_is_whytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。3．過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attracted_bytheclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.世界上不同地方的人們?nèi)匀灰泼竦郊永Ｄ醽啠麄兪潜荒抢锏臍夂蚝蜕罘绞剿?．It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句It_is_believed_thatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們相信，過(guò)不了多久國(guó)籍間相混的程度將如此大以至于這里不再有明顯的主要的種族或文化團(tuán)體，而僅僅是一個(gè)多種族、多文化的混合體。高考與教材1.(2019·北京卷)First_celebrated(最初被慶祝)in1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū))．2．(2018·江蘇卷)Whenshoppingonline,Iusedtomakesomechoicesby_means_of_consulting(通過(guò)咨詢消費(fèi))consumptionratings.3．(2017·北京卷)That's_why(這就是為什么)IthinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverisabetterchoice.4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)It's_more_likely_that(更有可能的是)noneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)It_is_believed_that(人們認(rèn)為)themoviewillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.6．(2018·北京卷)Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthat_is_why(那就是為什么)whattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.1．動(dòng)詞＋-tion變名詞①immigrate→immigration遷移；移居②indicate→indication指示；暗示③fascinate→fascination魅力；入迷④elect→election競(jìng)選；選舉⑤decorate→decoration裝飾2．動(dòng)詞＋-ment后綴變名詞①punish→punishment懲罰②govern→government統(tǒng)治；政府③arrange→arrangement安排④argue→argument爭(zhēng)論⑤move→movement運(yùn)動(dòng)；移動(dòng)3．單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞①custom(風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)→customs(海關(guān))②manner(方式)→manners(禮貌)③iron(鐵)→irons(鐐銬)④arm(手臂)→arms(武器)⑤glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼鏡)⑥pain(痛苦)→pains(勞苦)⑦paper(紙)→papers(文件)4．“v.＋in”結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)聚焦①breakin強(qiáng)行闖入②givein屈服；投降③turnin上交④engagein從事；參加；忙于⑤succeedin在……取得成功5．帶后綴-ing的名詞集錦①crossing十字路口②training訓(xùn)練③feeling感覺④wedding婚禮⑤marketing促銷⑥spending花銷⑦engineering工程⑧well-being幸福高頻詞匯精講1．meansn．手段；方法ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些遷居者通過(guò)一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。bymeansof...用……辦法；借助……bythismeans用這種方法byallmeans務(wù)必；一定；當(dāng)然可以byanymeans無(wú)論如何；以一切可能的手段bynomeans絕不；一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)[注意]means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Someresearcherspointoutthatdaydreamingisameansofrelaxation.②Allmeanshave_been_used(use)togethimtochangehismind,butinvain.③Everypossiblemeanshas_been_tried(try),butnonehasworked.④Whateverhappened,thebossrequiredustofinishthetaskbyallmeans.⑤Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknownbymeansofsigns.(2)寫作運(yùn)用Furthermore,by_no_meansispunishmentawisechoicetohelpchildrengrowupmentallyandphysically.而且，懲罰絕不是幫助孩子們身心健康成長(zhǎng)的明智選擇。2.majorityn．大多數(shù)；大半OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原居住人民傳授天主教。(1)a/themajorityof...大多數(shù)……beina/themajority構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù)(2)majorn.&v.專業(yè)；主修majorin主修……；以……為專業(yè)(3)minorityn.少數(shù)intheminority占少數(shù)[注意]themajority作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可；表語(yǔ)若是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)。themajorityof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Inthegeneralpopulation,right-handedpeopleareinthemajority.②One-thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensare(be)blackpeople.③Formanyyears,themajority(major)ofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.④IgraduatedfromHeBeiNormalUniversityandmajoredininformationmanagement.(2)寫作運(yùn)用WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionsofthe_majority.當(dāng)我有不同的意見時(shí)，我可能選擇放棄，尊重大多數(shù)人的意見。3.makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多數(shù)人留在加利福尼亞謀生，盡管困難重重。(1)etolife蘇醒；變得活躍ebacktolife蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；恢復(fù)生氣bring...backtolife使……蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；給……帶來(lái)活力live/leada．..life過(guò)著……生活(2)make/earna/one'sliving謀生完成句子①TheywenttotheWestanddecidedtomake_a_lifethere.他們?nèi)チ宋鞑康貐^(qū)，決心去那里適應(yīng)新生活。②Itwasmanyhoursbeforehecame_back_to_life.數(shù)小時(shí)之后，他清醒過(guò)來(lái)。③WhenAlicecame_to_life,_shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlyingthere.當(dāng)愛麗絲蘇醒時(shí)，她不知道她已經(jīng)在那兒躺了多久。4．electvt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人Purchaserscanelecttopayinmonthlyinstallment.購(gòu)買者可選擇逐月分期付款。(1)electsb.(as/tobe)＋職位＝beelected(as/tobe)＋職位選舉某人為……(職位前無(wú)冠詞)electtodosth.選擇做某事(2)electionn.選舉(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Hewaselectedasourmonitoratthebeginningoftheterm.②IfIamluckyto_be_elected(elect),Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.③Thelowlevelofinterestintheelection(elect)hasbeenreflectedintheunwillingnessofthecitizenstovote.④Hewas_elected(elect)presidentofthepany,andthenewscame,infact,asasurprise.(2)完成句子ShehassuchagoodmandofEnglishthatweallelect_her_as/to_beassistanttoourEnglishteacher.她英語(yǔ)掌握得很好，我們都選她為英語(yǔ)老師的課代表。5．occur(occurred;occurred)vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)Yes.Itdidn'toccurtomethat...是的，我沒想到……sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred(occur)．②Itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(2)完成句子It_occurred_to/hit/struckmethatithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.我突然想到，自上封信以來(lái)，已經(jīng)有太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒收到華萊士的信了。6．indicatevt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示Trytousetheexpressionsabovetoindicatethatyouarelisteningcarefullytoyourpartner.試著用上面的表達(dá)表明你在認(rèn)真聽同伴的講述。(1)indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物indicatethat...示意；表明；暗示；說(shuō)明(2)indicationn.暗示；表示；預(yù)兆indicationofdoingsth.做某事的跡象(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①WithanodofhisheadheindicatedtomewhereIshouldsit.②Thereisanindication(indicate)thathewillrecoverfromthedisease.③Snowindicates(indicate)theingofwinter.(2)完成句子Asis_indicated_in_the_survey,_moreandmorepeoplechoosetotravelabroad.調(diào)查顯示，越來(lái)越多的人選擇出國(guó)旅游。7．takein接受；理解；包括；欺騙；收進(jìn)；吸收It'sa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它包括了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。takeaway拿走；使離開；消除(病痛等)takedown記下來(lái)；拆掉takefor(錯(cuò))當(dāng)作；(誤)以為takeoff起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；突然成功takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takeover接收；接管；取代takeup占去，占據(jù)；開始；從事(1)寫出下列句中takein的漢語(yǔ)意思①Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday,takingeverythingin.包括②Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.欺騙③Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheprofessorhadsaid.理解④Imanagedtorentabigenoughhousetotakeinahandfulofpeople.收留(2)完成句子①Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltake_ontheburden.盡管前面有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心勇挑重?fù)?dān)。②Hercareertook_offwhenshewasinhertwenties.在她20幾歲時(shí)事業(yè)取得了成功。③IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance,whichwillhelpyoubettertake_inthepoemstobelearned.我建議你提前了解唐代的歷史，這會(huì)幫助你更好地理解你要學(xué)的詩(shī)歌。8.agreat/goodmany許多；大量Agreatmanypeoplethinkzoosshouldbeclosed,becauseit'stoocrueltoanimals.很多人認(rèn)為動(dòng)物園應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)閉，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)于動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)太殘忍了。表示“許多”的單詞和短語(yǔ)：修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞二者皆可manymuchalotof/lotsofagood/greatmany(of)agreatdealofalargequantityofmanya(n)quantitiesofalarge/greatnumberofmassesofquiteafewplentyof[注意]agood/greatmany后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但agood/greatmany后接of時(shí)，of后的名詞前必須加限定詞these/those/the/one's等，然后再加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Agoodmanystudentsinourschoolhave_taken(take)anactivepartinthemovementagainstpollution.②Largequantitiesofoilhave_been_discovered(discover)inaplacenearmyhometownrecently.③Itisapitythatmanyafamouspopstarhas_been_ruined(ruin)bydrugs.(2)完成句子Toourteacher'sdelight,a_good_manyofthestudentsinourclasshavepassedtheexam.令老師高興的是，我們班中有很多學(xué)生通過(guò)了考試。重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥1．distinctionn.區(qū)別；區(qū)分；卓越(1)awriterofdistinction一位卓越的作家gain/attain/windistinction出名(2)distinctadj.不同的；明顯的adistinctimprovementin...在……方面的顯著進(jìn)步adistinctsmell不同的/清晰易辨的氣味bedistinctfrom與……不同(3)distinctlyadv.不同地；明顯地Italsohasthedistinction(distinct)ofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA，havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.2．keepup堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)keepupwith不落后；跟得上keepaway(from)(使)遠(yuǎn)離keepback退后；阻止；保留keepoff避開；不接近keepon(doing)繼續(xù)(干)keepout(of)阻止進(jìn)入；不卷入；避開①Ihopethefineweatherwillkeep_up.我希望好天氣能繼續(xù)。②Theinternationalsituationchangessoquicklythatonecanhardlykeep_up_withit.國(guó)際形式變化如此之快以至于我們不可能跟得上它。③Weshouldkeep_away_fromcigaretteandstayhealthy.我們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離煙草，保持健康。3．a(chǎn)pparentadj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的(1)beapparenttosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是顯而易見的Itis/wasapparentthat...很顯然……(2)apparentlyadv.顯然地①Hesatatadifferenttable,apparently(apparent)withoutnoticingher.②Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.③Thatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlifeisapparenttousall.4．slipvi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小過(guò)失；滑動(dòng)slipinto悄悄進(jìn)入；溜進(jìn)去；悄悄塞進(jìn)；滑行撞上(某物)slipaway(＝outof)悄悄溜走slipdown滑倒slipfrom滑脫slipoutof意外地從……滑出，掉出；溜出去①Sheslipped(slip)anoteintomyhandwhentheteacherwasn'tlooking.②Myaunthasslippeddowninthestreetandhurtherankle,soIhavetotakehertothedoctor.③Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedtogooutatthattime.5．teamupwith與……合作keepupwith跟上catchupwith趕上putupwith忍受；容忍endupwith以……結(jié)束①Weshoulddevelopourabilitytoteam_up_withothers.我們應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)與他人合作的能力。②Westartedwithsoup,andfruittoend_up_with.我們開始時(shí)喝湯，最后吃水果。6．hirevt.&n.租用；雇用(1)onhire出租forhire可供出租(2)hiresth.out(tosb.)把……租出去(給某人)①InDecember2018,Iwas_hired(hire)asahotelmanagerandmovedherefulltime.②Therearethreesmallboatsavailableforhire.③Davidusedtohirehiscaroutwhenhedidn'tneedithimself.7．markout畫線標(biāo)出……的界限mark...with用……在某物上做標(biāo)記bemarkedwith標(biāo)有……的標(biāo)志Mark_outyourmistakes,andfindoutwhatcausesyoutomakethesemistakes.把你的錯(cuò)誤標(biāo)記出來(lái)，弄清楚是什么導(dǎo)致你犯了這些錯(cuò)誤。8．graspvt.&n.抓??；掌握；(能力)范圍；控制(力)(1)graspsb.bythecollar抓住某人的衣領(lǐng)graspone'smeaning領(lǐng)會(huì)某人的意思(2)beyondone'sgrasp某人抓不到的/力所不能及的withinone'sgrasp某人力所能及的/能抓到的/能理解的①Hegraspedthethiefbythecollarandfoughtwithhimbravely.②Wearehopefulthatpeaceisnowwithinourgrasp.典型句式精析1．Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今天超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。That'swhy...那就是……的原因。在該句型中，why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句this/thatisbecause...這/那是因?yàn)椤璗hisisthereasonwhy...這就是……的原因thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……(why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)thereasonthat...is...……的原因是……(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theyhurriedon.Thatwasbecauseitwasgettingdark.②Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.③Tomwasverylazy.Thatwaswhyheneverachievedanythinginhislife.(2)完成句子Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.This_is_becauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空中看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)樗砻婕s71%都被水覆蓋著。2．BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亞被選為美國(guó)第31個(gè)聯(lián)邦州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多元文化的社會(huì)了。bythetime意為“到……的時(shí)候”，是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中起連接作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。其用法如下：(1)如從句謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；(2)如從句謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；(3)如主句動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況，此時(shí)主句不用完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，此時(shí)bythetime相當(dāng)于when。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Bythetimetheyarrived,thefamousastronauthad_left(leave)thehall.②Bythetimeshegetshome,hermotherwill_have_left(leave)forLondontoattendameeting.(2)完成句子By_the_timehewasfourteenyearsold,Einsteinhad_learnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.到14歲時(shí)，愛因斯坦就已經(jīng)自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。3.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認(rèn)為，過(guò)不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)如此之大，以至于這里不再有明顯的主要的種族或文化群體，而是一個(gè)多種族、多文化的混合體。It'sbelievedthat...人們認(rèn)為……。在該句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句It'ssaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……It'sreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……It'shopedthat...大家希望……It'swell-knownthat...眾所周知……It'sthoughtthat...大家認(rèn)為……It'ssuggestedthat...據(jù)建議……完成句子①It_is_widely_believed_thatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsitebyslidingthemonsmoothpaths.人們普遍認(rèn)為埃及人是通過(guò)光滑的道路來(lái)把石塊移到金字塔的遺址的。②It_is_reported_thataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstoe.據(jù)報(bào)道，未來(lái)幾年，月球上將修建一座空間站。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．NowinChina,anincreasingpercentage(百分比)ofthepopulationhavetheirowncars.2．Wheneveritis,weshouldkeepathankful(感激的)hearttowardseverythingexisted.3．Anyonewhogoesabroadwillacceptsecuritycheckatthecustoms(海關(guān))．4．Myfatherhired(雇傭)threementohelphimwiththeharvestlastsummer.5．BusinessinChinaisbooming(繁榮),andthattrendisexpectedtogrow.6．Reforming(改革)theeducationsystemwillbeadifficultprocedure.7．Astrongmanwillbearhardship(困苦)withoutplaining.8．Despite(盡管)hisfrequentabsence,Brucemanagedtokeepupwithhisstudies.9．Hardlyhadweputdownourluggage/baggage(行李)andsatdownwhenthetrainstartedoff.10．It'sthoughtful(體貼的)ofSuzytoplaneverythingwellbeforetheevent.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hegavenoindication(indicate)thathewasreadytopromise.2．Slaves(slavery)usedtobesoldfromAfricatothenewworld.3．Apparently(apparent),theiPods,ifusedproperly,arehelpfultoourstudy,especiallytoourEnglishlistening.4．Heisaddictedtoputergames;that'swhyhehastodropoutofschool.5．Theboyslipped(slip)outoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents'permission.6．MostUShighschoolstudentshavetherighttovoteinthepresidentialelection(elect)．7．Asthewageswerelow,therewerefewapplicants(apply)forthejob.8．Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thevastmajorityoftheworld'spopulationwill_be_living(live)incitiesratherthaninthecountry.9．Facedwithsuchasituation,shefeltastrangemixture(mix)ofexcitementandfear.10．Agoodjudgewilltrytomakethepunishment(punish)fitthecrime.11．Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.12．Shehadlookedeverywhereforherchildren,buttheywerenowhereto_be_found(find),whichmadeherveryworried.13．Ofallthepeoplethere,theoldwerescholarsofgreatdistinction(distinct)whiletheyoungweretheopposite.14．Grasp(grasp)themainideaofthetext,andyouwillbeabletoanswerthequestion.15．Anewlawhasbeenbroughtintodiscourageracial(race)prejudice.Ⅲ.選詞填空takein，bymeansof，markout，keepup，teamupwith，makealife，applyfor，agreatmany1．Avolleyballcourthadbeenmarked_outonthegrassforsportlovers.2．—HowdidyoumakesuchrapidprogressinyourEnglish?Doyouhaveanysecrets?—No.Onlyby_means_ofhardworking.3．MrBrownsentanemailtothemanager,applying_forajobinthepany.4．Johnpreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthanteam_up_withanyoneelse.5．Itishonorabletomake_a_lifewithyourhandswhiledependingonothersisashame.6．Afterseeinga_great_manyhomelesspeopleinthestreets,IthoughtIshoulddosomethingforthem.7．Hetendedtoworkthroughhislunchhourinanefforttokeep_upwithhiswork.8．It'ssaidthatnon-smokerswhotake_intheairpollutedbytobaccosmokesuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.Ⅳ.完成句子1．Themoviehadalreadystartedby_the_time_we_arrived_at_the_cinema.當(dāng)我們趕到電影院的時(shí)候電影已經(jīng)開始了。2．That_is_whyIremendanothercategoryofbooks:literarybooks.這就是我推薦另外一種圖書——文學(xué)類圖書的原因。3．It_is_generally_believedthatIThasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.人們普遍認(rèn)為信息技術(shù)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有缺點(diǎn)。4．Noonereallyknowsexactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhat_we_call_Americanow.沒有人確切地知道第一批移民到達(dá)我們今天稱之為美國(guó)的地方是什么時(shí)候。5．It_is_likely_thatProfessorSmithwillgiveusalecturetomorrow.明天史密斯教授有可能給我們講課。Ⅴ.課文回顧C(jī)aliforniaisthethird__1__(large)stateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.Itisthemostmulticulturalstateinthe