虛擬語氣的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題樣本

虛擬語調(diào)用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題虛擬語調(diào)表達(dá)一種假設(shè)狀況，或一種主觀愿望，即動詞所示動作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)，或不也許實(shí)現(xiàn)。英語虛擬語調(diào)形式有下列幾種：一.虛擬語調(diào)用于條件狀語從句注意:主句中should通慣用于第一人稱,would可用于任何人稱,同步也可依照意思用情態(tài)動詞could,might等代替should,would。

1.與當(dāng)前事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句If1).動詞過去式(或were)2).助動詞（過去式）+動詞原形ShouldWould+動詞原形couldmight(1)Ifhadthetime，JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.(2)IfIwereyou，Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.2.與過去事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句Ifhad+過去分詞ShouldWould+have+過去分詞couldmightIfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain，Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.3.與將來事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句If1.

should+動詞原形2.

動詞過去式3、wereto+動詞原形ShouldWould+動詞原形couldmightIfitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifyouwenttherenexttime，youwouldseewhatImean.4.錯綜時間虛擬語調(diào)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表達(dá)行為和主句表達(dá)行為所發(fā)生時間不一致時,動詞形式要依照它所示時間來調(diào)節(jié)。例如：IfIwereyou，Iwouldhavegonehome.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice，youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(從句說是過去,主句指是當(dāng)前。)Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.狀語從句1.方式狀語asif(asthough)如果從句表達(dá)與當(dāng)前事實(shí)相反,謂語動詞用普通過去時;表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反,謂語動詞用"had+過去分詞";表達(dá)與將來事實(shí)相反,謂語動詞用"would(might,could)+動詞原形"。例如：(1)HelooksatmeasifIweremad.(2)HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.但asif(asthough)后從句也慣用陳述語調(diào),這是由于從句中狀況往往是也許發(fā)生或也許被設(shè)想為真實(shí)。例如:Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.2.目狀語inorderthat,sothat，lest,forfearthat等從句謂語動詞用"may/might,can/could)+動詞原形"。例如：(1)Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.(2)Wehidbehindsomebushesforfearthatpasser-byshouldseeus.3.連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句:incase，unless,supposing,providing，onconditionthat從句謂語動詞用(should)或"might，could)+動詞原形"。二.虛擬語調(diào)用于賓語從句1.Suggest，advise等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語調(diào)，其句子構(gòu)造如下：規(guī)定：askdemandrequirerequestbegpleadinsistpraymaintainurge建議：suggestadviseproposerecommendmove命令、決定：ordercommanddecidedetermineresolve其他：consentdeservedesireintendprefer等背面賓語從句中+that…(should)+動詞原形注意：在此構(gòu)造中that不可省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.Theydemandedthattheblackpeopleshouldbetreatedaswellaswhitepeople.如果that引導(dǎo)從句所表達(dá)內(nèi)容是事實(shí)，也可用陳述語調(diào)。Heinsiststhatheisright.注意:insist作"力言"、"強(qiáng)調(diào)"解時,賓語從句不用虛擬語調(diào)。只有當(dāng)insist作"堅(jiān)持(應(yīng)當(dāng))"解時,賓語從句才用虛擬語調(diào)。例如(1)Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.(2)Iinsistedthatyougivememymoneyback.2."wish+賓語從句"表達(dá)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望,漢語可譯為"可惜……"、"……就好了"、"悔不該……"、"但愿……"等。表達(dá)當(dāng)前不能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望,從句謂語動詞用過去式;表達(dá)將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望,用"would(could)+動詞原形";表達(dá)過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望,用"had+過去分詞"或"(could)would+have+過去分詞"。例如:wish用法1).與當(dāng)前事實(shí)相反:動詞過去式或wereIwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)2).與過去事實(shí)相反:主語+wish(that)+主語+動詞過去完畢式Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)3).與將來事實(shí)相反:助動詞過去式+動詞原形Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句區(qū)別在于：hope表達(dá)普通可以實(shí)現(xiàn)但愿，賓語從句用陳述語調(diào)。wish表達(dá)很難或不大也許實(shí)現(xiàn)但愿,賓語從句用虛擬語調(diào)。試比較：Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.3.虛擬語調(diào)在wouldrather/wouldsooner/wouldjustassoon后接從句:I'dratheryoupaidmenow.(從句用過去時指當(dāng)前)Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.(從句用過去時指將來)I'drathershehadn'tdonethat.(從句用過去完畢時指過去)(此句中would可看作是表愿望實(shí)義動詞)三.虛擬語調(diào)用于主語從句在主語從句中,謂語動詞虛擬語調(diào)構(gòu)造用"should+動詞原形"構(gòu)造,表達(dá)驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等。例如:Itisnecessary(appropriatecrucialdesirabledreadfulessentialimportantimproperincredibleindispensableinsistentnaturalpreferablepossibleprobableproperrightsignificantsurprisingstrangetragicurgentvitalwrongetc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered，requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.在上述三種主語從句中,should意為"應(yīng)當(dāng)"、"居然",可以省去,但不可換用would。主句所用動詞時態(tài)不限。注意:這種從句表達(dá)是事實(shí)。如果說話人對這種事實(shí)表達(dá)驚奇,就可用虛擬語調(diào)。反之,如果不表達(dá)驚奇,that從句也可用陳述語調(diào)。例如:Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatyoucan'tswim.四.虛擬語調(diào)用于表語從句、同位語從句規(guī)定：demandrequestprayinsistencerequirement

建議：suggestionadviceproposalrecommendationmotion

命令、決定：ordercommanddecisiondeterminationresolution

其他：plandesireideanecessitypreference等名詞表語從句和同位語從句,其謂語動詞要用虛擬語調(diào)構(gòu)造"(should)+動詞原形"。例如(1)Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.(2)Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.五、虛擬語調(diào)幾種特殊用法1.省掉if條件從句倒裝構(gòu)造：Hadyouaskedme，Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表達(dá)，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend，he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)3.虛擬語調(diào)用于定語從句:It’s(high)timethat…+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，(should不能省略,be用were)"來表達(dá),意為"(當(dāng)前)該……"。如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.4.虛擬語調(diào)用于ifonly引導(dǎo)感嘆句:IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是聽她話就好了。IfonlyIwereabird!我如果是一只鳥就好了。5.虛擬語調(diào)用于簡樸句1)表達(dá)說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌,使語調(diào)委婉,常出當(dāng)前尋常會話中。例如(1)Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.(2)Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?2)用于某些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。例如:Wouldyoulikeacupoftea.Youhadbettergonow.3)用"may+動詞原形",表達(dá)"祝愿"、"但愿"。may須置于句首。例如:(1)Mayyoubehappy！(2)Mayyousucceed!6.含蓄條件句在某些虛擬語調(diào)構(gòu)造中沒有if條件句,虛擬條件是用其他形式表達(dá)出來,這種現(xiàn)象在語法上稱為"含蓄條件句"。含蓄條件詳細(xì)分為如下幾種狀況:1)通過動詞不定式短語表達(dá)條件。例如:Youwouldbeafooltorefusehisoffer.(=Ifyoushouldrefusehisoffer,youwouldbeafool.)要是你回絕她建議,就太傻了。2)通過介詞短語表達(dá)條件。例如:ButforthestormIwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.(=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm...)要不是那場暴雨,我早就到達(dá)了。Withoutair，therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.3)通過連詞otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表達(dá)條件。例如:Shecametotownyesterday，otherwise/orIwouldnothavemether.昨天她到城里來了,否則我就不會碰見她了。(otherwise/or=ifshehadn'tcome)Iwouldhaveattendedthemeeting，butIhavebeentoobusy.(=...ifIhadnotbeentoobusy)我本來要參加會議,只是太忙了。4)通過Wereitnotfor...或Haditnotbeenfor...等句式表達(dá)條件。意為"如果當(dāng)時沒有……",表達(dá)同過去事實(shí)相反假設(shè)。例如Wereitnotfor(=Ifitwerenotfor)theleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.要不是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo),咱們不也許過幸福生活。(與當(dāng)前事實(shí)相反)Haditnotbeenfor(=Ifithadnotbeenfor)theleadershipoftheParty,weshouldhavefailed.若不是有黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo),咱們早就失敗了。(與過去事實(shí)相反)5)通過度詞短語表達(dá)條件。例如:Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.倘若予以更多關(guān)懷,這些樹本來可以生長得更好。(=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention...)6)無詞句暗示條件。例如:Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.這種錯誤本來可以避免。(暗含條件從句ifwehadbeenmorecareful)Itwassoquiet,youcouldhaveheardapindrop.是那樣安靜,掉根針你都聽得見。(暗含條件從句ifithaddroppedtotheground)虛擬語調(diào)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題(1).IfIyou，Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.A.beB.wasC.wereD.am(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere，theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't(3)today，wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave(4).IfPetertomorrow，whatwouldyoudo?A.werenottocomeB.willnotcomeC.wouldnotcomeD.hadnotcome(5).“Shedidn'taskme，soIdidn'thelpher?”“Youmeantosay，youwould'vehelpedher?”A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyouC.hadsheaskedyouD.wereshetoaskyou6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem.A.mighthavediedB.mightdieC.woulddieD.coulddie(7).Iftheyhadknownhim，tohim?A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalk

C.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk

(8).IfIlivedinthecity，Itravelledincrowdedbuses，butItoseelotsof

films.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert，ifItime.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad

(10).Iknownit，Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having(11).yourhelp，Iwouldnothavesucceeded.A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?”“Onlythatifheamillionaire，hewouldhavefewerworries.”A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecomeC.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”“IwouldhaveIdidn'thavethemoney.”A.stillB.butC.otherwiseD.or(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?Heisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong.”A.goesB.wouldgoC.goD.went(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwetelevisiononweek

nights.A.notwatchB.mustnottowatchC.notbewatchingD.havenotwatch(16).Ican'tspeakJapanese，butIdowishI.A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?’“Yes，verymuch.IwishIhavetoleavesosoon.”A.won'tB.don'tC.mustn'tD.didn't(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”“Idon'tknow，butit'sabouttimeonsomething.”A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided(19).I'dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.sayB.didn'tsayC.don'tsayD.notsay(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?”“Theteacherdemandsthateveryoneinhisseatatsix.”A.wouldbeB.canbeC.beD.willbe(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlestheit.A.forgetsB.forgetC.willforgetD.willnotforget(22).“Howdoesthelibrarianact?”“Heactsasifheawalkingdictionary.”A.wereB.beC.isD.hasbeen23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendriversseverelypunished.A.wereB.areC.beD.willbe(24).IwishyouinterruptwhenI'mtalkingonthephone.A.willnotB.wouldnotC.donotD.didnot(25).Henrytalkstohisdogasifithim.A.understandsB.understoodC.understandD.wou