北京市大興區(qū)2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題【含答案解析】

大興區(qū)2023~2024學年度第一學期期末檢測試卷高二英語本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢笇懺诖痤}卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。TheincidenthappenedonedayinNovember.AstrangeraskedSammywherehismotherandfatherwere,andheknewsomethingwasoff.Whilethewomanwas___1___tohim,sheinsistedthatsheknewhisfamily.Thewomanindicatedheshouldcomewithher,butyoungSammydidn’tfollow.Hewasunderstandably___2___thesituationbutoutofithecameupwithaplan.Theyoungsterenteredastoreheregularlywenttoand___3___thecashier,HannahDaniels.Thirty-year-oldHannahwasbehindtheregisterandSammy’s___4___weresomethingshewouldneverforget.Hewhisperedtoher,“Actlikeyou’remymom.Thisladyis___5___me.”Hannahremainedcalm,butshedidn’ttakeSammy’swordslightly.Hannahimmediatelyplacedherselfbetweentheboyandthewoman.Thewomanwasstandingjustoutsidethestore,soHannahcouldshutthedoorandlockit___6___somethingterriblehappened.Sammyrecalledthe___7___momentandnotedthathewastremblinginthestore.Hisdadhadtaughthimaboutthe___8___ofstrangersandtheriskofkidnappings(拐騙).Asaresult,theyoungsterknewhowto___9___tothewoman.Whentheboy’sfatherSamGreenlaterwatchedavideooftheincidentrecordedfromthestore’ssecuritycamera,hesaidhewasmovedtotears.Hehopestheirexperiencewould_____10_____othermomsanddadstoeducatetheirkidsbecauseitcanmakeasignificantdifference.1.A.nice B.unfamiliar C.similar D.polite2.A.worriedabout B.insistedon C.interestedin D.surprisedat3.A.rejected B.analyzed C.caught D.approached4.A.grades B.jokes C.words D.hopes5.A.following B.challenging C.testing D.teaching6.A.since B.after C.until D.before7.A.exciting B.frightening C.satisfying D.disappointing8.A.danger B.love C.voice D.preference9.A.play B.respond C.talk D.complain10.A.invite B.allow C.encourage D.introduce【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A6.D7.B8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了少年Sammy被一名陌生女人問話和跟蹤，受過父親有關陌生人和拐騙知識教導的他意識到事情不對勁，向商店里的女收銀員Hannah求助，Hannah幫助他成功逃脫，Sammy的父親觀看監(jiān)控錄像后深受感動，并呼吁其他父母也給孩子進行這方面的教育，以免發(fā)生意外?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然他并不熟悉這個女人，但她堅持說她認識他的家人。A.nice友好的；B.unfamiliar不熟悉的；C.similar相似的；D.polite有禮貌的。根據(jù)上文“AstrangeraskedSammywherehismotherandfatherwere”可知，這個女人是個陌生人，因此她對Sammy來說是不熟悉的，固定短語beunfamiliarto表示“不為……所熟悉”。故選B?！?題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：他顯然對這種情況感到擔憂，但是他從中想出了一個計劃。A.worriedabout擔憂；B.insistedon堅持；C.interestedin對……感興趣；D.surprisedat對……感到驚訝。根據(jù)上文“sheinsistedthatsheknewhisfamily”和“Thewomanindicatedheshouldcomewithher”可知，這個陌生女人說她認識Sammy的家人，還讓他跟著她走，因此這會讓作為孩子的他感到擔憂。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個少年走進一家他經常去的商店，走近收銀員HannahDaniels。A.rejected拒絕；B.analyzed分析；C.caught抓?。籇.approached接近。根據(jù)下文“Hewhisperedtoher,“Actlikeyou’remymom.Thisladyis___5___me.””可知，Sammy在和收銀員HannahDaniels低聲說話，向她求助，因此是走近她。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：30歲的Hannah站在收銀臺后面，Sammy的話是她永遠不會忘記的。A.grades成績；B.jokes笑話；C.words（某人說的）話；D.hopes希望。根據(jù)下文“Hewhisperedtoher,“Actlikeyou’remymom.Thisladyis___5___me.””可知，此處指Sammy對她低聲說的話。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這位女士在跟著我。A.following跟隨；B.challenging挑戰(zhàn)；C.testing測試；D.teaching教導。根據(jù)下文“Thewomanwasstandingjustoutsidethestore”可知，那個陌生女人就站在商店外面，因此是一直跟著Sammy。故選A。【6題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：那個女人就站在商店外面，所以Hannah可以在可怕的事情發(fā)生之前把門關好并鎖上。A.since自從；B.after在……之后；C.until直到；D.before在……之前。根據(jù)上文“Hannahcouldshutthedoorandlockit”和下文“somethingterriblehappened”可推知，Hannah是在可怕的事情發(fā)生之前，采取了行動，防止陌生女人闖進來。故選D。【7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sammy回憶起那個可怕的時刻，提到他當時正在店里發(fā)抖。A.exciting令人興奮的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.satisfying令人滿意的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根據(jù)下文“hewastremblinginthestore”可知，Sammy當時在店里發(fā)抖，因此是可怕的時刻。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的父親教導過他陌生人的危險和拐騙的風險。A.danger危險；B.love愛；C.voice聲音；D.preference偏好。根據(jù)下文“theriskofkidnappings(拐騙)”可推知，他父親教導過的內容是陌生人的危險和拐騙的風險。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，這個少年知道如何應對這個女人。A.play玩耍；B.respond回應；C.talk交談；D.complain抱怨。根據(jù)上文“Hisdadhadtaughthimaboutthe___8___ofstrangersandtheriskofkidnappings(拐騙).”可知，Sammy從父親那里學到了拐騙的風險，因此他知道如何應對這個陌生女人，固定短語respondto表示“對……做出回應，應對”。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他希望他們的經歷能鼓勵其他父母教育他們的孩子，因為這可以產生重大的影響。A.invite邀請；B.allow允許；C.encourage鼓勵；D.introduce介紹。根據(jù)上文敘述的Sammy的父親教導過Sammy處理陌生人和拐騙方面的知識，這讓Sammy得以妥善地應對這個陌生女人，在這次事件中沒有受到傷害可推知，他們的經歷能鼓勵其他父母去進行這樣的教育。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Whatmademychildhoodtrulyspecialwasournext-doorneighbor,Mrs.Greene,whowasaretiredschoolteacherthen.Everyweekend,Iwould____11____(eager)visither.Sittinginherlivingroomfilledwithbooksfromfloortoceiling,and____12____(listen)tohertaleswerethebestpartofmyweek.Thestorieswereheradventuresduringheryoungerdays.Istillrememberthewayhereyes____13____(light)upwitheverymemory,thepassioninhervoice,andthelifelessons.Itwasevidentthather____14____(teach)daysmighthaveended,butherwisdomhadn’t.【答案】11.eagerly12.listening13.lit##lighted14.teaching【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者的鄰居格林太太?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：每個周末，我都會迫不及待地去看她。修飾動詞wouldvisit需用副詞eagerly，作狀語。故填eagerly?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：坐在擺滿了從地板到天花板的書的客廳里，聽她講故事是我一周中最美好的時光?？仗幮杼顒用~listening和上文sitting并列作主語。故填listening?！?3題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我仍然記得她的眼睛里閃爍著回憶的光芒，她的聲音里充滿激情，還有人生的教訓?？仗帪槎ㄕZ從句的謂語，根據(jù)上文的“were”和下文的“was”可知，此處陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過去時。故填lit/lighted?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：很明顯，她的教學生涯可能已經結束了，但她的智慧卻沒有?？仗幮揎椕~days，作定語，應用形容詞teaching。故填teaching。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。BusterKeaton,oftenovershadowed(使黯然失色)bythefameofCharlieChaplin,wasacomedictalentinhisownright.Bornin1895,heenteredshowbusinessatayoungageandquicklybecameknownforhisuniquebrandofphysicalcomedy.Films____15____(produce)byhimareconsideredtimelessclassics.____16____,whatdistinguishes(區(qū)別)himfromothercomediansishisabilityofhumor,atalent____17____depthisimmeasurable.Hewasnotjustaperformer;hewasanartistwhoseworkscontinuetoinfluencemoderncomedy.【答案】15.produced16.However##Nevertheless17.whose【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了喜劇演員——CharlieChaplin。【15題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他制作的電影被認為是永恒的經典。分析句子結構可知，已有謂語動詞areconsidered，空處需填非謂語動詞作后置定語，修飾名詞films，produce和films為邏輯動賓關系，需用過去分詞形式。故填produced?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：然而，他與其他喜劇演員的區(qū)別在于他的幽默能力，這是一種無法估量的天賦。上下文之間為轉折關系，空后為逗號，需用副詞however/nevertheless，位于句首，首字母需大寫。故填However/Nevertheless?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意同上。空處引導定語從句，先行詞talent，在定語從句中作定語，需用關系代詞whose引導。故填whose。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Intheever-evolving(不斷進化的)landscapeofmoderneducation,thevalueofcriticalthinkingskillscannotbeoverstated(過分強調).Generally____18____(speak),studentstodayareexpectedtonotonlymemorizefactsbutalsothinkcriticallyandapplytheiranalysesinreal-world____19____(situation).Schoolsnowhavemadeitmandatory(強制性的)toputproblem-solvingexercisesintheircourses.Manystudents,havingbeenstudyinginthesenewersystems,havemadesignificantimprovementsintheiranalyticalabilities.Thistransition,giventhestrongemphasisonlearninginthepast,____20____(mark)asuperchangeineducationalmethods.【答案】18.speaking19.situations20.marks##hasmarked【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了在不斷發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代教育環(huán)境中，批判性思維技能的重要性?！?8題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：一般來說，今天的學生不僅要記住事實，而且要批判性地思考，并將他們的分析應用到真實世界的情境中。generallyspeaking為固定搭配，意為“一般來說”。故填speaking。【19題詳解】考查名詞。句意同上。situation為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，且沒有冠詞限定，需填名詞復數(shù)形式。故填situations?！?0題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這種轉變，在過去非常強調學習的情況下，標志著教育方法的一個超級變化。此處描述客觀事實，使用一般現(xiàn)在時，也可以表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產生影響，使用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為Thistransition，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填marks/hasmarked。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGuideto“Clean&Green”HomeRecyclingWelcometothe“Clean&Green”homerecyclinginitiative(倡議)!Ourgoalistoassisthouseholdsinreducingtheirenvironmentalfootprintbyprovidingstep-by-stepinstructionsoneffectiverecyclingpractices.UnderstandingRecyclingTypesEverycityhasitsownrecyclingstandards,butthefollowingsaregenerallyuniversal:Plastics:Theseincludebottlescontainers,andotherpackagingmaterials.Alwayscleanplasticsbeforerecyclingtoavoidpollution.Paper:Newspapers,magazines,andcardboardarerecyclable.However,soiledorwetpapershouldbediscardedasregularwaste.Glass:Bottlesandjarsofallcolorscanberecycled.Ensuretheyarefreeoffoodwaste.Metals:Commonrecyclablesarealuminumcansandtinfoil(錫紙).Removeanyfoodwastebeforedisposal(處理).StepsforEffectiveHomeRecyclingCollection:Useseparatebinsforeachtype.Markcontainerstoavoidconfusion(迷惑).Preparation:Asmentionedabove,cleantheitems.Thispreventswasteandincreasestherecyclabilityofthematerials.Storage:Avoidoverfillingrecyclingbins.Overpackedbinsmightleadtoimpropersortingatrecyclingfacilities.Drop-Off:Ifyourcitydoesn’tofferroadsidepickup,locateyournearestrecyclingdrop-offpoint.StayInformed:Recyclingguidelinescanchange.Regularlycheckcitywebsitesfor“Clean&Green”updates.RecyclingDOsandDON’TsDOencourageneighborsandfriendstoadoptrecyclinghabits.DON’Tmixdifferenttypesinonebin.DOinvestincompostingifpossible;it’sanothergreatwaytoreducewaste.DON’Trecycledangerousorelectronicwastewithregularrecyclables.Askyourcityforproperdisposalmethods.BenefitsofRecycling:Reduceslandfill(垃圾填埋)waste.Conservesnaturalresourcesandenergy.Preventspollutionbyreducingtheneedforrawmaterials(原材料).Supportspublichealthbyminimizingexposuretoharmfulthings.Jointhe“Clean&Green”initiativetodayandplayyourpartincreatingabrightfutureforthenextgenerations!21.Whichofthefollowingmaterialsneedstobecleanedbeforerecycling?A.Paper B.Plastics C.Metals D.Glass22.Accordingtotheguide,whatistheprimarygoalofthe“Clean&Green”initiative?A.Tosellrecyclingbins. B.Toencouragecomposting(堆肥).C.Toreducehouseholds’environmentalfootprints. D.Toupdaterecyclingguidelinesfrequently.23.Basedontheguide,whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.Electronicwastecanberecycledwithregularrecyclables.B.YoushouldmixdifferenttypesinonebintosavespaceC.It’simportanttostayupdatedonrecyclingguidelines.D.Wetpaperispreferredforrecyclingasit’seasiertoprocess【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章是關于“清潔及環(huán)?！奔揖踊厥罩改稀！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UnderstandingRecyclingTypes部分的“Plastics:Theseincludebottles,containers,andotherpackagingmaterials.Alwayscleanplasticsbeforerecyclingtoavoidpollution.(塑料：包括瓶子、容器和其他包裝材料。在回收之前一定要清潔塑料，避免污染。)”可知，塑料在回收之前需要清洗。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ourgoalistoassisthouseholdsinreducingtheirenvironmentalfootprintbyprovidingstep-by-stepinstructionsoneffectiverecyclingpractices.(我們的目標是通過提供有效回收方法的逐步指導，幫助家庭減少對環(huán)境的影響。)”可知，根據(jù)指南，“清潔與綠色”行動的首要目標是減少家庭的環(huán)境足跡。故選C。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StepsforEffectiveHomeRecycling部分的“StayInformed:Recyclingguidelinescanchange.Regularlycheckcitywebsitesfor“Clean&Green”updates.(隨時了解情況：回收準則可能會改變。定期查看城市網站的“清潔與綠色”更新。)”可知，了解最新的回收指南很重要。故選C。BIdaNelsonwasenjoyingandrelaxinginherbathwhensheheardthethunderofasmallairplanecirclingthenearbyairport.Itwas11：30atnightintheAlaskanvillageofIgiugig,population70,and,asshetoldtheNewYorkTimes,“Anytimeaplanefliesoverthatlate,youknowsomethingiswrong.”Nelsonandhersisterleapedoutofthebath,rantothewindowandsawtheproblem:Theairport’srunwaylightswereout.Nelsonthrewonsomeclothes,jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairportwhereshefoundalocalpilottryingtoturnonthelightsmanually.“Normally,ifyoupushthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightup.”Notthistime.Meanwhile,sheandthepilotlearnedoftheplane’surgentmission:Itwasamedevac(救傷直升機),theretotransportaseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital,280milesawayinAnchorage.Nelsonhadaplan.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheswitchedherheadlightsonfortheplanetofollow.Greatidea,butitwasn’tenough.Morelightwasneeded,soaneighborcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage-32ofthem.Within20minutes,20vehiclesarrivedattheairport,manyofthedriversstillinpajamas.Followingthedirectionsfromthemedevacpilot,thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway.Themedevacmadeitsfinalapproachand,guidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely.Theyoungpatientwasloadedontotheaircraft,andtheplaneimmediatelytookoffagain.Herillnesswasneverpubliclyrevealed,butshehassincerecoveredandleftthehospital.Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty,thelittlecommunity’spositiveactivismisabigdeal.NotsomuchforNelson.AsshetoldCNN,inIgiugig,comingtogetheris“kindofanormaldeal.”24.HowdidIdaNelsontellsomethingwronghappened?A.Byobservingtherunwaylights.B.Bylisteningtothesoundoftheairplane.C.Throughthetimetheairplaneturnedup.D.Throughthebehaviorofthelocalpilot.25.WhatwasNelson’sidea?A.Tolightuptherunway.B.Tohelprepairthelights.C.Tocallinmorevillagers.D.Toturnonmorerunwaylights.26.Whatdoesthestoryintendtoshow?A.Lovemakestheworldgoaround.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D.Asmallactioncanmakeabigdifference.【答案】24.B25.A26.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解了艾達納爾遜和她的妹妹幫助救護直升機安全著陸，使得飛機把重病的女孩送到醫(yī)院，這個故事想告訴我們一個小小的善舉可以帶來很大的影響。【詳解】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“IdaNelsonwasenjoyingandrelaxinginherbathwhensheheardthethunderofasmallairplanecirclingthenearbyairport.Itwas11：30atnightintheAlaskanvillageofIgiugig,population70,and,asshetoldtheNewYorkTimes,“Anytimeaplanefliesoverthatlate,youknowsomethingiswrong.””(IdaNelson在洗澡時正在享受和放松，這時她聽到一架小型飛機在附近機場盤旋的雷聲。那是阿拉斯加70人口的Igiugig村的晚上11：30，正如她告訴《紐約時報》的那樣，“任何時候飛機飛得那么晚，你都知道出了問題。”)可知，IdaNelson通過聽飛機的聲音知道出問題了。故選B項。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Nelsonhadaplan.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheswitchedherheadlightsonfortheplanetofollow.Greatidea,butitwasn’tenough.Morelightwasneeded,soaneighborcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage-32ofthem.Within20minutes,20vehiclesarrivedattheairport,manyofthedriversstillinpajamas.Followingthedirectionsfromthemedevacpilot,thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway.”（Nelson有一個計劃。她把她的ATV開到跑道盡頭，打開前燈讓飛機跟著走。這是個好主意，但還不夠。需要更多的光線，所以一位鄰居幾乎給村里的每個家庭都打了電話，其中有32個。不到20分鐘，20輛車就到達了機場，許多司機仍然穿著睡衣。按照醫(yī)療后送飛行員的指示，汽車排成一排在跑道的一側。）可知，尼爾森的計劃是照亮跑道。故選A項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty,thelittlecommunity’spositiveactivismisabigdeal.NotsomuchforNelson.AsshetoldCNN,inIgiugig,comingtogetheris“kindofanormaldeal.””(在一個充滿不確定性的世界里，這個小社區(qū)的積極行動主義是一件大事。對Nelson來說就不那么重要了。正如她在Igiugig告訴CNN的那樣，團結起來是“一種正常的交易”)可知，這個故事想告訴我們一個小小的善舉可以帶來很大的影響。故選D項。CInthemodernage,socialmediaplatformshaveemergedaspowerfultoolsforcommunication,networking,andself-expression.Withbillionsofactiveusersworldwide,theseplatformshaveprofoundlyinfluencedthehumaninteraction.Recentpsychologicalstudieshavedelvedintounderstandingtheinfluenceofprolonged(長期的)socialmediausageonindividualself-esteem(自尊)andidentityformation.ContextandPrevalence(流行)Socialmediaplatforms,includingWeibo,WeChatMoments,Douyin,andLittleRedBook,offerwaysforindividualstoprojectcuratedversionsoftheirlives.Whilethiscanserveasamediumofaffirmation,italsocomparesone’sdailylifeagainstthespeciallyeditedhighlightsofothers,whichcouldpotentiallyleadtofeelingsoffailureandunsatisfactory.ResearchFindingsonSelf-EsteemAstudyconductedamongadolescentsaged13-19showedthatextremesocialmediausecorrelateswithlowerself-esteemscores.Participantswhospentoverfivehoursdailyontheseplatformsdemonstratedsignificanttendenciestowardsself-devaluation(自我貶低)andnegativeself-perception(自體感受).Thestudybelievedthattheconstantexposureofidealizedimagesandlivesleadstoaninvoluntary(不自主的)comparison,oftenplacingtheindividualonthelesserendofthespectrum.ImplicationsforIdentityFormationForadolescents,acriticaltimeofidentityformationhappensduringtheteenageyears.Socialmediacanoftenblurthelines(模糊界限)betweenpersonalidentityanddigitalpersona(面貌，形象).Astudytrackedteenagersforfiveyearsandfoundthatheavysocialmediausersoftenexperiencedidentityconfusion.Theirdigitalavatars,formedundersocietalpressures,sometimesovershadowedtheirrealpersonalities,leadingtointernalconflictsandaconfusiontorealselfhood.PossibleSolutionsandFutureResearchWhilethenegativeinfluenceofsocialmediaonmentalwell-beingareevident,it’salsoessentialtohighlightitspotentialbenefits.Platformscanhelptoaddasenseofbelonging,provideinformationalsupport,andserveasoutletsforcreativeexpression.Futureresearchcouldexplorepotentialinterventions(介入，干涉)toreducethenegativeeffects.Inconclusion,whilesocialmediaoffersahugenumberofopportunitiesandwaysforexpression,it’simportantthatteenagersapproachitwithawareness.Thepsychologicallandscapeitshapesishardtounderstand,andunderstandingitsdepthsrequirescontinuedresearch,empathy(共鳴),andactivemeasures.27.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudyinvolvingadolescentsaged13-19?A.IttookfivehoursforparticipantstotakepartinthestudyB.ItsuggestedthatweshouldnotcompareourliveswithothersC.Itcausedself-devaluationandnegativeself-perceptiontoparticipants.D.Itshowedthattoomuchsocialmediauseresultedinlowself-esteem.28.Whatdoestheterm“digitalavatars”refertoinparagraph4?A.Socialmediaalgorithms(算法). B.Digitalmarketingtools.C.Onlineversionsofindividuals. D.Digitalassistants.29.Whysocialmediaareespeciallybadforadolescents?A.Theycauseidentitycrises(危機)tothem. B.Theyleadtofeelingsofunsatisfactory.C.Theyprojectversionoftheirlives. D.Theyovershadowtheirpersonalities.30.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffectofsocialmediaonusers?A.Entirelynegative. B.Quitepositive. C.Mixedwithcaution. D.Indifferentandneutral.【答案】27.D28.C29.A30.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期使用社交媒體會對個人自尊和身份認同產生影響。【27題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Astudyconductedamongadolescentsaged13-19showedthatextremesocialmediausecorrelateswithlowerself-esteemscores.(一項針對13-19歲青少年的研究表明，過度使用社交媒體與較低的自尊得分相關。)”可知，我們從這項涉及13-19歲青少年的研究中了解到過度使用社交媒體會導致自尊心低下。故選D?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Foradolescents,acriticaltimeofidentityformationhappensduringtheteenageyears.Socialmediacanoftenblurthelines(模糊界限)betweenpersonalidentityanddigitalpersona(面貌，形象).Astudytrackedteenagersforfiveyearsandfoundthatheavysocialmediausersoftenexperiencedidentityconfusion.(對于青少年來說，身份形成的關鍵時期發(fā)生在青少年時期。社交媒體常常會模糊個人身份和數(shù)字形象之間的界限。一項追蹤青少年五年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，重度社交媒體用戶經常經歷身份困惑。)”可知，他們在社會壓力下形成的數(shù)字形象有時會掩蓋他們的真實個性，導致內部沖突和對真實自我的困惑。由此可知，digitalavatars意為“數(shù)字形象”，與C項：Onlineversionsofindividuals.(個人的在線版本。)意思接近。故選C?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Foradolescents,acriticaltimeofidentityformationhappensduringtheteenageyears.Socialmediacanoftenblurthelines(模糊界限)betweenpersonalidentityanddigitalpersona(面貌，形象).Astudytrackedteenagersforfiveyearsandfoundthatheavysocialmediausersoftenexperiencedidentityconfusion.(對于青少年來說，身份形成的關鍵時期發(fā)生在青少年時期。社交媒體常常會模糊個人身份和數(shù)字形象之間的界限。一項追蹤青少年五年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，重度社交媒體用戶經常經歷身份困惑。)”可知，對于青少年愛說，身份形成的關鍵時期發(fā)生在青少年時期。社交媒體容易讓青少年出現(xiàn)身份混淆的危機。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inconclusion,whilesocialmediaoffersahugenumberofopportunitiesandwaysforexpression,it’simportantthatteenagersapproachitwithawareness.Thepsychologicallandscapeitshapesishardtounderstand,andunderstandingitsdepthsrequirescontinuedresearch,empathy(共鳴),andactivemeasures.(總之，雖然社交媒體提供了大量的表達機會和方式，但重要的是青少年要有意識地接近它。它塑造的心理景觀很難理解，理解它的深度需要持續(xù)的研究、共鳴和積極的措施。)”可知，作者對社交媒體對用戶的影響的看法是謹慎的。故選C。DIntheannalsofhumanhistory,fewsubjectshavegeneratedasmuchexcitement,debate,andguessasartificialintelligence(AI).Thisrevolutionarytechnology,whichenablesmachinestoperformtasksthatoncerequiredhumanintelligence,hasthepotentialtotransformeverypartofoursociety,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.This“machinelearning”isthedrivingforcebehindmanyoftheAIapplicationsweseetoday,fromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatomoreadvancedsystemslikeIBM’sWatson,whichcananalyzevastamountsofinformationtoassistdoctorsindiagnosingdiseases.ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含義).Themachinesareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyarefed,andthere’sagrowingconcernaboutbiases(偏見)beingbuiltintoAIsystems.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologies,usedineverythingfromunlockingphonestopolicemonitoringcameras,havecomeundercheckformisidentifyingindividualsbasedonraceorgender.Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.WhilenewrolesandindustriesmightemergeasaresultofAI,itisnotsurethatthesewillpayoffthejobslost.Thiscouldincreaseincomeinequalitiesandcausesdifficultiestosocialsystems.Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.ManyAIsystemsoperateinwaysthateventheircreatorsdon’tfullyunderstand.Thiscanbeproblematic,especiallyincriticalapplicationslikehealthcareorcriminaljusticewhereunderstandingthelogicbehindadecisionisimportant.Thenthere’sthepotentialforAItobeweaponized.Inthehandsofevilactors,AIcouldbeusedtospreadmisinformation,controlpublicopinion,orevenengageininternetwarfare.Theglobalcommunitymustcometogethertosetstandardsandregulationstopreventsuchmisuse.Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促進)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.31.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemethodbywhichmachinesacquirethecapabilitytoperformtasksthattraditionallyrequiredhumanintelligence?A.Byprogrammingpredefinedrules.B.Throughuserinteractionseveryday.C.Byingestingandprocessingvastamountsofdata.D.Viaregularsoftwareupdatesfromdevelopers.32.Inthecontextofthearticle,howdoestheauthorprimarilydemonstratetheeffectofartificialintelligence?A.Bycitingnumerousstatisticaldata.B.BypresentingboththepositivepotentialandthechallengesofAI.C.Throughpersonalexperiences.D.ByfocusingonthenegativeeffectsofAI.33.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.TheRiseofVirtualAssistants:SiriandAlexaB.UnderstandingtheMechanismsBehindAIAlgorithmsC.ArtificialIntelligence:ChartingtheCourseforTomorrow’sTechD.BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AIhasalreadyreplacedmosthumanjobsandistheleadingcauseofunemployment.B.TheglobalcommunityhastakenmeasurestopreventAImisuse.CTheoperationofmanyAIsystemsiseasilyunderstoodbytheircreators.D.ThesolvingtothedilemmabroughtbyAIneedscollectiveeffortsofoursociety.【答案】31.C32.B33.D34.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制定標準和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時避免潛在的危險?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.(人工智能的核心是數(shù)據(jù)。大量的數(shù)據(jù)被輸入到算法中，從這些數(shù)據(jù)中學習，使它們能夠做出預測，識別模式，甚至做出決策。)”可知，機器獲得執(zhí)行傳統(tǒng)上需要人類智能的任務的能力的方法是通過攝取和處理大量數(shù)據(jù)。故選C?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.(人工智能的變革潛力是不可否認的。例如，在醫(yī)療領域，人工智能可以幫助早期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病，預測患者的預后，甚至提出治療方案。在金融領域，算法可以預測股票市場趨勢，并提供個性化的理財建議。在交通方面，配備人工智能系統(tǒng)的自動駕駛汽車有望減少事故，緩解交通擁堵，并改變城市景觀。)”、第四段“However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含義).(然而，潛力越大，責任越大。人工智能的興起引發(fā)了關于其道德含義的爭論。)”、第五段“Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.(此外，人工智能的廣泛應用可能會導致大量的工作崗位流失。)”以及第六段“Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.(另一個主要問題是人工智能的“黑匣子”性質。)”可推知，作者通過展示人工智能的積極潛力和挑戰(zhàn)來論證人工智能的影響。故選B。【33題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.(總之，人工智能是我們這個時代最深刻的發(fā)明之一。雖然它提供了巨大的機會，但它也帶來了我們作為一個社會必須歡迎的重大挑戰(zhàn)。當我們站在這個技術的十字路口時，我們的選擇將決定人工智能對人類是有益還是有害。)”可知，文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制定標準和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時避免潛在的危險。由此可知，D項：BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety(平衡人工智能在現(xiàn)代社會中的潛力和挑戰(zhàn))是最好的標題。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanu