2023北京房山良鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)（教師版）

2023北京房山良鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)2023.11本卷共12頁(yè)，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘，考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IusedtohatebeingcalleduponinclassmainlybecauseIdidn’tlikeattentiondrawntomyself.Andunlessotherwiseassignedaseatbytheteacher,Ialwayschosetositatthebackoftheclassroom.Allthis1afterIjoinedasportsteam.ItbeganwhenateachersuggestedItryoutforthebasketballteam.AtfirstIthoughtitwasacrazy2becauseIdidn’thaveagoodsenseofbalance,nordidIhavetheabilitytokeeppacewiththeothersontheteamandtheywouldteaseme.Butfortheteacherwhokeptinsistingonmy“3forit”,Iwouldn’thavedecidedtogiveatry.Gettingupthecouragetogotothetryoutswasonlythehalfofit!WhenIfirststarted4thepracticesessions,Ididn’tevenknowtherulesofthegame,muchworsewhatIwasdoing.SometimesI’dget5andtakeashotatthewrongdirection,whichmademefeelreallystupid.6Iwasn’ttheonlyone“new”atthegame,soIdecidedtofocusonlearningthegame,domybestateachpracticesession,andnotbetoohardonmyselfforthethingsIdidn’t7“justyet”.Ipracticedandpracticed.SoonIknewtherulesandthe“moves”.Beingpartofateamwasfunandmotivating.Verysoonthecompetitive8inmewaswinningovermylackofconfidence.Withtime,Ilearnedhowtoplayandmadefriendsintheprocess-friendswhorespectedmyeffortstoworkhardandbeateamplayer.Ineverhadsomuchfun!Withmyimprovedself-confidencecomesmorepraisefromteachersandclassmates.Ihavegonefrom“9”inthebackoftheclassroomandnotwantingtocallattentiontomyself,toraisingmyhand-evenwhenIsometimeswasn’tandnot100percent10Ihadtherightanswer.NowIhavemoreself-confidenceinmyself.1．A．continued B．changed C．settled D．started2．A．idea B．plan C．belief D．saying3．A．going B．looking C．cheering D．a(chǎn)pplying4．A．enjoying B．preparing C．a(chǎn)ttending D．watching5．A．committed B．motivated C．embarrassed D．confused6．A．Interestingly B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Hopefully7．A．want B．do C．support D．know8．A．roles B．part C．mind D．value9．A．dreaming B．playing C．relaxing D．hiding10．A．lucky B．happy C．sure D．satisfied第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）AClarenceBirdseyehadthechancetogoonatriptotheArctic,11peoplecaughtfishandthenputthefishinacontaineroffice12（freeze）itquickly.Whenpeoplecookedthefishlater,itwasstillgood!ThisgaveBirdseye13idea.Hethoughtpeoplecouldalsohavethiskindoffoodathome.In1926,Birdseyeinventedfrozenfood.Peoplewereabletostorefoodin14（freezer）foralongtime.BShakespeare’sbirthplacewasthechildhoodhomeofWilliamShakespeare.Thehousehasbeenexactlyfurnished,andincludesbothoriginalandcopyitemssimilartothosewhichwouldhavebeenthereinthehouse15Shakespearewasachild.Beautifullypaintedclothshangonthewalls,andbrightlycoloredfabrics（織物）filltherooms.Atthebackofthehouseisabeautiful-garden16（contain）manytrees,herbsandflowers17（mention）inShakespeare’splays.CWhenyoumakeamistake,thelastthing18youwanttodoisrunawayfromit.Youneedtoacceptitbecauseyoucanlearnalotfromit.Themistake19（make）already,somakethemostofit.20（pay）theprice,learnthelesson,andgrowthatmuchstronger.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWhenitcomestohiking,Greecehassomethingforeverykindofwalker.Themainlandboasts（擁有）well-maintainedroutes,whileonthecountry’sislandsyou’llfindancientpathsdatingbacktoByzantinetimesconnectingsleepyvillageswithbeautifulsandycoves（小海灣）.Here’sourpickofGreece’sbesthikes.SamariaGorge（峽谷）,Crete16kilometers（10miles）,4hoursHikingthe16-kilometerSamariaGorgeisconsideredoneofCrete’smust-doexperiences,whichiswhyyou’llrarelybewithoutcompany.Nevertheless,there’sanundeniablerawbeautytoSamaria,wherevertical（垂直的）wallssoarupto500metersandarejust3.5metersapartatthenarrowestpoint（150metersatthebroadest）.Thehikebeginsat1,230metersatXyloskalojustsouthofOmalosandendsinthecoastalvillageofAgiaRoumeli.It’sespeciallyscenicinAprilandMay,whenwildflowersbrightentheroute.MtOhisummithike,Evia8kilometers（5miles）,3to4hoursThesummitofMtOhi（ProfitisIlias;1,398m）,lesser-visitedEvia’sthird-highestpeak,iscrownedbymysteriousancientdragonhouses:7thcenturyBCarchitecture,madefromrocksweighingseveraltons.FromMyli,it’san8-kilometerhiketothesummit（threetofourhours）.It’spossibletostayovernightatthe1,000-meter-highrefugethenhikeupMtOhitocatchthesunrise（30minutes）,whichmakesforamagicalexperience.ContactSouthEviaToursorEviaAdventureToursfordetails.DelphitoKirraWalk,CentralGreece14kilometers（9miles）,3to4hoursThis14-kilometerdownhillhikefollowsacenturies-oldpathwayfromhistoricDelphitotheancientportofKirra,justeastofmodernIteaonthesoutherncoastofmainlandGreece.ThehikestartsfromtheE4long-distancestartingpoint100meterseastoftheHotelAcropole.SkirtingthevillageofCrissa,itgoestothegulf（海灣）throughGreece’slargestolivegarden.Afteryourthree-to-four-hourhike,andlunchoraswim,youcanreturntoDelphibybus（around2euros）.HiketotheTombofKleobolus,Rhodes5kilometers（3miles）,2hoursAneasy,enjoyable5-kilometer（two-hour）round-triphikeescapesLindostoreachtheso-calledTombofKleobolus.StartingalongsideCarPark1abovethemainbeach,therouteendsatarockyhilltoppedbyacirculartombactuallybuiltduringthe2ndcenturyBC,longafterKleobolusruledRhodes.21．WhatistherawbeautyofSamaria?A．Highandnarrowgorges. B．Magicalsunset.C．Wildflowersthroughouttheyear. D．Mysteriouslargerocks.22．WhatwillvisitorsseeduringtheMtOhisummithike,Evia?A．Ancientbuildings. B．Evia’shighestpeak.C．Acirculartomb. D．Greece’slargestolivegarden.23．WhatcanwelearnabouttheDelphitoKirraWalk?A．ItletsvisitorsexperiencethemodernworldofGreece.B．VisitorsarerecommendedtogetbacktoDelphibyship.C．Therouteconnectstwoplaceswithalonghistory.D．Itisachallengingroutethrougharockyhill.BMysonjustturned14anddoesnothaveasmartphone.WhenhegraduatedfromGrade8,hewastheonlykidinhisclasswithoutone.Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain（yetagain）,andhepushesback.“Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfromin-persontoonlineinteraction.Butotherparentschallengemyperspective.“Hemustfeelsoleftout!”Thentherearetheparentswhotellmewithprofoundsadnessthattheywishtheyhaddelayedtheirteenager’sphoneownershiplongerthantheydid.Theyurgemetoholdout.Ifteenagersbetweentheagesof13and18aretrulyspendinganaverageof8hours39minutesperdayontheirdevices,asstatedina2021surveyconductedbythenon-profitresearchorganizationCommonSenseMedia,thenwhataretheynotdoing?Kidsabsorbedintheirdevicesaremissingoutonreallife,andthatstrikesmeasreallysad.Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimself—andemergestronger—withoutaskingformeatthepushofabutton.Theeasiestandsimplestwaytoachievethesegoalsistodelaygivinghimasmartphone.Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextracurricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Heswears（發(fā)誓）he’llgivehisown14-year-oldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.IfthatishisversionofadmittingI’mright,I’lltakeit.24．Whatistheauthor’sprimaryconcernregardinggivinghersonasmartphone?A．Herson’ssociallife. B．Herson’swell-being.C．Herson’stimemanagement. D．Herson’sacademicperformance.25．Whatisthemainpointtheauthorintendstoexpressinparagraph5?A．Herdoubtsaboutthereliabilityofateenagesurvey.B．Theriseofsmartphoneaddictionamongteenagers.C．Thepotentialnegativeeffectsofexcessivephoneusage.D．Thefactorscontributingtoteenagesmartphoneaddiction.26．Whatqualitydoesthetextsuggesttheauthorwantshersontodevelopinhischildhood?A．Teamspirit B．Leadership C．Self-reliance D．Criticalthinking27．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sson?A．Heisstrugglingacademically.B．Henolongerdesiresasmartphone.C．Heiseasilyinfluencedbyhisfriends.D．Hehasrealizedthedrawbacksofexcessivescreentime.CTheworld’soceanswilllikelyloseaboutone-sixthoftheirfishandothercreatureswithin100yearsifclimatechangecontinuesonitscurrentpath.EverydegreeCelsiusthattheworld’soceanswarm,theirbiomassisexpectedtodropfivepercent,astudyfound.Thestudypredictsthatifthereisnochangeintherateofworldwidegreenhousegasproduction,therewillbea17-percentlossofbiomassbytheyear2100.But,iftheworldreducescarbonpollution,biomasslossescouldbelimitedtoonlyabout5percent.Warmingtemperaturesarethebiggestissue.Butclimatechangealsoproducesoceansthataremoreacidicandhavelessoxygen.Thisalsoharmssealife.Muchoftheworlddependsontheoceansforfoodorwork.Thefindingsmakesenseandthepossibleeffectsofthepredictedlossesofanimallifearehuge.“Climatechangehasthepotentialtocauseseriousnewconflictsoveroceanresourceuseasthehumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,”saidscientists.MarinebiologistBorisWorm,whohelpedrunthestudy,addedthatthe“buildingblocksofmarinelife—planktonandbacteria—maydeclinelessheavily.”“Thosemarineanimalsthatweusedirectly,andcareaboutmostdeeply,arepredictedtosufferthemost,”saidWorm.HeworksatCanada’sDalhousieUniversity.Scientistshadalreadybelievedclimatechangewouldlikelyreducefutureoceanlife.Butpastcomputer-basedstudieslookedatonlypartofthepictureorusedonlyonemodel.Thelateststudyusedsixdifferentcomputermodelstogivethebestpicturelookyet,WilliamCheungsaid.UniversityofGeorgiamarinebiologistSamanthaJoyewasnotpartoftheresearch.Butshepraisedthestudyaswellresearchedandextremelydetailed,andcalledit“anurgentcallforaction”.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“biomass”inparagraph1referto?A．Oceantemperature. B．Totalmarinelife. C．Seacondition. D．Oceanlevel.29．Whydoscientiststhinkthatclimatechangemightcauseconflicts?A．Itmayreducethesearesource. B．Itleadstotheextinctionofmarinelife.C．Itpollutestheenvironmentoftheocean. D．Itmayincreasetheworldpopulation.30．Whichseaanimalswillbeharmedtheworstbyseawarming?A．Thelargestones. B．Theonesindeepoceans.C．Thebacteriaonseasurface. D．Thosewehumansneedmost.DWe’veallhearditbefore:tobesuccessful,getoutofbedearly.Afterall,AppleCEOTimCookgetsupat3:45am,FiatCEOSergioMarchionneat3:30amandRichardBransonat5:45am—and,asweknow,“Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.”Indeed,itmaybetruethatthosewhogetupearlyhaveajumpstartonthedaybeforeothersareevenoutofbed.Butjustbecausesomesuccessfulpeoplewakeupearly,doesthatmeanit’satraitmostofthemshare?Andiftheideaofhavingexercised,plannedyourday,eatenbreakfast,visualizedanddoneonetaskbefore8am.makesyouwanttorolloverandhitsnoozeuntilnextSaturday,areyoureallydoomedtoalesssuccessfullife?Forabouthalfofus,thisisn’treallyanissue.It’sestimatedthatsome50%ofthepopulationisn’treallymorning-orientedoreveningoriented,butsomewhereinthemiddle.Roughlyoneinfourofus,though,tendmoretowardbright-eyedearlyrisers,andanotheroneinfourarenightowls.Forthem,theeffectcangobeyondfallingasleepinfrontoftheTVat10pmorbeingregularlylateforwork.Numerousstudieshavefoundthatmorningpeoplearemoreself-directedandagreeable.Andcomparedtonightowls,theyarelesslikelytobedepressed,drinkorsmoke.Althoughmorningtypesmayachievemoreacademically,nightowlstendtoperformbetteronmeasuresofmemory,processingspeedandcognitiveability,evenwhentheyhavetoperformthosetasksinthemorning.Night-timepeoplearealsomoreopenandmorecreative.Andonestudyshowsthatnightowlsareashealthyandwiseasmorningtypes—andalittlebitwealthier.StillthinkthemorningpeoplesoundmorelikeCEOmaterial?Don’tsetyouralarmfor5amjust,yet,asitturnsout,overhauling（大修）yoursleeptimesmaynothavemucheffect.“Ifpeoplearelefttotheirnaturallypreferredtimes,theyfeelmuchbetter.Theysaythattheyaremuchmoreproductive.Thementalcapacitytheyhaveismuchbroader,”saysOxfordUniversitybiologistKatharinaWulf.Ontheotherhand,shesays,pushingpeopletoofaroutoftheirnaturalpreferencecanbeharmful.Whentheywakeearly,forexample,nightowlsarestillproducingmelatonin（褪黑激素）.“Then,youdisruptitandpushthebodytobeinthedaytimemode.Thatcanhavelotsofnegative,physiologicalconsequences,”Wulfsays,“l(fā)ikeadifferentsensitivitytoinsulinandglucose（葡萄糖）whichcancauseweightgain.”31．Whatcanweknowfromthe4thand5thparagraphs?A．Neithernightowlsnormorningpersonsperformbetterthanthemiddleones.B．Tobeatnight-timepeople,askthemtodomathscalculationinthemorning.C．Nightowlstendtosacrificetheirhealthfortheirwealth.D．Morningtypesaremoreconservativebutmoreoptimistic.32．WhichofthefollowingdoesKatharinaWulfsupport?A．Don’tfallasleepinfrontoftheTV. B．Betternotoverhaulyoursleeptimes.C．Stopstingyouralarmfor5am. D．Avoidbeing-regularlylateforwork.13．Whatdoestheauthordointhefirstthreeparagraphs?A．raisingtheproblem→analysingtheproblem→solvingtheproblem.B．presentingauthor’sviewpoint→providingsupportingproofs→makingaconclusion.C．leadinginthetopic→challengingaviewpoint→discussingaboutthetopic.D．introducingaviewpoint→raisingthequestion→presentingauthor’sviewpoint.34．Whydoestheauthorwritethisarticle?A．Toargueagainsttheviewthattheearlybirdcatchestheworm.B．Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenearlyrisersandnightowls.C．Toadvisepeopletogetupneithertooearlynortoolate.D．Toexplainwhysomepeoplearemoresuccessful.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Astheweatheriscolderanddaytimeshorter,manyofusmayexperiencechangestoourenergy,moodandoverallwell-being.35Spendtimeinnatureeachday36Duringthewintermonthswhenourdaylighthoursareshorter,itisevenmorebeneficialtogetoutsideandbreathefreshairdaily.AlthoughmanyofourclimatesdonotprovidealotofvitaminDinthewintermonths,everylittlebitcounts.DrinkplentyofwaterWhenit’scoldoutside,weoftenreachforawarmcupofcoffeeortea.Bothdrinkshaveantioxidantproperties,butitisimportanttoconsumeadequatewatertostayhydrated.Purchasealargewaterbottleof32ouncesormore,sothatafewfill-upsgetyouenough.37Sowhenyouarethirsty,thefirstthingyoureachforiswater.FeelconnectedtoothersRain,snowandfreezingtemperaturesmakeitmorefrighteningtoleavethehouseandbracetheelementstoconnectwithpeople.Duringwinter,itisnormaltofeelmorelonelyafterspendingmoretimeathome,especiallyifyoualsostudyorworkfromhome.38Plantomeetatleastonceamonthatafavoritespot.Inviteafriendorfamilymemberforawalk.Selectafavoriteparktomeetatandgetsomestepsandtimeinnature!39Springandsummerareenergeticallyverybusy,fruitfultimeswhenwenaturallyfeelmoreactiveandenjoypackingourdayswithlotsofactivity.Thefallandwinterareatimetoslowdownandgoinward,lettinggoofwhatnolongerservesusandbuildingupourreserves.A．Preparewarm,nourishingdishes.B．Acceptthechangebyslowingdown.C．Keepyourwaterbottleonyourdeskorworkspace.D．Scheduleastandingcoffeeorlunchdatewithafriend.E．Ifyoufollowtherulesabove,youwillsurelyfeelmuchbetter.F．Herearesomeideastohelpyoufeelbestduringthewintermonths.G．Researchshowsspendingtimeinnaturemakesforpositivementalwell-being.第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分）Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues（刺激）withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered（觸發(fā)）bythesecues.A“habitloop（環(huán)）”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward—thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep—rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre—evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem（ordon’t）.Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40．Howarehabitsbuilt?_________________________________________41．Inwhatwayisaroutinediffe